MOISTURE STRESS AND FIR ENGRAVER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACK IN WHITE FIR INFECTED BY TRUE MISTLETOE

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
White Fir

AbstractXylem sap tension, an indication of moisture stress, was compared in foliated twigs of white fir infected by the mistletoe, Phoradendron bolleanum subspecies pauciflorum, and in paired, uninfected fir at the lower, mid-, and upper crown level. The upper boles were examined for fir engraver attacks. Reproductively successful attacks containing little or no host oleoresin were found in the infected fir, while only a single unsuccessful attack filled with oleoresin was found in the uninfected trees. Mean moisture stress in the upper crowns of most of the infected fir exceeded that in uninfected trees in all paired comparisons except one with a light infection. No differences in mean moisture stress between infected and uninfected trees were found at the lower and mid-crown levels.

ASSOCIATION OF SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND PHORADENDRON BOLLEANUM SUBSPECIES PAUCIFLORUM ON ABIES CONCOLOR

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1697-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Felix ◽  
B. Uhrenholdt ◽  
J. R. Parmeter
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Abies Concolor ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Low Precipitation

AbstractAttacks by Scolytus ventralis on white fir were correlated both with periods of low precipitation and with medium to heavy infestations of true mistletoe. Trees were seldom attacked when the "running mean precipitation" was above 54 in. Attacks were significantly more frequent and were often a year or more earlier on trees with substantial amounts of mistletoe. Broods were seldom produced, however.Data suggest that heavy mistletoe infestation rendered trees more susceptible to beetle infestation, possibly by creating moisture stress in infected trees.

Quantifying the value proposition for white clover persistence on a New Zealand summer-dry hill-country farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Mike B. Dodd ◽  
Katherine N. Tozer ◽  
Iris Vogeler ◽  
Rose Greenfield ◽  
David R. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The North ◽  
Farm System

The improvement in forage quality and quantity of summer-dry hill country pasture resulting from the introduction of clover is well recognised. However, ensuring the persistence of the commonly availablecultivars is challenging, in the face of seasonal moisture stress, intensive grazing, competition from established well-adapted pasture species, low soil fertility and low soil pH – conditions typical of the East Coast of the North Island. Here we quantify the value proposition associated with the introduction of white clover into a case study on a Gisborne sheep and beef farm, using a six-step process. A topographically explicit approach is taken, using an understanding of the underlying spatial variability, based on a combination of soil and pasture measurements, APSIM simulation modelling of pasture growth and farm system modelling of enterprise performance. We show that from a baseline of a typical low-fertility, diverse species hill country pasture, white clover introduction can increase spring and summer forage consumption by 17%, enabling inclusion of an additional 6-month bull finishing enterprise generating a 32% greater carcass weight production and leading to a 49% improvement in farm system EBIT. This represents a positive net present value of over $360,000 for the original investment in white clover establishment into existing pastures.

Low moisture stress influences plant volatile emissions affecting herbivore interactions in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram ◽  
Hanamant Shivalingappa Gadad ◽  
Saravan Kumar Parepally ◽  
Sridhar Vaddi ◽  
Laxman Ramanna Hunashikatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Stress Influences

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Mahara ◽  
Tomoko Ohta ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
Kazuya Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Root Uptake

Linguistic Distance and Translation Differential Item Functioning on Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Mathematics Assessment Items

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110105
Author(s):  
Semirhan Gökçe ◽  
Giray Berberoğlu ◽  
Craig S. Wells ◽  
Stephen G. Sireci
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Mathematics Assessment ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Linguistic Distance ◽  
Test Characteristic ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Country Specific

The 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) involved 57 countries and 43 different languages to assess students’ achievement in mathematics and science. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether items and test scores are affected as the differences between language families and cultures increase. Using differential item functioning (DIF) procedures, we compared the consistency of students’ performance across three combinations of languages and countries: (a) same language but different countries, (b) same countries but different languages, and (c) different languages and different countries. The analyses consisted of the detection of the number of DIF items for all paired comparisons within each condition, the direction of DIF, the magnitude of DIF, and the differences between test characteristic curves. As the countries were more distant with respect to cultures and language families, the presence of DIF increased. The magnitude of DIF was greatest when both language and country differed, and smallest when the languages were same, but the countries were different. Results suggest that when TIMSS results are compared across countries, the language- and country-specific differences which could reflect cultural, curriculum, or other differences should be considered.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and salicylic acid glucoside in xylem sap of Brassica napus infected with Verticillium longisporum

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Ratzinger ◽  
Nadine Riediger ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Petr Karlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Salicylic Acid Glucoside

scholarly journals Abscisic acid-inducible 25 kDa xylem sap protein abundant in winter poplar

Plant Root ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Furukawa ◽  
Yuta Abe ◽  
Hiroaki Mizuno ◽  
Kaoru Matsuki ◽  
Keiko Sagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Xylem Sap

Do informal reasoning fallacies really shape decisions? Experimental evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 104346312110336
Author(s):  
Lucie Vrbová ◽  
Kateřina Jiřinová ◽  
Karel Helman ◽  
Hana Lorencová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Informal Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fallacious Reasoning

Informal reasoning fallacies belong to a persuasive tactic, leading to a conclusion that is not supported by premises but reached through emotions and/or misleading and incomplete information. Previous research focused on the ability to recognize informal reasoning fallacies. However, the recognition itself does not necessarily mean immunity to their influence on decisions made. An experiment was designed to study the relationship between the presence of informal reasoning fallacies and a consequent decision. Having conducted paired comparisons of distributions, we have found some support for the hypothesis that informal reasoning fallacies affect decision-making more substantially than non-fallacious reasoning—strong support in the case of a slippery slope, weak in that of appeal to fear, anecdotal evidence argument defying evaluation. Numeracy and cognitive reflection seem to be associated with higher resistance to the slippery slope, but do not diminish appeal to fear.

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