THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEED HYPERICUM PERFORATUM IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris ◽  
D. Peschken ◽  
J. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
The Status

AbstractBiological control attempts against the weed Hypericum perforatum L. in the interior of British Columbia are summarized. Three of the insects introduced, Zeuxidiplosis giardi Kieff., Agrilus hyperici (Cr.), and Chrysolina varians (Schall.), did not survive, and reasons for their failure are discussed. Two beetles, C. hyperici (Forst.) and C. quadrigemina (Suff.), are established and their population build-up in several areas is followed over a period of 15 years. The beetles reach their optimum effectiveness in different moisture zones but neither species is effective at the arid end of the H. perforatum range. A moth, Anaitis plagiata L., was released in this zone in 1967.

Effect of Temperature on Fecundity and Survival of Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffr.) and C. hyperici (Forst.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Low Density

Four colonies of Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffr.) and two of C. hyperici (Forst.) were released in 1951 and 1952 in the souvhern interior of British Columbia (Fig. 1) in the hope of duplicating the successful biological control of Hypericum perforatum L. in California. In 1956, Smith (1958) showed that though the colonies were still present, the weed had increased in all areas. By 1960, however, C. hyperici had greatly reduced the abundance of H. perforatum at Fruitvale (Fig. 2) while at Edgewood the beetle had disappeared. A colony of C. padrigmina at Edgewood had also disappeared and the three other C. quadrigemina colonies persisted at a low density without controlling the weed. For example, at Christina Lake (Fig. 3) a few beetles were found every year since release, though they had not always appeared in the sample plots. The annual fluctuations of the weed as indicated in the figure were probably of climatic origin as they were similar to those for the other areas. The most promising of the C. quadrigemina colonies was at Fife where, though there were few beetles in the release meadow itself, they were common on the slope below.

scholarly journals Forest Road Status Assessment Using Airborne Laser Scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Waga ◽  
Piotr Tompalski ◽  
Nicholas C Coops ◽  
Joanne C White ◽  
Michael A Wulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Forest Roads ◽  
The Road ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Forest roads allow access for silvicultural operations, harvesting, recreational activities, wildlife management, and fire suppression. In British Columbia, Canada, roads that are no longer required must be deactivated (temporarily, semipermanently, or permanently) in order to minimize the impact on the overall forested ecosystem. However, the remoteness and size of the road network present challenges for monitoring. Our aim was to examine the utility of airborne laser scanning data to assess the status and quality of forest roads across 52,000 hectares of coastal forest in British Columbia. Within the forest estate, roads can be active or deactivated, or have an unknown status. We classified road segments based on the vegetation growth on the road surface, and edges, by classifying the height distribution of airborne laser scanning returns within each road segment into four groups: no vegetation, minor vegetation, dense understory vegetation, and dense overstory vegetation. Validation indicated that 73 percent of roads were classified correctly when compared to independent field observations. The majority were classified as active roads with no vegetation or deactivated with dense vegetation. The approach presented herein can aid forest managers in verifying the status of the roads in their management area, especially in remote areas where field assessments are costly and time-consuming.

The Status of Coccinella septempunctata L. and its Varieties divaricata Oliv. and confusa Wied.

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sudha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Indian Station

A survey was recently undertaken by the author with Dr. V. P. Rao, Entomologist-in-charge, Indian Station, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Bangalore, India, for natural enemies of Adelges spp. attacking silver fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the North-West and Eastern Himalayas. In the course of this survey it was found that the coccinellids Coccinella septem-punctata L., C. septempunctata L. var. divaricata Oliv. and C. septempunctata L. var. confusa Wied, were three of the most common predators of Adelges spp. in both these areas. With a view to sending laboratory-reared material to Canada for trial against Adelges piceae Ratz., which is a serious pest there, large numbers of these Coccinellids were collected in the fir and spruce forests to provide breeding material.

scholarly journals The status of weed biological control in Vanuatu

NeoBiota ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Day ◽  
Sylverio Bule
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Weed Biological Control ◽  
The Status

The species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) introduced to North America for biological control of the cabbage seedpod weevil, and the first recovery of Stenomalina gracilis (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A.P. Gibson ◽  
David R. Gillespie ◽  
Lloyd Dosdall
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Ceutorhynchus Obstrictus ◽  
Pteromalus Puparum ◽  
Cabbage Seedpod Weevil

AbstractThe species of Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea) introduced to British Columbia, Canada, from Europe in 1949 as Trichomalus fasciatus (Thomson, 1878), Xenocrepis pura Mayr, 1904, and Habrocytus sp. for classical biological control of Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham, 1802) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are shown to be misidentifications of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848), and Stenomalina gracilis (Walker, 1834), respectively. Species reared subsequently from seedpods of Brassica spp. (Brassicaceae) in British Columbia and reported in the literature under the first three names are shown to be misidentifications of, respectively, Trichomalus lucidus (Walker, 1835), Mesopolobus moryoides Gibson, 2005, and one or both of Pteromalus puparum (L., 1758) and T. lucidus. There is no evidence that either T. perfectus or M. morys established in North America, but S. gracilis is newly recorded from southern British Columbia based on specimens reared from Brassicaceae seedpods in 2004 and 2005.

Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Brook Lamprey ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lethenteron Camtschaticum ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Lamprey Species

<em>Abstract</em>.—There are 11 lamprey species in Canada: Vancouver lamprey <em>Entosphenus macrostomus</em> (formerly <em>Lampetra macrostoma</em>), Pacific lamprey <em>Entosphenus tridentatus</em> (formerly <em>Lampetra tridentata</em>), chestnut lamprey <em>Ichthyomyzon castaneus</em>, northern brook lamprey <em>Ichthyomyzon fossor</em>, silver lamprey <em>Ichthtyomyzon unicuspis</em>, river lamprey <em>Lampetra ayresii</em>, western brook lamprey <em>Lampetra richardsoni</em>, Alaskan brook lamprey <em>Lethenteron alaskense</em>, American brook lamprey <em>Lethenteron appendix</em> (formerly <em>Lampetra appendix</em>), Arctic lamprey <em>Lethenteron camtschaticum</em> (formerly <em>Lampetra camtschatica</em>), and sea lamprey <em>Petromyzon marinus</em>. <em>Entosphenus</em> and <em>Lethenteron</em> were previously synonymized with <em>Lampetra</em>, but Nelson (2006) recognized these as three distinct genera. Conservation status has been assessed in only five species and in two of these (western brook lamprey and chestnut lamprey), only for portions of their Canadian population. The 2007 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada list indicates that the enigmatic population of western brook lamprey in Morrison Creek, British Columbia, is endangered; the Vancouver lamprey in British Columbia is threatened; the chestnut lamprey in Saskatchewan and Manitoba is special concern; the northern brook lamprey in Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec is of special concern in the latter two provinces and data deficient in the former; and the Alaskan brook lamprey in the Northwest Territories is data deficient. The threats to the four species at risk were collectively related to habitat degradation and loss, sensitivity to a catastrophic event, and sensitivity to lampricide used to control the invasive sea lamprey in the Great Lakes basin. Despite much lamprey work being conducted in the past decade, there still remain a number of knowledge gaps. These gaps include unequivocal evidence as to whether parasitic and nonparasitic members of a paired species should be considered distinct species and information on the distribution and population sizes and trends of the native lamprey species.

Guidelines for Introducing Foreign Organisms into the United States for Biological Control of Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayton L. Klingman ◽  
Jack R. Coulson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

Research on biological control of weeds in the United States began early in this century with the use of introduced insects to control the weed, lantana (Lantana camara L.), in Hawaii. The highly successful program for biological control of St. Johnswort (sometimes called “Klamath weed”) (Hypericum perforatum L.) in California by the use of introduced insects in the 1940's and 1950's caused increased interest in this approach to weed control. As a result of this increased interest, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) established two overseas laboratories to study arthropod natural enemies of a number of weeds that had been introduced into the United States – in Rome, Italy, in 1959; and near Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1962. The recent and successful use of an introduced rust pathogen (Puccinia chondrillina Bubak & Syd.) to control rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Australia, and the production and utilization of pathogens for control of weeds in the United States, has spurred further interest in biological control.

The Status of Forest Technician Training in Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
George A. Garratt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Technician Training

Stimulated most recently by the reorganization of the post-secondary education systems in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, the number of formal forest-technician training programs has now increased to 17, two-thirds of them two-year offerings, with several additional courses in prospect for 1969. Enrollments have shown a rather consistent increase over the past six years, as a consequence both of the initiation of 13 new programs during that period and of enlarged student bodies in the older establishments. The number of forest-technician diploma awards reached an all-time high of 472 in 1968, to give a ratio of 4.4 technicians per professional (B.Sc.F.) degree recipient. About two-thirds of the 1968 graduates who entered forestry work were employed by provincial agencies, approximately a fourth were hired by the forest industries, and the balance entered federal service.

Competition among juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): relevance to invasion potential in British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Volpe ◽  
Bradley R Anholt ◽  
Barry W Glickman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are routinely captured in both freshwater and marine environments of coastal British Columbia (Canada). Recent evidence suggests that this species is now naturally reproducing in Vancouver Island rivers. Our objective was to quantify the performance of each species in intra- and inter-specific competition by assessing the competitive ability of Atlantic salmon sympatric with native niche equivalent steelhead – rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Significant behavioural differences, particularly with respect to agonism, were observed between species; however, the status of an individual as resident or challenger was the best predictor of performance. Resident fish always outperformed challengers, regardless of species. Thus, we suggest that Atlantic salmon may be capable of colonizing and persisting in coastal British Columbia river systems that are underutilized by native species, such as the steelhead.

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