THE AEDES MOSQUITOES OF NEW ENGLAND (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE): II. LARVAE: KEYS TO INSTARS, AND TO SPECIES EXCLUSIVE OF FIRST INSTAR

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
First Instar

AbstractThe last three larval instars of each of the 25 species of mosquitoes reported from New England have, with very few exceptions, been studied. Characters useful in separating the larval instars of Aedes are discussed, and a key to differentiate the four larval instars, regardless of species, is presented. By making use of characters constant in all instars of a species, and by noting variations between and within instars, a key is presented which should permit the identification of most New England Aedes material, mounted or unmounted, in any of the final three larval instars.

The Hydraenidae of Cuba (Insecta: Coleoptera) II: Morphology of preimaginal stages of six species and notes on their biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4238 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT DELER-HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
JUAN A. DELGADO
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Preimaginal stages of the six species of Hydraenidae presently known from Cuba were obtained by rearing adults in the laboratory. Eggs of Hydraena perkinsi Spangler, 1980, H. decui Spangler, 1980 and H. franklyni Deler-Hernández & Delgado, 2012 are described and illustrated for the first time. The first instar larva of Gymnochthebius fossatus (LeConte, 1855) is redescribed, adding some new remarkable morphological characters including what could be the first abdominal egg-burster reported for this family. All larval instars of H. perkinsi, H. guadelupensis Orchymont, 1923 and Ochthebius attritus LeConte, 1878 are described and illustrated for the first time, with a special emphasis on their chaetotaxy. The second instar larva of G. fossatus along with first and third instar larvae of H. decui and H. franklyni are also studied for the first time. The pupal morphology and vestiture of a species belonging to the genus Hydraena are described for the first time, based on the pupa of H. perkinsi. Biological notes for several preimaginal stages of the studied species are also given. 

CHAETOPHLEPSIS NASELLENSIS, A DIPTEROUS PARASITOID OF THE WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128
Author(s):  
Richard D. Medley ◽  
V. M. Carolin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Western Hemlock Looper ◽  
Lambdina Fiscellaria Lugubrosa ◽  
Hemlock Looper

AbstractPreserved material from 1962 field studies provided information on the habits and morphology of the tachinid parasitoid Chaetophlepsis nasellensis Reinhard. Parasitization of the larvae of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), continues over a 30- to 40-day period. Maggots issue from the host larvae and drop to the ground to pupate. The pupae normally overwinter, with adults emerging the following spring or summer. The early first-instar larva differs markedly from the late first-instar. The three instars can be distinguished on the basis of body length and the structure and form of the buccopharyngeal apparatus. The first and third larval instars and the puparium are distinctive enough to permit easy identification during studies of the western hemlock looper and associated loopers.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WILLOW BEAKED GALL MIDGE, MAYETIOLA RIGIDAE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN MICHIGAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Salix Discolor

AbstractThe willow beaked gall midge, Mayetiola rigidae (Osten Sacken), is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge from bud galls on Salix discolor Mühl. and other willows on mornings of warm days in early April. Eggs are laid singly on or near the buds of the host. Head capsule measurements indicate three larval instars. The last two instars each possess a spatula. The first-instar larva emerges in late April and penetrates the soft bud tissues. The gall begins to develop at the beginning of the second instar in mid-May. The third instar appears in early July and continues to enlarge the gall until fall. Prior to overwintering, the larva lines the inner chamber of the gall with silk and constructs one to seven silken septa across the passageway. Pupation occurs in mid-March. The gall deforms the stem and occasionally a galled branch dies or breaks off.

Larval respiratory systems of two anthomyiid flies, Delia radicum and Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Biron ◽  
D. Coderre ◽  
S. Fournet ◽  
J.P. Nénon ◽  
J. Le Lannic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Delia Antiqua ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Respiratory Systems

AbstractThe first-instar larvae of Delia radicum (L.) and Delia antiqua (Meigen) enter host plants to feed in galleries. These galleries can be filled by a liquid resulting from the putrefaction of the host. In this study, we show that D. radicum and D. antiqua larvae have a metapneustic respiratory system in the first instar and an amphipneustic respiratory system in the second instar, as observed in the majority of cyclorrhaphous Diptera. In addition, we observed four spatulate, ramified structures on the postabdominal spiracles in all three larval instars. We propose that these structures facilitate gas exchange (CO2 and O2), especially in the first-instar larvae when they feed in liquid-filled galleries.

The postembryonic development of the indirect flight muscles in Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) (Hemiptera: Corixidae)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. E. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Adult Muscle ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Flight Muscles

The postembryonic development of the mesothoracic indirect flight muscles of Cenocorixa bifida is described and compared with the corresponding development in a terrestrial hemipteran, Oncopeltus fasciatus. The early development in the first four larval instars in the two insects is very similar, since the dorsolongitudinal muscles of the first instar disappear, and are replaced in later instars by new muscles that function in the adult.C. bifida emerges as an adult with the indirect flight muscles in a juvenile condition, this being the result of a developmental arrest that takes place within a few hours of the adult molt. The non-flying form of this corixid is shown to have muscles with juvenile characteristics, and it is concluded that this form represents a permanent retention of the teneral adult muscle condition. The muscle structure of the non-flying morph is not the result of degeneration of the indirect flight musculature in the adult.By comparison with other developmental systems, it is suggested that the developmental arrest in C. bifida results from a lack of mRNA. It is suggested that the arrest is hormone regulated.The non-flying morph of C. bifida is compared with the non-flying forms of other aquatic Heteroptera, and reference is made to the tracheoparenchymatous organ that has been described in these species.

OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOR AND THE EGG OF ACROCERA ORBICULA (FAB.) (DIPTERA: ACROCERIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Ralley
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Book Lungs ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Internal Parasites

The larvae of all known species of Acroceridae are internal parasites of spiders (Araneae) and recently (Sferra 1986), first-instar larvae have been described from mites (Acari). The eggs usually are laid in close proximity to their hosts, and the first-instar larvae (planidia) wait for, or actively seek, a host. Once a host is found, the larvae burrow through the spider's integument and attach to the book lungs where they remain in diapause for several months. The consecutive larval instars occur rapidly, during which time the larva consumes most of the liquid contents of the host. The larvae emerge posteriorly from the host, attach to the spider silk for pupation, and adults emerge in 7–10 days. Acrocerid biology was most recently reviewed by Schlinger (1969, 1981).

Larval morphology of the Palaearctic genera Deronectes Sharp and Scarodytes Gozis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with implications for the phylogeny of the Deronectes-group of genera

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Statistical Support

AbstractDescription of larval instars of Deronectes depressicollis Rosenhauer 1856, D. lareynii (Fair-maire 1858), D. latus (Stephens 1829), D. aubei (Mulsant 1843), and Scarodytes halensis (Fabricius 1787) is presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal scgment and urogomphi. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 genera of the tribe Hydroporini, based on 22 larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. Three of the branches of the strict consensus tree have a statistical support greater than 60% according to the Parsimony Jackknifer. One of the supported clades is Antiporus Sharp + Nebrioporus Régimbart + Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne + Oreodytes Seidlitz + Stictotarsus Zimmermann + Scarodytes Gozis, of which the sister-group is the genus Deronectes Sharp. Consequently larval characters, in contrast to adult characters support the inclusion of Antiporus, Neonectes and Oreodytes in the Deronectes-group of genera. All members of this clade are characterized by: (i) presence of an occipital suture in first instar, (ii) presence of a constriction at level of occipital suture, (iii) absence of maxillary cardo, and (iv) insertion of the primary seta MX I on the maxillary stipes. Scarodytes is postulated to share a monophyletic origin with Nebrioporus, Stictotarsus, and Antiporus based on (i) the presence of natatory setae on femora, tibiae, and tarsi and (ii) the shape of the urogomphomere I which is more than 3.10 times longer than urogomphomere 2.

DEVELOPMENT OF TIPHODYTES GERRIPHAGUS (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) IN LIMNOPORUS DISSORTIS EGGS (HEMIPTERA: GERRIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Mandible Length

AbstractInvestigations of preimaginal development in Tiphodytes gerriphagus Marchal reveal two larval instars, based on counting exuviae and comparing mandible length during development within Limnoporus dissortis Drake & Harris eggs. Tiphodytes gerriphagus eggs are stalked, as is typical of scelionids, and are 282.6 ± 3.48 μm (mean ± SE) long. The chorion ruptures at 8–9 h postoviposition and releases a nonfeeding embryo into the host. Feeding begins at 18–20 h postoviposition, after the embryonic cuticle is shed and a fully differentiated and active larva is released. The first larval stage is teleaform and lasted up to 5 days postoviposition, and its total length increased from 183.6 ± 3.35 to 517.0 ± 14.67 μm. The second larval stage is hymenopteriform and lasted from 5 to 13 days postoviposition, and grew from 920.2 ± 24.65 to 1352.4 ± 11.89 μm total length before pupating. The pupal period lasted about 11 days, with male pupae being shorter and thinner than female pupae. These findings differ from previous descriptions of T. gerriphagus, and it is suspected that the first instar was mistakenly divided into two stadia. The sex ratio under laboratory conditions was female biased (22% males), and males were smaller but did not emerge significantly earlier than females.

scholarly journals Morphology of immature stages of Helophorus (Gephelophorus) auriculatus (Coleoptera, Helophoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke N. Minoshima ◽  
Reiya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Head Capsule ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Egg Case ◽  
Morphological Transformations

The morphology of immature stages of Helophorus (Gephelophorus) auriculatus Sharp, 1884 is described. This is the first description of the larva and pupa of the subgenus Gephelophorus Sharp, 1915. We describe the morphology of the egg-case, all larval stages (first to third instar, including chaetotaxy of the head) and pupa. Morphological transformations between larval instars were examined. Head chaetotaxy was nearly identical between instars. Ventral teeth on the nasale, considered as a useful taxonomic character, were absent in the first instar but well developed in later instars. Chaetotaxy differed among the subgenera Gephelophorus, Helophorus and Lihelophorus in the length and shape of setae on head capsule and maxilla. Pupal morphology was similar to that of previously described pupae: H. (Helophorus) aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and H. (Rhopalohelophorus) orientalis Motschulsky, 1860. A key to families of the Hydrophiloidea of Japan based on larval characters is provided.

Behavior of Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae and pupae in direct-current electric fields

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Field Strengths

Larval instars and pupae of Aedes aegypti (L.) were subjected to direct-current electrical fields of 0.1–13.44 V per centimeter and 0.0106–1.06 mA per square centimeter. In general, when field strengths reached a certain level more larvae were attracted to the cathode than to the anode. As field strengths were increased, this reaction was reversed and then as they were further increased the cathode again exerted the greater attraction. Maximum numbers attracted to either anode in 20 min were first instar 80%, second instar 62%, third instar 86%, fourth instar 72%, and pupae 82%. No explanation can be given for the changes in polarity of attraction and it has no counterpart in other work recording the behavior of aquatic organisms (mainly fish) in electrical fields, in which attraction was always to the anode. Change of effect caused by increasing the current while holding voltage constant was found to be due to the larvae absorbing NaCl via the anal gills and thus changing their resistance. At the higher field strengths some paralysis was caused, varying from temporary to lethal.

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