MAINTAINING A COLONY OF THE STRIPED FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN THE GREENHOUSE

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. E. Wiens
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Small Colony

AbstractA small colony of the striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolala (F.), has been maintained in a cage in the greenhouse for more than 21/2 years. Horseradish [Armoracia rusticana (Lam) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.] was found to be a suitable host plant, and the caged beetle colony has followed a similar life cycle to natural populations in the field.

HOST DISCRIMINATION BY A CRUCIFER-FEEDING FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (F.) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
P. Palaniswamy
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Host Discrimination ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

AbstractThe flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (F.), was attracted to the cruciferous plants Brassica oleracea L. and Raphanus sativus L., but not to B. campestris L. and B. napus L. which are important natural host plants, nor to Pisum sativum (L.), a legume. The presence or absence of attraction was demonstrated by exposing small groups of caged plants to natural populations and trapping beetles near the plants. In choice and no-choice laboratory feeding experiments, P. striolata fed on eight Cruciferae in the genera Brassica, Raphanus, and Sinapis but not on P. sativum. Phyllotreta striolata fed less on S. arvensis L. and S. alba L. than on plants in the other genera. Within Brassica, B. oleracea, B. napus, and B. campestris were preferred over B. juncea (L.) Czern and B. nigra (L.) Koch. Discrimination at the attraction phase of host selection did not account for discrimination shown in laboratory feeding experiments nor in the natural attack of flea beetles on cruciferous crops.

scholarly journals The draft genome of the specialist flea beetle Altica viridicyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Jun Xue ◽  
Yi-Wei Niu ◽  
Kari A. Segraves ◽  
Rui-E Nie ◽  
Ya-Jing Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Host Plant Specialization ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Altica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a highly diverse and taxonomically challenging flea beetle genus that has been used to address questions related to host plant specialization, reproductive isolation, and ecological speciation. To further evolutionary studies in this interesting group, here we present a draft genome of a representative specialist, Altica viridicyanea, the first Alticinae genome reported thus far. Results The genome is 864.8 Mb and consists of 4490 scaffolds with a N50 size of 557 kb, which covered 98.6% complete and 0.4% partial insect Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. Repetitive sequences accounted for 62.9% of the assembly, and a total of 17,730 protein-coding gene models and 2462 non-coding RNA models were predicted. To provide insight into host plant specialization of this monophagous species, we examined the key gene families involved in chemosensation, detoxification of plant secondary chemistry, and plant cell wall-degradation. Conclusions The genome assembled in this work provides an important resource for further studies on host plant adaptation and functionally affiliated genes. Moreover, this work also opens the way for comparative genomics studies among closely related Altica species, which may provide insight into the molecular evolutionary processes that occur during ecological speciation.

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics of spore killers.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Nauta ◽  
R F Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Genetic Modeling ◽  
Spore Killing ◽  
Ascospore Formation

Abstract Spore killing in ascomycetes is a special form of segregation distortion. When a strain with the Killer genotype is crossed to a Sensitive type, spore killing is expressed by asci with only half the number of ascospores as usual, all surviving ascospores being of the Killer type. Using population genetic modeling, this paper explores conditions for invasion of Spore killers and for polymorphism of Killers, Sensitives and Resistants (which neither kill, nor get killed), as found in natural populations. The models show that a population with only Killers and Sensitives can never be stable. The invasion of Killers and stable polymorphism only occur if Killers have some additional advantage during the process of spore killing. This may be due to the effects of local sib competition or some kind of "heterozygous" advantage in the stage of ascospore formation or in the short diploid stage of the life cycle. This form of segregation distortion appears to be essentially different from other, well-investigated forms, and more field data are needed for a better understanding of spore killing.

Phyllotreta striolata. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Kurile Islands ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Alticinae Striped flea beetle, turnip flea beetle. Attacks turnip, cabbage, rape and other Cruciferae. = Phyllotreta vittata(Fabricius) Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Crete, Czech, Republic Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish, Republic Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, RUSSIA, Amur, Irkutsk, Kamchatka, Karelia, Khabarovsk, Kiev, Leningrad, Magadan, Primorye, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Smolensk, ASIA, Andaman Islands, Bhutan, Burma, China, Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Xizhang, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Tripura, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea, Kurile Islands, Malaysia, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Okinawa, Sikkim, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin.

