THE EFFECT OF MALE TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON THE RESPONSE OF FIELD POPULATIONS TO SECONDARY ATTRACTION

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Nijholt
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Field Response ◽  
Secondary Attraction

AbstractThe strong attractiveness of logs infested with female ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), to the flying population was sharply reduced after the addition of males. The field response of T. lineatum was greatly reduced when air from logs infested with attractive females was mixed with air passing over logs infested with both sexes. The findings suggest that females keep producing the attracting principle in the presence of males. Males appear to reduce secondary attraction by producing a volatile substance(s) which may be anti-aggregating or repellent in its effect.

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
John H. Borden ◽  
Eveline Stokkink
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Tolerable Level

AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

A SURVEY FOR THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS RETUSUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A SAWMILL USING PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Shore ◽  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Baited Traps

AbstractThe pheromones lineatum and (+)-sulcatol were used in traps in a sawmill to survey the ambrosia beetles Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte) respectively. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns for both species were identified. This information can be used for the establishment of a pheromone-based mass-trapping program for ambrosia beetles. The addition of ethanol and α-pinene to traps baited with (+)-sulcatol significantly increased the catches of G. retusus.

scholarly journals Extremely low infection levels of pathogens and nematodes in Trypodendron spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
Rudolf Wegensteiner ◽  
Karolina Lukášová ◽  
Hana Vanická ◽  
Soňa Zimová ◽  
Magdalena Kacprzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
Midgut Lumen

Abstract The striped ambrosia beetles Trypodendron lineatum and T. domesticum are timber forest pests in the Palearctic region and North America. Because only a few pathogens are known for Trypodendron species, the aim of this work was to determine the spectrum of pathogen species of T. lineatum, T. laeve, and T. domesticum. Trypodendron species were collected in pheromone traps at nine localities in the Czech Republic, five localities in Poland, and one locality in Austria. In total, 2,439 T. lineatum, 171 T. domesticum, and 17 T. laeve beetles were dissected and examined. Infection was found in only two of the 17 specimens of T. laeve and in only two of the 171 specimens of T. domesticum; in all four cases, the parasites were nematodes. Parasitisation of T. lineatum by nematodes was found in T. lineatum at eight localities with a mean (± SE) parasitisation level of 8.1 ± 4.7%. A Chytridiopsis sp. was detected in cells of the midgut epithelium of one T. lineatum specimen, and Gregarina sp. was detected in the midgut lumen of two T. lineatum specimens; no other pathogens were found in T. lineatum. The low infection rates and the tendency for infection by nematodes can be explained by the monogamy of Trypodendron spp. and their feeding on fungi in short galleries that are not connected to the galleries of conspecifics.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR THREE SPECIES OF AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Lindgren ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
L. Chong ◽  
L. M. Friskie ◽  
D. B. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Forest Margin ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe optimal release rate of the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, for trapping Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) was 40 μg/24h. Sticky vane traps were more efficient than three other trap types for T. lineatum and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte). For G. sulcatus (LeConte), a multiple funnel trap was more efficient than a sticky cylinder trap but no better than vane traps or Scandinavian drainpipe traps. Placement of bait in the middle or bottom of drainpipe traps increased their efficiency in capturing T. lineatum and G. sulcatus. Multiple funnel traps and drainpipe traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, with an additional dispenser releasing lineatin at 30 μg/24h 1.5–2 m away from the trap caught more T. lineatum than traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, and were as efficient as traps releasing the pheromone at 40 μg/24h. Thus, the beetles respond strongly to the trap silhouette once attracted to its vicinity. In late April traps placed 15–25 m inside the forest margin caught more T. lineatum than traps at the margin, probably intercepting overwintering beetles before they left the forest. A few strategically placed vane traps among numerous multiple funnel or drainpipe traps are recommended for mass trapping of ambrosia beetles in timber processing areas.

THE SYMBIOTIC FUNGI OF CERTAIN AMBROSIA BEETLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi

The symbiotic fungi of three ambrosia beetles found in British Columbia have been cultured and identified. Monilia ferruginea Mathiesen-Käärik, Monilia brunnea Verrall, and Tuberculariella ambrosiae n. sp. are the symbiotic fungi of Trypodendron lineatum Oliv., Monarthrum scutellare LeConte, and Platypus wilsoni Swaine, respectively. Descriptions of these fungi are given and their phylogeny discussed.

A FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE PHEROMONES AND TWO HOST KAIROMONES OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLES TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM AND GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Shore ◽  
J. A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Treatment Site ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractA Latin square design field experiment using treatment, site, and occasion as main effects was set up in spring 1981 to assess the responses of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte) to traps baited with the pheromones lineatin and sulcatol alone and in combination with each other and with ethanol plus α-pinene. Addition of sulcatol to either lineatin or lineatin plus ethanol plus α-pinene resulted in significantly reduced catches of T. lineatum. Addition of ethanol plus α-pinene to sulcatol or lineatin resulted in significantly greater catches of both sexes of G. sulcatus and T. lineatum. These results suggest that separate traps be set out for each species in mass trapping suppression programs in timber processing areas and that ethanol and α-pinene be included with the pheromone to maximize catches of both of these ambrosia beetle species.

