BIOLOGY OF THE CORN LEAF APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Foott
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Favorable Environment ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Plant Emergence

AbstractThere was no evidence that the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), can overwinter in southwestern Ontario. An alate with a small colony of nymphs was found on 26 April, indicating that migration from the south starts early in the spring. Early migrants colonized winter barley, but not winter oats, rye, or wheat. Colonization on field corn did not occur until over a month after plant emergence. Only small numbers of alatae initiated infestations on corn and the large variation in size of aphid infestations observed at pollination was due to differences in the longevity and fecundity of these few early attackers. The whorl leaves which enclosed the tassel before pollination provided a very favorable environment for rapid development of the aphids. Trapping of alatae in yellow pans of water at the periphery of a corn field in the fall showed that a minimum temperature of 13°C was required for flight. At a constant temperature of 25.5°C and a light:dark photoperiod of 14:10 h, the average prereproductive, reproductive, and postreproductive periods for 29 aphids were 5.9, 15.8, and 9.6 days, respectively. The average number of nymphs produced/female was 68.2.

EFFECTS OF INFESTATIONS BY THE CORN LEAF APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), ON FIELD CORN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott ◽  
P. R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractThe effects of various levels of infestation of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), on yield of field corn were examined from 1965 to 1970 inclusive when all plants whose yield might have been influenced by factors other than aphid feeding were excluded from the data. A possible relationship between moisture stress in plants and degree of aphid injury was also investigated.A light infestation (maximum of 400 aphids on the tassel) caused average yield reductions up to 8.3% when plants were under moisture stress, but nil to negligible losses when moisture was adequate. Moderate infestations (many hundreds of aphids on part of the tassel) produced average losses up to 34.8% under drought conditions and up to 11.8% when moisture was abundant. Severe infestations (many hundreds of aphids on most of the tassel) caused average yield reductions ranging from 43.2 to 91.8% when plants were under water stress and up to 58.9% even with abundant moisture. Very severely infested plants (many hundreds on all of the tassel and whorl leaves) were usually barren or had ears with just a few kernels regardless of moisture conditions.Most injury from aphid feeding appeared to occur before and during pollination. No particular combination of temperature and rainfall favored aphid buildup.

The influence of cultural factors and mildew on yield of winter barley

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bainbridge ◽  
M. E. Finney ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Half Seed ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

SummaryIn experiments on winter barley in 1975–6 and 1977–8 early or late sowing, full or half seed rate, nitrogen applied in March or April and tridemorph spray applied in autumn, early spring and late spring were assessed factorially in all combinations for their effects on mildew development, crop growth and grain yield.Date of sowing had the biggest effect on yield. Early-sown crops (24 September 1975, 6 October 1977) greatly out-yielded the late-sown; by 79·8% in the first year and 53·9% in the second. Late sowing (6 November 1975, 2 November 1977) approximately halved plant emergence. Although late-sown plants developed more tillers, more grains per ear and larger grain this failed to compensate for the thinner stand.Sowing at half seed rate did not decrease yield when compared with the crop sown at the full seed rate on the same date. In contemporaneous crops extra tillering and larger ears generally compensated for fewer plants.The effect of date of applying N was variable. April N gave the best yield in the early· and late-sown crops in 1975–6 and in the late-sown crop in 1977–8. However, in the early-sown crop in the second year March N was best. Number of ears was increased in early-sown crops by March N but date of N application had no influence on number of ears in late-sown crops or on the number of grains per ear in any crop.The winter of 1975–6 was mild and mildew developed on both early· and late-sown crops throughout their growth.Single tridemorph sprays applied in autumn (14 November) to the early-sown crop or winter (25 February) to the late-sown crop or early spring (9 April) to both crops gave significant yield increases of 6·3–7·6%. Applying two sprays, one in autumn or winter plus one in early spring gave an increase equal to the sum of each applied separately. A late spring spray (14 May) had no significant effect on yield. The 1977–8 winter was colder and although mildew was moderate on the early-sown crop in autumn it was almost absent from this experiment after winter. Spraying failed to increase yield significantly.

scholarly journals Herbivore-induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco L. Bernasconi ◽  
Ted C. J. Turlings ◽  
Lara Ambrosetti ◽  
Paolo Bassetti ◽  
Silvia Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid

scholarly journals Effects of Host Plants Reared under Elevated CO2 Concentrations on the Foraging Behavior of Different Stages of Corn Leaf Aphids Rhopalosiphum maidis

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Clément Martin ◽  
Junior Corneille Fingu Mabola ◽  
François Verheggen ◽  
Zhenying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Climate change is a major environmental concern and is directly related to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. The increase in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), not only affects plant growth and development, but also affects the emission of plant organic volatile compounds (VOCs). Changes in the plant odor profile may affect the plant-insect interactions, especially the behavior of herbivorous insects. In this study, we compared the foraging behavior of corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings grown under contrasted CO2 concentrations. During the dual choice bioassays, the winged and wingless aphids were more attracted by the VOCs of barley seedlings cultivated under ambient CO2 concentrations (aCO2; 450 ppm) than barley seedlings cultivated under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2; 800 ppm), nymphs were not attracted by the VOCs of eCO2 barley seedlings. Then, volatile compositions from 14-d-old aCO2 and eCO2 barley seedlings were investigated by GC-MS. While 16 VOCs were identified from aCO2 barley seedlings, only 9 VOCs were found from eCO2 barley seedlings. At last, we discussed the potential role of these chemicals observed during choice bioassays. Our findings lay foundation for functional response of corn leaf aphid under climate change through host plant modifications.

Toxicological Study of Dimlor (A Mixture of Dimethoate and Chlorpyrifos) Against Corn Leaf Aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis. (Fitch) under Different Micro-climatic Conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Tahir . ◽  
Tahir Anwar . ◽  
Mohammad Rafiq Khan . ◽  
Shaugafta Aziz . ◽  
Mohammad Ilyas . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid

LACK OF CLONAL VARIATION AMONG CANADIAN POPULATIONS OF THE CORN LEAF APHID, RHOPALOSIPHUM MAIDIS FITCH (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Simon ◽  
P.D.N. Hebert ◽  
C. Carillo ◽  
R. De Melo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Allozyme Analysis ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Mtdna Variation ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid

AbstractThe extent of allozyme variation and the amount of genetic divergence were assessed among populations of the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis in Ontario. Allozyme analysis of individuals from 12 sites revealed no polymorphism for 32 loci. In addition, the extent of karyotypic, allozyme, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined for clones from North America, Europe, and North Africa. As previously noted, chromosome number varied in relation to the host-plant on which aphids were collected, but neither allozyme nor mtDNA patterns allowed discrimination among clones. Further work is needed to determine whether the lack of genetic diversity in R. maidis is linked with its recent introduction to North America or with its loss of a sexual phase.

Resistance to corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) in tropical corn (Zea mays L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Sup So ◽  
Hee Chung Ji ◽  
James L. Brewbaker
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid

Genetics of corn leaf aphid(Rhopalosiphum maidis)resistance in barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Verma ◽  
R. Malik ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Corn Leaf Aphid
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