scholarly journals Dynamic Downscaling of Rainfall Data for Deduru Oya River Basin using WRF Weather Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
S. M. T. C. Samarasingha ◽  
M. S. Sandaruwan ◽  
D. S. Sampath ◽  
N. G. P. B. Neluwala
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Dynamic Downscaling ◽  
Weather Model

scholarly journals Inhomogeneity detection in the rainfall series for the Mae Klong River Basin, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamgir Khalil
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Series ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Standard Normal Homogeneity Test ◽  
Double Mass ◽  
Climate Studies

AbstractAn accurate and complete rainfall record is prerequisite for climate studies. The purpose of this research study was to evaluate the homogeneity of the rainfall series for the Mae Klong River Basin in Thailand. Monthly rainfall data of eight stations in the Mae Klong River Basin for the period 1971–2015 were used. The double mass curve analysis was used to check the consistency of rainfall data, whereas the absolute homogeneity was assessed using the Pettitt test, standard normal homogeneity test, Buishand test, and von Neumann test at a 5% significance level. The results of these tests were qualitatively classified as ‘useful’, ‘doubtful’, and ‘suspect’ according to the null hypothesis. Results of the monthly time series indicated the rainfall data as ‘useful’ for 75% of the stations, while two stations’ data were classified as ‘doubtful’ (Stn130221) and ‘suspect’ (Stn376401). On an annual scale, seven out of eight stations data were classified as ‘useful,’ while one station (Stn376401) data were classified as ‘suspect’. Double mass curve analysis technique was used for the adjustment of inhomogeneous data. The results of this study can help provide reliable rainfall data for climate studies in the basin.

scholarly journals Optimal Rainfall Estimation by Considering Elevation in the Han River Basin, South Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Sim Yoon ◽  
Deg-Hyo Bae
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Han River ◽  
Orographic Rainfall ◽  
Han River Basin

AbstractMore than 70% of South Korea has mountainous terrain, which leads to significant spatiotemporal variability of rainfall. The country is exposed to the risk of flash floods owing to orographic rainfall. Rainfall observations are important in mountainous regions because flood control measures depend strongly on rainfall data. In particular, radar rainfall data are useful in these regions because of the limitations of rain gauges. However, radar rainfall data include errors despite the development of improved estimation techniques for their calculation. Further, the radar does not provide accurate data during heavy rainfall in mountainous areas. This study presents a radar rainfall adjustment method that considers the elevation in mountainous regions. Gauge rainfall and radar rainfall field data are modified by using standardized ordinary cokriging considering the elevation, and the conditional merging technique is used for combining the two types of data. For evaluating the proposed technique, the Han River basin was selected; a high correlation between rainfall and elevation can be seen in this basin. Further, the proposed technique was compared with the mean field bias and original conditional merging techniques. Comparison with kriged rainfall showed that the proposed method has a lesser tendency to oversmooth the rainfall distribution when compared with the other methods, and the optimal mean areal rainfall is very similar to the value obtained using gauges. It reveals that the proposed method can be applied to an area with significantly varying elevation, such as the Han River basin, to obtain radar rainfall data of high accuracy.

scholarly journals Rainfall trend and variability over Opak River basin, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakhidatik Nurfaida ◽  
Hendra Ramdhani ◽  
Takenori Shimozono ◽  
Indri Triawati ◽  
Muhammad Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Sen’S Slope Estimator ◽  
Sen’S Slope ◽  
Slope Estimator

Rainfall intensity seems to be increasing nowadays due to climate change as presented in many studies of both global and regional scale. Consequently, cities worldwide are now more vulnerable to flooding. In Indonesia, increasing frequency of floods was reported for the past decades by The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB). To understand the rainfall changes, long-term trend evaluation over a specific area is then crucial due to the large variability of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution. This study investigates the homogeneity and trend of rainfall data from 20 stations over the Opak River basin, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A long-term ground observation rainfall data whose period varies from 1979 to 2019 were analyzed. Non-parametric Mann – Kendall test was applied to assess the trend, while the magnitude was calculated using the Sen’s slope estimator. An increasing annual maximum of daily rainfall intensity was observed at four stations on a 0.95 confidence level based on the Mann – Kendall test, while the Sen’s slope estimator shows a positive trend at almost all stations. The trend of heavy rainfall frequency was also found to be significantly increased, with only one station showed a decreasing trend. Furthermore, this paper also described the spatial and temporal rainfall variability. Positive trend was mostly found during the rainy season, while the negative trend occurred during the dry season. This could pose a challenge for water resource management engineering and design, such as water supply systems or reservoir management. Understanding this phenomena will benefit hydrologists in preparing future water resource engineering and management.

