LIFE HISTORY, HABITS, AND DAMAGE OF A GALL MIDGE, OLIGOTROPHUS PAPYRIFERAE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), INJURIOUS TO PAPER BIRCH IN MICHIGAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractOligotrophus papyriferae Gagné is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge in mid-May and the females deposit small egg clusters on the underside of the leaf near the petiole of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). Larval eclosion occurs 1–2 weeks later; there are three instars. The larvae bore into and down the petiole and enter the stem or a bud attending the leaf base. Galls appear in early August. There are petiole-bud and petiole-stem galls, depending on which tissues are infested. Third-instar larvae vacate the galls in late September, work their way into the litter, and construct cocoons in which they overwinter. Pupation occurs the following May. Trees from 2 to 30 ft tall are attacked; lower branches are attacked the heaviest. Large galls kill buds, twigs, and entire branches. Small galls leave deeply indented branch scars and deformed limbs.

Life History, Habits, and Damage of the Boxelder Leaf Gall Midge, Contarinia negundifolia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractThe boxelder leaf gall midge is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge after the first few warm days in April, and deposit numerous eggs within the folded young leaves of boxelder (Acer negundo L.). Larval eclosion occurs a few days later, and gall development begins shortly after. Head capsule measurements revealed three larval instars. Third-instar larvae drop to the ground near the end of May, work their way into the soil, and construct cocoons. Pupation occurs in late August, and overwintering takes place in the pupal stage. Because oviposition occurs almost always on leaves in a certain stage of development and an estimated 50% of leaves will therefore escape attack, host mortality apparently cannot be caused by this insect.

Semiochemical-mediated aggregation of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron betulae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kühnholz ◽  
Regine Gries ◽  
John H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Enantiomeric Ratio ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Electroantennographic Detection ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

AbstractPorapak Q-captured volatiles from both sexes of Trypodendron betulae Swaine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) excised from newly attacked logs of paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marshall (Betulaceae), as well as volatiles from unattacked birch logs, were analysed by coupled gas chromatographic electroantennographic detection analysis. Active compounds were identified by gas chromatographic mass spectroscopy. The enantiomeric ratio of 6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol (linalool oxide pyranoid) was determined using a Cyclodex B column. Field-trapping experiments disclosed that the female-produced aggregation pheromone of T. betulae is a blend of the (3S,6R)-trans- and (3R,6R)-cis-linalool oxide pyranoid. Trap catches were synergistically increased when the pheromone was combined with both the host volatile ethanol and with conophthorin, which was found in female beetles as well as host volatiles. Use of linalool oxide pyranoid reproductively isolates T. betulae from sympatric Trypodendron Stephens species for which only (+)-lineatin has been identified as an aggregation pheromone.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WILLOW BEAKED GALL MIDGE, MAYETIOLA RIGIDAE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN MICHIGAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Salix Discolor

AbstractThe willow beaked gall midge, Mayetiola rigidae (Osten Sacken), is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge from bud galls on Salix discolor Mühl. and other willows on mornings of warm days in early April. Eggs are laid singly on or near the buds of the host. Head capsule measurements indicate three larval instars. The last two instars each possess a spatula. The first-instar larva emerges in late April and penetrates the soft bud tissues. The gall begins to develop at the beginning of the second instar in mid-May. The third instar appears in early July and continues to enlarge the gall until fall. Prior to overwintering, the larva lines the inner chamber of the gall with silk and constructs one to seven silken septa across the passageway. Pupation occurs in mid-March. The gall deforms the stem and occasionally a galled branch dies or breaks off.

A New Species of Thecodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Red Pine in Wisconsin

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Kearby ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
A New Species

AbstractInvestigations into the causal organism of late fall browning in Wisconsin disclosed an undescribed species of gall midge. The taxonomic description and a summary statement of the life history are presented.

scholarly journals Contrasting Release Approaches for a Mixed Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera)–Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Stand

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract Early release from competitors can be used to influence the species composition, quality, and rate of development of young stands. Release strategies can vary in intensity, ranging from complete removal of competitors and infrequent future entries (early, heavy, infrequent [EHI]) to lighter entries that are repeated more frequently (early, light, often [ELO]). It is unclear, however, which strategy is more successful for producing high-quality birch sawtimber (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) in mixed stands with aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). We evaluated the effects of various release intensities on the growth and mortality of a 16–18-ft-tall natural aspen–paper birch stand in Minnesota following density reductions from 1,500–3,000 trees ac−1 (trees per acre [TPA]) to 750 (ELO750), 500 (EHI500), and 250 (EHI250) TPA. After 6 years, paper birch was overtopped by aspen and contributed only 14% of basal area in control plots, but it occupied all diameter classes and contributed 77–87% of basal area in release plots. The basal area and volume of all paper birch and of only paper birch crop trees (100 largest TPA) were highest in lightly released ELO750 and lowest in control plots. Growth of mean quadratic diameter, basal area, and volume of paper birch was 2–3 times higher in release plots but independent of release intensity. Early release is necessary to maintain paper birch dominance, but there is no short-term advantage among treatment intensities. Long-term growth simulations using the Forest Vegetation Simulator suggest that merchantable timber production was unaffected by release strategy but that the EHI250 strategy produced the most birch sawtimber (40 times as much as in ELO750).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document