Laboratory comparison of the relative success of Biomphalaria glabrata stocks which are susceptible and insusceptible to infection with Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Minchella ◽  
P. T. Loverde
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Plausible Answer ◽  
Major Objection ◽  
Transmit Disease

SUMMARYA method of interrupting the life-cycle of the human blood fluke Schistosoma by increasing the proportion of genetically insusceptible intermediate host snails in natural populations was first proposed nearly 25 years ago. The method assumes that insusceptible snails will be at a selective advantage over susceptible snails when the schistosome parasite is present, and therefore natural selection will act to increase the proportion of alleles for insusceptibility. A major objection to the proposed technique is ‘If insusceptible snails are at a selective advantage, then why are they not predominant in natural populations that transmit disease?’ One explanation of this paradox is that insusceptibility may be associated with a disadvantageous character or a physiological defect. This study tests this hypothesis by measuring the relative reproductive success of susceptible and insusceptible snails under controlled conditions. Results indicate that insusceptible (unsuitable) snails are negatively affected in the presence of either susceptible snails or schistosome parasites. Furthermore, in the presence of both susceptible snails and schistosome parasites, insusceptible snails are selectively disadvantaged compared to susceptible snails. These results obtained under laboratory-controlled conditions suggest a plausible answer as to why insusceptible snails are not predominant in natural populations that transmit disease.

scholarly journals Biology and Nutritional Indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Saccharine Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Barcelos ◽  
Fabrício O. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline Lopes ◽  
Beatriz M. Emygdio ◽  
Ricardo Valgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Saccharine sorghum has been analyzed as a supplementary prime matter for ethanol production, especially during the sugarcane off-season period. However, it has proven to be highly susceptible to insect attacks during the cultivation cycle. The fall armyworm should be emphasized due to its voracity and high damage capacity enhanced by feeding-caused decrease in photosynthetic area. Current analysis studies the biology and determines the nutritional indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda in saccharine sorghum. Cultivars of saccharine sorghum BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511were evaluated. Duration and survival of the egg, caterpillar, pre-pupal and pupal phases were determined, coupled to weight of pupae and caterpillar, life span, fecundity and pre-egg laying period. Although S. frugiperda completed its life cycle on cultivars BRS 506 and BRS 511, egg-laying and egg feasibility rates were low, whereas insects did not lay eggs on cultivar BRS 509. There was no significant difference in feeding intake by S. frugiperda among these three sorghum cultivars. Results suggest that saccharine sorghum is not a suitable host for S. frugiperda. Biological data reveal that the three saccharine sorghum cultivars are recommended for the grain production system since the number of specimens of the next generation is low or null.

Species of Aphis inhabiting European Oenothera: their biology, morphology and systematics (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimantas Rakauskas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
European Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

AbstractInformation on the Aphis species that feed on evening primroses (Oenothera spp.) has been summarized in the catalogue of the aphid species inhabiting herbaceous plants of the world (Blackman & Eastop, 2006). Recent descriptions of the European species, A. holoenotherae (Rakauskas, 2007), that appeared to be a sibling of the American A. oenotherae, demonstrated the need of reexamining the current state of knowledge of the Aphis species inhabiting evening primroses in Europe. The present study, based on published original data, revealed nine aphid species of the genus Aphis which are capable of living on Oenothera plants in Europe. Only two of them are really dependent on Oenothera species during their life cycle: A. oenotherae Oestlund and A. holoenotherae Rakauskas. They have different life cycles and host plant spectrum, although they are very close in their morphology. Processus terminalis length appeared to be the most reliable morphological character in distinguishing between apterous and alate viviparous females, and males of A. oenotherae and A. holoenotherae at the present time. A. grossulariae is not a typical Oenothera-feeder in Europe, occurring on evening primroses only by chance. Other Aphis species (epilobiaria, fabae, sambuci, praeterita, frangulae, nasturtii), are opportunistic inhabitants of Oenothera plants. Information about host specificity and morphology of the Oenothera-inhabiting European Aphis species is summarized, and a key for the entire range of species found living on European Oenothera is provided.

Vegetative Propagation of Species of Genus Allium L.

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Rina Kamenetsky
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Arid Conditions

The genus Allium L. consists of about 500 species in the Northern hemisphere and includes a large number of useful plants. The highly variable underground organs of Allium species - rhizomes and bulbs - have the function of storing food and moisture in severe environmental conditions. Their other very important function - vegetative reproduction and propagation - increases the chances of survival and supports the genetic stability of natural populations. Among about 40 species studied, 5 types of vegetative reproduction and propagation are distinguishable. The formation of apical buds, daughter bulblets, stolons and apomictic bulblets in the inflorescense have been observed. There is possibly some connection between vegetative propagation, morphological type and life cycle. The process of evolution within the genus and the migration of species to arid conditions lead possibly to the appearance in phylogenesis of prevalence of seminal reproduction over vegetative propagation.

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