scholarly journals The Role of the Spatial Distribution of Radar Rainfall on Hydrological Modeling for an Urbanized River Basin in Japan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti P. C. ◽  
Tsuyoshi Nakatani ◽  
Ryohei Misumi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Applications

Recently, the use of gridded rainfall data with high spatial resolutions in hydrological applications has greatly increased. Various types of radar rainfall data with varying spatial resolutions are available in different countries worldwide. As a result of the variety in spatial resolutions of available radar rainfall data, the hydrological community faces the challenge of selecting radar rainfall data with an appropriate spatial resolution for hydrological applications. In this study, we consider the impact of the spatial resolution of radar rainfall on simulated river runoff to better understand the impact of radar resolution on hydrological applications. Very high-resolution polarimetric radar rainfall (XRAIN) data are used as input for the Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) to simulate runoff from the Tsurumi River Basin, Japan. A total of 20 independent rainfall events from 2012–2015 were selected and categorized into isolated/convective and widespread/stratiform events based on their distribution patterns. First, the hydrological model was established with basin and model parameters that were optimized for each individual rainfall event; then, the XRAIN data were rescaled at various spatial resolutions to be used as input for the model. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis of the simulated results to determine the optimum spatial resolution for radar rainfall data used in hydrological modeling. Our results suggest that the hydrological response was more sensitive to isolated or convective rainfall data than it was to widespread rain events, which are best simulated at ≤1 km and ≤5 km, respectively; these results are applicable in all sub-basins of the Tsurumi River Basin, except at the river outlet.

Rainfall Time Distribution over the Wuliangsuhai Eastern River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1143-1146
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Zhang ◽  
Rui Hong Yu ◽  
Yun Hao ◽  
Huan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Average Method ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Downward Trend

The 25 years of rainfall data in Wuliangsuhai eastern river basin from 1986 to 2010 are summarized and analyzed based on two statistical methods. The two statistical methods named moving average method and Cumulative Departure Curve are applied to make a conclusion that the rainfall in 25 years has a downward trend and the rate of change become high in new century.

Application of FY-2 precipitation data in meteorological drought monitoring of the Weihe river basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Yujuan Wang ◽  
Shudong Wang ◽  
Shengtian Yang ◽  
Yuling Zhao ◽  
Mingcheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
Weihe River Basin

The remote sensing data have become the irreplaceable source of data for the regions with little or without rainfall data, but these data also require scientific analysis, correction and application. This paper uses FY-2 rainfall data and the case studies of the droughts occurred in the Weihe River Basin from 2006 to 2009 to monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of climatic droughts. The monitoring results indicate that: (1) Except for 2008 which was a dry year, the other years in the Weihe River Basin had normal dry/wet conditions; (2) From October 2008 to January 2009, the rainfall was significantly reduced across the Weihe River Basin, and the continual rainfall was even less than 1 mm for December and January with a precipitation anomaly percentage lower than -80%, a sign of severe climatic drought. But the rainfall has improved since February 2009, when the precipitation reached 17.8 mm and Pa exceeded 100%, which helped to relieve the stress from drought resistance. A heavy precipitation continued for four months from June to September 2008, with the Pa exceeding 50%; (3) Due to the better temporal and spatial continuity than the ground-based meteorological observation, FY-2 precipitation data have good application prospects in the meteorological drought monitoring at a national or regional macro-scale.

scholarly journals Application of Remotely Sensed Rainfall Data in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling. A Case of Pangani River Basin, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Joel Nobert ◽  
Patric Kibasa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Average Method ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Satellite Rainfall ◽  
Areal Rainfall

Rainfall runoff modelling in a river basin is vital for number of hydrologic applicationincluding water resources assessment. However, rainfall data from sparse gauging stationsare usually inadequate for modelling which is a major concern in Tanzania. This studypresents the results of comparison of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)satellite rainfall products at daily and monthly time-steps with ground stations rainfalldata; and explores the possibility of using satellite rainfall data for rainfall runoffmodelling in Pangani River Basin, Tanzania. Statistical analysis was carried out to find thecorrelation between the ground stations data and TRMM estimates. It was found thatTRMM estimates at monthly scale compare reasonably well with ground stations data.Time series comparison was also done at daily and annual time scales. Monthly and annualtime series compared well with coefficient of determination of 0.68 and 0.70, respectively.It was also found that areal rainfall comparison in the northern parts of the study area hadpoor results compared to the rest of areas. On the other hand, rainfall runoff modellingwith ground stations data alone and TRMM data set alone was carried out using five Real-Time River Flow Forecasting System models and then outputs combined by Models OutputsCombination Techniques. The results showed that ground stations data performed betterduring calibration period with coefficient of efficiency of 76.7%, 81.7% and 89.1% forSimple Average Method, Weight Average Method and Neural Network Method respectively.Simulation results using TRMM data were 59.8%, 73.5% and 76.8%. It can therefore beconcluded that TRMM data are adequate and promising in hydrological modelling.

