AN EVALUATION OF A SCOLYTUS TSUGAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) INFESTATION IN A SMALL STAND OF DOUGLAS-FIR SAPLINGS IN NORTHERN IDAHO

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Schenk ◽  
Alan A. Berryman ◽  
John W. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
Diameter Classes

AbstractThe distribution of attack by Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) between and within trees was evaluated in a small, isolated stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) saplings in northern Idaho. Distribution of attacked trees was determined from a complete inventory of the stand Within-tree distribution of attack was evaluated from sample bolts removed from three levels of each of nine sample trees. The infestation was concentrated (> 50%) in the 5-in. (12.7-cm) (dbh) trees during the 3-year outbreak period, but spread to the next smaller and larger diameter classes during the peak year. Approximately 52% of available host trees in each of the 5- and 7-in. (12.7- and 17.8-cm) diameter classes were killed during the outbreak. The lower and middle thirds of the bole sustained the highest number of attacks per ft2 (930 cm2). There was no significant difference in the percentage of successful attacks per ft2 (930 cm2) between tree level; however, the degree of success tended to increase with height in the tree.

A Biodegradable Formulation of MCH (3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one) for Protecting Pseudotsuga menziesii from Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Colonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1858-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel G Foote ◽  
Christopher J Fettig ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Justin B Runyon ◽  
Tom W Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antiaggregation Pheromone ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, trees and stands can be protected from Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (DFB)-caused mortality by application of synthetic formulations of the beetle’s antiaggregation pheromone, 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH). A biodegradable formulation of MCH, SPLAT MCH, was developed and evaluated for protecting individual Douglas-fir trees and small stands from colonization and mortality by DFB. In an individual-tree experiment in Idaho, both MCH bubble capsules and SPLAT MCH significantly reduced the proportion of treated trees colonized and killed by DFB compared to untreated controls. SPLAT MCH was as effective as MCH bubble capsules for protecting individual trees. Both MCH bubble capsules and SPLAT MCH significantly reduced the proportion of trees colonized and killed by DFB within 0.04-ha circular plots surrounding each treated tree compared to untreated controls. In 0.41 ha stands in New Mexico, both MCH bubble capsules and SPLAT MCH significantly reduced the proportion of trees colonized and killed by DFB compared to untreated controls, again with no differences observed between MCH treatments. In a similar stand level trial in Idaho, neither MCH treatment significantly reduced the proportion of trees colonized by DFB, and only MCH bubble capsules significantly reduced levels of tree mortality compared to untreated controls, but no significant difference was observed between SPLAT MCH and MCH bubble capsules. Overall, the results indicate that SPLAT MCH is as effective as MCH bubble capsules for protecting individual trees and small stands of Douglas-fir from DFB-caused mortality.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth of Grand Fir and Douglas-Fir Stands in Northern Idaho

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Shafii ◽  
James A. Moore ◽  
John R. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Northern Idaho

Abstract A study of nitrogen fertilization response in thinned and unthinned stands of grand fir (Abies grandis) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in northern Idaho showed that the application of one urea nitrogen treatment applied at a rate of 200 lb N/ac resulted in a significantly higher average basal area growth over a 6-year post-treatment period. Nitrogen fertilization also resulted in a significant height increment increase over the same period. Fourteen years after treatment, fertilization had increased average tree size, in terms of total cubic volume, by 14% in unthinned and by 23% in thinned stands. A comparison of thinned and unthinned stands suggested an increase in tree size (>300%) over the same period without significant reduction in average total cubic volume per acre. Patterns of stand development were altered by nitrogen fertilization. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):54-57, April 1989.

scholarly journals NOTES ON A SPRUCE BUDWORM INFESTATION IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

An outbreak of the one-year cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), on Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, which lasted six years before collapsing, is described. Population trends and seasonal development, effect of defoliation on the host trees and parasites of the insect are discussed.

Douglas-fir cone gall midges respond to shape and infrared wavelength attributes of host tree branches

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Zahradnik ◽  
Stephen Takács ◽  
Ward Strong ◽  
Robb Bennett ◽  
Anastasia Kuzmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gravid Females

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the conophagous Douglas-fir cone gall midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), responds to infrared (IR) radiation and other electromagnetic wavelengths associated with cones of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae). Early-season (March–April) thermographic images showed that cone orientation (upright, horizontal, pendant) and cone colour (green, purple, green/purple) did not affect apparent cone temperature (inferred from thermographic images). Tree components significantly differed in apparent temperature with foliage being coolest and branches warmest. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae in cones of different colours, and adult midges were equally attracted to traps painted green or purple, suggesting that cone colour does not affect oviposition decisions by gravid females. Adult midges were more strongly attracted to warm traps with IR frequency emissions higher than the background than to cold traps with IR frequency emissions lower than the background. They were also more strongly attracted to warm branch-shaped traps than to warm can-shaped traps. Collectively, these data indicate that the shape and IR attributes of Douglas-fir branches may serve as foraging cues for C. oregonensis.

