LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON TOBACCO

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractLaboratory tests were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the various larval stages of Euxoa messoria (Harris) in Ontario to four commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner: Thuricide® 90TS, Thuricide®-HP, Biotrol® BTB 183, and Dipel. A field test was made to determine whether these preparations could be as effective as Dursban® (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) for control of this species when applied on the rye cover crop in spring.In laboratory tests first to third instar larvae that fed on rye leaves treated with all four B. thuringiensis preparations, were found to be susceptible regardless of the rates applied. Mortality of fourth to seventh instar larvae fed treated tobacco leaves was low. Thuricide 90TS and Biotrol BTB 183 as applied in the field for control of E. messoria populations were relatively ineffective as compared with Dursban.

FURTHER FIELD EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN ONTARIO

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractField tests were continued during 1970, 1971, and 1972 in southwestern Ontario to evaluate experimental and registered insecticides for control of Euxoa messoria (Harris) larvae on tobacco. Insecticides were applied before planting as broadcast applications to the rye cover crop or to the soil.Of 10 chemicals tested, chlorpyrifos, leptophos, and N-2596 (S-(p-chlorophenyl O-ethyl ethyl-phosphonodithioate) gave the most consistent control, and Biothion® (O,O′-thiodi-p-phenylene O,O,O′,O′-tetramethyl phosphorothioate) and methoxychlor gave variable control. Fensulfothion was slightly phytotoxic, and trichlorfon and Mobam® (benzo [b] thien-4-yl methylcarbamate) were ineffective in the present study. Supracide® (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with 4-(mercaptomethyl)-2-methoxy-Δ2-1,3,4-thiodiazolin-5-one) and Orthene® (O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoramidothioate) showed promise for control of E. messoria larvae.Levels of reducing sugars and total alkaloids in the cured leaves were unaffected by treatment, indicating that these insecticides had no effect on tobacco quality.

scholarly journals A 1-Year Study of Endurance Runners: Training, Laboratory Tests, and Field Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Galbraith ◽  
James Hopker ◽  
Marco Cardinale ◽  
Brian Cunniffe ◽  
Louis Passfield
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Endurance Runners

Purpose:To examine the training and concomitant changes in laboratory- and field-test performance of highly trained endurance runners.Methods:Fourteen highly trained male endurance runners (mean ± SD maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 69.8 ± 6.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed this 1-y training study commencing in April. During the study the runners undertook 5 laboratory tests of VO2max, lactate threshold (LT), and running economy and 9 field tests to determine critical speed (CS) and the modeled maximum distance performed above CS (D′). The data for different periods of the year were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. The influence of training on laboratory- and field-test changes was analyzed by multiple regression.Results:Total training distance varied during the year and was lower in May–July (333 ± 206 km, P = .01) and July–August (339 ± 206 km, P = .02) than in the subsequent January–February period (474 ± 188 km). VO2max increased from the April baseline (4.7 ± 0.4 L/min) in October and January periods (5.0 ± 0.4 L/min, P ≤ .01). Other laboratory measures did not change. Runners’ CS was lowest in August (4.90 ± 0.32 m/s) and highest in February (4.99 ± 0.30 m/s, P = .02). Total training distance and the percentage of training time spent above LT velocity explained 33% of the variation in CS.Conclusion:Highly trained endurance runners achieve small but significant changes in VO2max and CS in a year. Increases in training distance and time above LT velocity were related to increases in CS.

scholarly journals Predicting the durability of zinc coatings based on laboratory and field tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Mark Kovalev ◽  
Ekaterina Alekseeva ◽  
Nikita Shaposhnikov ◽  
Anton Povyshev
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Salt Fog

Galvanizing is one of the most common methods of corrosion protection. For the deposition of zinc coatings used such methods as gas-thermal deposition, thermal diffusion saturation in powder, hot-dip galvanizing, cladding, and galvanic precipitating during electrolysis. The hot-dip galvanizing is the most common method, which is used in construction, automotive and other industries. Paper presents the results of research of zinc coatings used in sea conditions. The aim of the work was to determine an acceleration factor by comparing the corrosion rate in laboratory conditions with the data from field tests. Laboratory studies were carried out in a salt fog chamber. Samples were periodically removed from chamber to build the dependence of the corrosion rate on the exposure time. Field tests were carried out at the exploitation area. Result of the work is a guide that allows to predict the corrosion rates of zinc coatings using laboratory tests. The advantage of this test method is shorter time of exposure in comparison with field test.

scholarly journals BAKTERI ENTOMOPATOGEN SEBAGAI AGEN BIOKONTROL TERHADAP LARVA Spodoptera litura (F.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Deni Zulfiana ◽  
Ni Putu Ratna Ayu Krishanti ◽  
Bramantyo Wikantyoso ◽  
Apriwi Zulfitri
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Entomopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the agricultural pests that attacking almost all kinds of herbaceous plants, especiallyvegetables. Insect control using entomopathogenic bacteria is an alternative strategy that is effective and has a lower environmental impact than the use of synthetic insecticides. The purpose of this research was to explore entomopathogenic bacteria that have insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae at various stages of instars. The result showed that 25% of total number of isolated bacteria have potency as entomopathogenic bacteria. Isolate Staphylococcus sciuri strain BLSP-3 and isolate Serratia sp. strain BLSP-4 showed the highest larvicidal activity against the first and second instar larvae of S. litura 83% and 86%, respectively. The activity against on the third instar larvae however was only by 40%. However, the mortality caused by both isolates was lower than that of Bacillus thuringiensis (more than 90% mortality to the first and second instars and 80 % of the third instar larvae). It is suggested that both of isolates are potential to be developed further as a biocontrol agent to control S. litura population.

Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Development in Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Treated with Bacillus thuringiensis and Thiodicarb

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Atwood ◽  
T. J. Kring ◽  
S. Y. Young
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki and thiodicarb were evaluated in laboratory and field assays to determine the effect on tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (F.), and the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson. Laboratory trials were conducted using B. thuringiensis concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm and thiodicarb concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm in the diet. The test using field-treated cotton squares was conducted using B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb, independently and in combination, at rates recommended for resistance management in Arkansas. Laboratory tests indicated that tobacco budworm mortality was directly related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentrations, although B. thuringiensis only significantly increased tobacco budworm mortality at the highest concentration of exposure in the absence of parasitization. Parasitization increased host mortality at all B. thuringiensis experimental rates after 6 and 14 days. Although host mortality increased linearly with increasing thiodicarb concentration, parasitization did not significantly increase host mortality over thiodicarb alone until day 14. Emergence of M. croceipes was inversely related to B. thuringiensis and thiodicarb concentration. In assays using squares from field-sprayed cotton, thiodicarb and thiodicarb/B thuringiensis mixtures provided significantly greater tobacco budworm mortality than did B. thuringiensis application alone. In addition, no significant advantage was determined for tank mixtures with B. thuringiensis as compared to thiodicarb application alone. However, neither B. thuringiensis nor thiodicarb, alone or in combination, caused a high mortality of early third instar tobacco budworm in the absence of parasitization by M. croceipes.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Bacillus species to larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis (L. & N.) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Wermelinger ◽  
José C. Zanuncio ◽  
Elizabeth F. Rangel ◽  
Paulo R. Cecon ◽  
Leon Rabinovitch
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

A study was conducted to compare the susceptibility of third instar larvae of Lutzomyia longipalpis (L. & N.) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the vector of the American visceral leishmaniasis to two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis, one strain of Bacillus sphaericus (all pathogenic to Diptera Culicidae) and a strain of B. thuringiensis ser. morrisoni (pathogenic to larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)). Larvae of L. longipalpis showed similar susceptibility to the two strains of B. thruringiensis ser. israelensis, while B. sphaericus and B. thuringiensis ser. morrisoni showed low and no larvicidal effect to this vector, respectively.

scholarly journals Design, Performance Evaluation and Field Test of a Water Jet Tool for ROV Trencher

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Li ◽  
Mun-Jik Lee ◽  
Hyungjoo Kang ◽  
Min-Gyu Kim ◽  
Gun Rae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Tool Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Sea Trial

ROV trencher is a kind of ROV which trenches the sea floor using a specifically designed tool and buries the subsea cables and pipelines. According to the soil conditions, this trenching method can have two different types, one is mechanical cutting and the other one is water jetting. In this paper, we present a water jet tool design method for a 2500 m depth-rated ROV trencher. A series of CFD simulations and laboratory tests with one nozzle, and a ground test using 1:6 scale jetting arm model were carried out to derive and demonstrate the jetting tool design parameters. In October 2018, the constructed ROV trencher was put into the sea trial in the East Sea of Korea to evaluate its final performances. In addition, in December 2019, the trencher was applied in a construction site to bury subsea water pipelines near the Yogji Island in the Korea. Through these two field tests and operation, the trencher was demonstrated for both its operational capability and trenching performance. The main contribution of this paper is that it presents the entire design procedures of water jet tools, including CFD simulations, laboratory tests, field test with 1:6 scaled jetting tool, and the final prototype tool design. These consecutive procedures are carried out in order for us to set up sort of relationship between jetting angle, trench depth, trench speed, and jetting power, from which we can predict and evaluate the trenching performance of the prototype jetting tool.

scholarly journals Two new Brazilian isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM. Fiuza ◽  
R. Schünemann ◽  
LMN. Pinto ◽  
MHB. Zanettini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Cry Genes ◽  
Velvetbean Caterpillar ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium used for biopesticides production and pest-resistant plants due to the synthesis of protein crystals by cry genes, which are effective in controlling several insect orders such as Lepidoptera. This work aimed at the evaluation and characterisation of two new B. thuringiensis isolates active against A. gemmatalis (Hübner 1818) larvae, which is the soybean major pest. The results showed that Bt117-4 isolate amplified fragments corresponding to cry2 and cry9 genes, and synthesised protein fragments equivalent to 130, 90 and 45 kDa. The Bt3146-4 isolate amplified DNA fragments corresponding to cry9 gene and synthesised protein fragments of 70, 58 and 38 kDa. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of protein crystals in both isolates. CL50 with Cry purified proteins from Bt117-4 and Bt3146-4, corresponded to 0.195 and 0.191 µg larvae-1, respectively. The two B. thuringiensis isolates selected in this study were effective to control velvetbean caterpillar at laboratory conditions. Field tests should be carried on to develop new biopesticides formulation as well for cry genes resource for Anticarsia gemmatalis resistant transgenic plants.

FIELD EVALUATION OF BLACKLIGHT AND SEX ATTRACTANT TRAPS FOR MONITORING SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN ONTARIO

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Cheng ◽  
D. L. Struble
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Euxoa Messoria ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractField tests were conducted annually near Delhi, Ontario from 1977 to 1981 to evaluate blacklight and sex attractant traps for monitoring adult populations of the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), in the major tobacco-producing area. There were no significant differences between the catches of sex attractant traps set at 1.0 m and 0.5 m above ground level. Sex attractant traps were superior to blacklight traps for monitoring populations of this pest species. There was a variation in abundance from year to year, but the time of peak occurrence of E. messoria adults was the same in each of the 5 years.

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