scholarly journals Analysis of Rainfall Intensity in Madiun Watershed, East Java

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muttaqin Muttaqin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Duration

The aim of the reasearch in the area of Madiun River Basin is to make and to analyze the Intensity Duration Curve (IDC) i.e. the curve describing graphically the relation between rainfall intensity and rainfall duration in a certain frequent period. Formulation used in the research was Talbot Formula and Ishiguro’s. In the drafting of Intensity Duration Curve it was used specific coefficient i.e by using the rainfall data of fifteen and sixty duration for both applied formulations. The IDC recorded has not mean difference because in both formulation was used coefficient of the same value. The pattern of the rainfall intensity occured directed toward Nort East. It was happened because of the moving clouds directed toward that course. Depression occured at the backward of Mount Lawu, exactly toward East.

scholarly journals Análise de não Homogeneidades de Séries de Vazão de Captações de Nascentes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Gramame, PB, Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Adriana Moura Martins ◽  
Hamilcar José Almeida Filgueira ◽  
Azamor Cirne de Azevedo Filho ◽  
Tarciso Cabral da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Henriques Da Silva Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The South ◽  
Perennial Springs

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Gramame, no litoral sul paraibano, apresenta diversas nascentes perenes de água com vazões significativas que atendem a comunidades locais para diversos usos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar quatro séries de vazões de captações de nascentes na região sudoeste da bacia e de dados pluviométricos, quanto à sua homogeneidade, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. A questão motivadora da análise foi a suposta diminuição das vazões de captação das nascentes por consequência da construção de estradas e desmatamentos em áreas do entorno dessas nascentes. Para a análise da homogeneidade das séries, foram empregados testes estatísticos para determinação dos possíveis pontos de ruptura e de verificação da estacionariedade. Foi constatado que houve ruptura em todas as séries de vazões analisadas.  Analysis of non-homogeneities of time series of flow in sources in the Gramame River basin, Paraíba State, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe Gramame river basin on the south coast of Paraiba State, has several perennial springs with significant flows that serve local communities for various uses. However, the construction of roads, in areas around the springs, and recent deforestation indicated to have caused the decrease in flows captured from sources in the basin. This work aimed at analyzing four data series of flows captured from sources in the southwestern basin and the rainfall data series searching to verify their homogeneity, between the years 2010 and 2013. To analyze the homogeneity of the series, statistical tests were used to find significant change points and to verify the stationarity. It was found that rupture occurred in all series of flow analyzed.Keywords: flow from springs, hydrometeorological time series, groundwater.

scholarly journals Development of Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Curves for Rainfall Prediction within the Middle Niger River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-397
Author(s):  
J. O. Ehiorobo ◽  
O.C. Izinyon ◽  
R. I. Ilaboya
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Idf Curves ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency ◽  
Best Fit

Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship remains one of the mostly used tools in hydrology and water resources engineering, especially for planning, design and operations of water resource projects. IDF relationship can provide adequate information about the intensity of rainfall at different duration for various return periods. The focus of this research was to develop IDF curves for the prediction of rainfall intensity within the middle Niger River Basin (Lokoja and Ilorin) using annual maximum daily rainfall data. Forty (40) year’s annual maximum rainfall data ranging from 1974 to 2013 was employed for the study. To ascertain the data quality, selected preliminary analysis technique including; descriptive statistics, test of homogeneity and outlier detection test were employed. To compute the three hours rainfall intensity, the ratio of rainfall amount and duration was used while the popular Gumbel probability distribution model was employed to calculate the rainfall frequency factor. To assess the best fit model that can be employed to predict rainfall intensity for various return periods at ungauged locations, four empirical IDF equations, namely; Talbot, Bernard, Kimijima and Sherman equations were employed. The model with the least calculated sum of minimized root mean square error (RMSE) was adopted as the best fit empirical model. Results obtained revealed that the Talbot model was the best fit model for Ilorin and Lokoja with calculated sum of minimized error of 1.32170E-07 and 8.953636E-08. This model was thereafter employed to predict the rainfall intensity for different durations at 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100yrs return periods respectively.

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