Variation in the root bark phenolics/sugar ratio of Douglas-fir grown in two plantations in northern Idaho

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H Myszewski ◽  
Lauren Fins ◽  
James A Moore ◽  
Marc Rust ◽  
Peter G Mika
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Bark Tissue ◽  
Bark Chemistry ◽  
Root Chemistry ◽  
Northern Idaho

Several studies have linked high phenolics/sugar ratios in the inner root bark tissue of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to decreased susceptibility to Armillaria spp. While these studies have identified environmental factors that influence root chemistry, none have examined whether the phenolics/sugar ratio is genetically controlled. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetics and environment on the root bark chemistry of 20 families of 15-year-old Douglas-fir planted in two sites in northern Idaho. Only sugar concentrations varied significantly among families, but site was a significant source of variation for phenolics and the phenolics/sugar ratio. Family × site interactions were significant for the concentrations of all measured root bark compounds as well as for the phenolics/sugar ratio. Phenotypic correlations between height and the phenolics/sugar ratio and between height and sugar concentrations were not significant. However, families with superior height growth and below-average sugar concentrations could be found at both sites. Should a high phenolics/sugar ratio prove effective in selecting genotypes for resistance to Armillaria infection, these results suggest that gains could be made more efficiently by selecting for low sugar concentrations.

scholarly journals A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. D. Wolf ◽  
S. Robbert Gradstein ◽  
Nalini M. Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Epiphyte Communities ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Abstract:The sampling of epiphytes is fraught with methodological difficulties. We present a protocol to sample and analyse vascular epiphyte richness and abundance in forests of different structure (SVERA). Epiphyte abundance is estimated as biomass by recording the number of plant components in a range of size cohorts. Epiphyte species biomass is estimated on 35 sample-trees, evenly distributed over six trunk diameter-size cohorts (10 trees with dbh > 30 cm). Tree height, dbh and number of forks (diameter > 5 cm) yield a dimensionless estimate of the size of the tree. Epiphyte dry weight and species richness between forests is compared with ANCOVA that controls for tree size. SChao1 is used as an estimate of the total number of species at the sites. The relative dependence of the distribution of the epiphyte communities on environmental and spatial variables may be assessed using multivariate analysis and Mantel test. In a case study, we compared epiphyte vegetation of six Mexican oak forests and one Colombian oak forest at similar elevation. We found a strongly significant positive correlation between tree size and epiphyte richness or biomass at all sites. In forests with a higher diversity of host trees, more trees must be sampled. Epiphyte biomass at the Colombian site was lower than in any of the Mexican sites; without correction for tree size no significant differences in terms of epiphyte biomass could be detected. The occurrence of spatial dependence, at both the landscape level and at the tree level, shows that the inclusion of spatial descriptors in SVERA is justified.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Virulence of Pythium Species Obtained from Forest Nursery Soils on Douglas-Fir Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry E. Weiland ◽  
Bryan R. Beck ◽  
Anne Davis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Pythium species are common soilborne oomycetes that occur in forest nursery soils throughout the United States. Numerous species have been described from nursery soils. However, with the exception of P. aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum, little is known about the potential for other Pythium species found in nursery soils to cause damping-off of tree seedlings. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of 44 Pythium isolates representing 16 species that were originally recovered from soil at three forest nurseries in Washington and Oregon. Seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were planted into soil infested with each of the isolates. Seedling survival, the number of surviving seedlings with necrotic root lesions, and taproot length were evaluated 4 weeks later. Responses of Douglas-fir to inoculation varied significantly depending on Pythium species and isolate. Eight species (P. dissotocum, P. irregulare, P. aff. macrosporum, P. mamillatum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum) significantly reduced the number of surviving seedlings compared to the noninoculated treatment. However, all Pythium species caused a greater percentage of seedlings to develop root lesions (total mean 40%) than was observed from noninoculated seedlings (17%). Taproot length varied little among Pythium treatments and was not a useful character for evaluating pathogenicity. Results confirm the ability of P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, and P. ultimum var. ultimum to cause damping-off of Douglas-fir seedlings, and are indicative that other species such as P. dissotocum, P. aff. macrosporum, P. aff. oopapillum, P. rostratifingens, and P. sylvaticum may also be responsible for seedling loss.

Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root colonization of Douglas-fir seedlings from British Columbia reforestation sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E Axelrood ◽  
William K Chapman ◽  
Keith A Seifert ◽  
David B Trotter ◽  
Gwen Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans

Poor performance of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations established in 1987 has occurred in southwestern British Columbia. Affected sites were planted with 1-year-old container stock that exhibited some root dieback in the nursery. A study was initiated in 1991 to assess Cylindrocarpon and Fusarium root infection in planted and naturally regenerating (natural) Douglas-fir seedlings from seven affected plantations. Percentages of seedlings harboring Cylindrocarpon spp.and percent root colonization were significantly greater for planted seedlings compared with natural seedlings. A significant linear trend in Cylindrocarpon root colonization was observed for planted seedlings with colonization levels being highest for roots closest to the remnants of the root plug and decreasing at distances greater than 10cm from that region. This trend in Cylindrocarpon colonization was not observed for natural seedlings. Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholten var. destructans and C.cylindroides Wollenw. var. cylindroides were the only species isolated from planted and natural conifer seedlings. For most sites, percentage of seedlings harboring Fusarium spp.and percent Fusarium root colonization were less than for Cylindrocarpon. Recovery of Fusarium spp.from seedlings and root colonization levels were not significantly different for planted and natural seedlings from all sites.

Contarinia pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Contarinia pseudotsugae Condrashoff (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Hosts: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany and Netherlands) and North America (Canada, British Columbia, USA, California, Idaho, Michigan, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document