Field Studies on Flight Patterns and Olfactory Responses of Ambrosia Beetles in Douglas-fir Forests of Western Oregon

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rudinsky ◽  
G. E. Daterman
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sexually Mature

AbstractThe flight of the ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), Gnathotrichus sulcatus Lec. and G. retusus Lec., revealed distinct diurnal and seasonal patterns that were influenced by environmental factors, particularly temperature, wind, and daylight. While Trypodendron flies during the entire day when the temperature is favorable, the Gnathotrichus species exhibit a peak of flight at dusk. The temperature thresholds of emergence and initiation of flight for Trypodendron and the threshold for flight of Gnathotrichus were established.The substance responsible for mass attraction of Trypodendron, after the initial invasion of a few pioneer beetles, was found to be a species-specific sex pheromone produced by sexually mature females after entering the host. The pheromone has been concentrated from the female borings in the laboratory, and when released in the field it caused the beetles to respond. Both species of Gnathotrichus, on the other hand, responded to the borings produced by female beetles of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins and to the extract prepared in alcohol. This fact suggests possible use of these substances in control of these ambrosia beetles.

THE EFFECT OF MATING AND THE PRESENCE OF THE MALE AMBROSIA BEETLE, TRYPODENDRON LINEATUM, ON "SECONDARY" ATTRACTION

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 894-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Nijholt
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Secondary Attraction

AbstractThe "secondary" attraction occurring after log attack by the female ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.), and the reduction in attractiveness after males arrive on the log are not dependent directly on mating. The reduction seems to be associated with the males’ presence, which suggests that they produce a masking substance.

Suppression of Gnathotrichussulcatus with sulcatol-baited traps in a commercial sawmill and notes on the occurrence of G. retusus and Trypodendronlineatum

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
Secondary Attraction

Sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol), population aggregation pheromone for Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), was deployed in traps at three locations in a commercial sawmill at Chemainus, B.C., during 1975. Traps were baited full time in one location and for alternate biweekly periods in the other two. Unbaited traps were operated continuously in a control location. Freshly sawn lumber was set out at weekly intervals in each location and numbers of attacks on this and other lumber, as well as the number of beetles caught on traps, were monitored weekly. After a mill shutdown (July through October), the number of beetles captured steadily decreased, probably because of diminished input of beetles in field-attacked logs. Suppression ratios (number of beetles caught on traps: (number of estimated beetles in lumber + number caught on traps)) were highest (0.70 and 0.87 for male and female beetles, respectively) in the continuously baited location and indicated that sulcatol-baited traps have good potential in suppression of mill populations of G. sulcatus. Lumber was most severely attacked 2–4 weeks after sawmilling, suggesting development of and subsequent decrease in primary and secondary attraction. Significantly greater attack on lumber next to sulcatol-baited traps than on more distant lumber indicated that male beetles were attracted to the area of a trap but not necessarily to the point source of the pheromone. Mean percentage moisture of attacked boards was 62.3, while that of adjacent unattacked boards was 46.6. Boards attacked in July had a mean percentage moisture of 26.0 when sampled in September and no longer contained beetles. The first verified attacks of freshly sawn lumber by Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) and G. retusus (LeConte) are recorded. Future control of G. sulcatus in sawmills may use sulcatol-baited traps, placed next to piles of attractive fresh slabbing which could be colonized by beetles not captured in the traps, and which subsequently could be removed and processed into pulp chips.

scholarly journals Nutrient-Poor Breeding Substrates of Ambrosia Beetles Are Enriched With Biologically Important Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lehenberger ◽  
Nina Foh ◽  
Axel Göttlein ◽  
Diana Six ◽  
Peter H. W. Biedermann
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Ambrosia Fungi ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

Fungus-farming within galleries in the xylem of trees has evolved independently in at least twelve lineages of weevils (Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae) and one lineage of ship-timber beetles (Lymexylidae). Jointly these are termed ambrosia beetles because they actively cultivate nutritional “ambrosia fungi” as their main source of food. The beetles are obligately dependent on their ambrosia fungi as they provide them a broad range of essential nutrients ensuring their survival in an extremely nutrient-poor environment. While xylem is rich in carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), various elements essential for fungal and beetle growth, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are extremely low in concentration. Currently it remains untested how both ambrosia beetles and their fungi meet their nutritional requirements in this habitat. Here, we aimed to determine for the first time if galleries of ambrosia beetles are generally enriched with elements that are rare in uncolonized xylem tissue and whether these nutrients are translocated to the galleries from the xylem by the fungal associates. To do so, we examined natural galleries of three ambrosia beetle species from three independently evolved farming lineages, Xyleborinus saxesenii (Scolytinae: Xyleborini), Trypodendron lineatum (Scolytinae: Xyloterini) and Elateroides dermestoides (Lymexylidae), that cultivate unrelated ambrosia fungi in the ascomycete orders Ophiostomatales, Microascales, and Saccharomycetales, respectively. Several elements, in particular Ca, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, and S, were present in high concentrations within the beetles’ galleries but available in only very low concentrations in the surrounding xylem. The concentration of elements was generally highest with X. saxesenii, followed by T. lineatum and E. dermestoides, which positively correlates with the degree of sociality and productivity of brood per gallery. We propose that the ambrosia fungal mutualists are translocating essential elements through their hyphae from the xylem to fruiting structures they form on gallery walls. Moreover, the extremely strong enrichment observed suggests recycling of these elements from the feces of the insects, where bacteria and yeasts might play a role.

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