COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THREE SPECIES OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE): II. TRAIL FORMATION AND GROUP FORAGING

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Group Foraging ◽  
Trail Pheromones ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Trail Formation ◽  
Group Travel

AbstractMethods of trail formation and organization of group foraging by the ants Formica obscuriventris Mayr, Myrmica americana Weber, and Crematogaster lineolata (Say) were studied under laboratory conditions. Each species was able to organize group travel to a persistent food source. M. americana and C. lineolata achieved this by using trail pheromones, the former species using these pheromones only to establish the trail and the latter using them in all stages of foraging. F. obscuriventris apparently did not use trail pheromones and each individual learned the route to the food independently.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Foraging and Recruitment Behavior in the Asian Subterranean TermiteCoptotermes gestroi(Rhinotermitidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Arab ◽  
Yara carollo Blanco ◽  
Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Trail Following ◽  
Trail Pheromones ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Recruitment Behavior ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

The present study investigated the trail-following behavior of the subterranean termiteCoptotermes gestroi(Wasmann Rhinotermitidae) under laboratory conditions. The results showed that workers were the first to initiate the exploration to the food source. When food was discovered they returned to the nest laying a trail for recruiting nestmates to the food source. In this situation, workers always traveled significantly faster when returning from the arenas. Both workers and soldiers were recruited to the food source; however, the soldier/worker proportion was higher during the first phase of the recruitment. When no food was available, the number of recruited nestmates and the speed on their way back to the nest were significantly lower. The results also showed that scout foragers always laid trail pheromones when entering into unknown territories, and that chemical signals found in the food could induce workers ofC. gestroito increase their travel speed.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on the Ecophysiological Differences of Two Green Tide Macroalgae under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e38245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
You Wang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Xuexi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Green Tide ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF THREE SPECIES OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE): I. PREY FINDING, CAPTURE, AND TRANSPORT

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
General Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

AbstractMethods of finding, capturing, and transporting prey by the ants Formica obscuriventris Mayr, Myrmica americana Weber, and Crematogaster lineolata (Say) were studied under laboratory conditions. Each species found its prey by random searching but once the prey was attacked by one ant a definite attraction was created for other ants in the immediate area of attack. C. lineolata and M. americana workers were also recruited by means of a trail laid to the nest. The number of ants attacking each prey varied directly with the size and general resistance offered by the prey. The worker efficiency in prey transport by F. obscuriventris and M. americana varied inversely with the number of workers involved. C. lineolata did not attempt to transport the prey but fed upon it where captured.

scholarly journals Suitability of Centella Asiatica (Pegaga) as a Food Source for Rearing Spodoptera Litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Laboratory Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Javar ◽  
Ahmad Said Sajap ◽  
Rozi Mohamed ◽  
Lau Wei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Daily Monitoring ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Abstract When conducting entomological research, it is necessary to have a sufficient quantity of the desired pest. One of the pests commonly used in research is Spodoptera litura. Mass rearing of herbivorous caterpillars like S. litura requires large amounts of a suitable food source. Hence, the use of an easy-to-grow host plant would be most practical and reasonable. Centella asiatica known as ‘pegaga’ grows easily, produces plenty of leaves, and is available throughout the year in Malaysia. The suitability of C. asiatica as a food source for S. litura was evaluated by studying the biology of this pest on excised C. asiatica leaves, under laboratory conditions. S. litura completed its whole life cycle in 29 to 35 days. The mean pupal weight and the average number of eggs laid by a single female were 0.341 g and 1,930 eggs, respectively. Daily monitoring of the larval development stages as well as analysis on the width of head capsules, revealed the existence of six instars during the larval stages of S. litura. The cumulative survival rate for immature developmental stages was 80%, while the stage-specific survivorship was over 90%. This study demonstrated the use of ‘pegaga’ as a suitable new food source for when rearing S. litura larvae in the laboratory.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

Further Comparative Studies on Ascites in Liver and Heart Disease

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Layne ◽  
F.R. Schemm ◽  
W.W. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Comparative Studies

A Reply to Kuder's Criticism of SVIB-KOIS Comparative Studies

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Arthur J. O'Shea ◽  
Mervin D. Lynch ◽  
Thomas F. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies
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