scholarly journals Control Method and Effect of Low Volume Pesticide Application to Mulberry Scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni), Using Mist Blower in Tea Field

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Daisuke MIYAMA ◽  
Osamu SUMIKAWA ◽  
Takuya ARAKI ◽  
Yasushi SATO ◽  
Chikara ISHIJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Tea Field

scholarly journals Broad spectrum pesticide application alters natural enemy communities and may facilitate secondary pest outbreaks

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Hill ◽  
Sarina Macfadyen ◽  
Michael A. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Pest Outbreaks

BackgroundPesticide application is the dominant control method for arthropod pests in broad-acre arable systems. In Australia, organophosphate pesticides are often applied either prophylactically, or reactively, including at higher concentrations, to control crop establishment pests such as false wireworms and earth mite species. Organophosphates are reported to be disruptive to beneficial species, such as natural enemies, but this has not been widely assessed in Australian systems. Neither has the risk that secondary outbreaks may occur if the natural enemy community composition or function is altered.MethodsWe examine the abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrate communities in an arable field over successive seasons under rotation; barley, two years of wheat, then canola. Two organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and methidathion) were initially applied at recommended rates. After no discernible impact on target pest species, the rate for chlorpyrifos was doubled to elicit a definitive response to a level used at establishment when seedling damage is observed. Invertebrates were sampled using pitfalls and refuge traps throughout the experiments. We applied measures of community diversity, principal response curves and multiple generalised linear modelling techniques to understand the changes in pest and natural enemy communities.ResultsThere was large variability due to seasonality and crop type. Nevertheless, both pest (e.g., mites and aphids) and natural enemy (e.g., predatory beetles) invertebrate communities were significantly affected by application of organophosphates. When the rate of chlorpyrifos was increased there was a reduction in the number of beetles that predate on slug populations. Slugs displayed opposite trends to many of the other target pests, and actually increased in numbers under the higher rates of chlorpyrifos in comparison to the other treatments. Slug numbers in the final rotation of canola resulted in significant yield loss regardless of pesticide application.DiscussionOrganophosphates are a cost-effective tool to control emergent pests in broad-acre arable systems in Australia. We found risks associated with prophylactic application in fields under rotation between different crop types and significant changes to the community of pests and natural enemy. Disrupting key predators reduced effective suppression of other pests, such as slugs, and may lead to secondary outbreaks when rotating with susceptible crops such as canola. Such non-target impacts are rarely documented when studies focus on single-species, rather than community assessments. This study represents a single demonstration of how pesticide application can lead to secondary outbreaks and reinforces the need for studies that include a longer temporal component to understand this process further.

scholarly journals Improving spray distribution and coverage on avocado trees in low volume concentrate sprays

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
R.E. Gaskin ◽  
D.W.L. Manktelow ◽  
H. Pak
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Spray Applications

Avocado trees in New Zealand orchards are planted on squares spaced 714 m apart with tree heights of up to 14 m Large trees present considerable difficulties with regards to pesticide application A series of studies was undertaken on 68 m high trees to optimise formulation prescriptions for airblast application of copper sprays Treatments included standard (up to 3000 litres/ha) and low volume (6001000 litres/ha) concentrate spray applications applied with the addition of varying rates of an organosilicone superspreader adjuvant Spray deposits were measured on foliage in the inner and outer sections of the lower mid and upper tree canopies Low volume concentrated sprays with the superspreader adjuvant added gave higher and more evenly distributed spray deposits on positions throughout the canopy than standard sprays Three times concentrate sprays were more effective than five times concentrate sprays because of the large canopy volume of the trees The adjuvant maximised coverage and evenness of spray deposits

scholarly journals Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Bacteria Against Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Elif Tozlu ◽  
Recep Kotan ◽  
Göksel Tozlu ◽  
Nasibe Tekiner ◽  
Önder Çalmaşur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Brevibacillus Brevis ◽  
White Peach Scale

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) (Hemiptera: Diaspidae) which has a wide host range, is an important pest causing losses in yield. The insecticides are used for control against this pest but insecticidal control is difficult as scales protect themselves very effectively with hard, waxy armor. Also, the negative effects of the chemicals used in the control against benefical insects and with the increasing awareness on environmental issues, alternative methods were sought. Therefore, this study was performed to develop an alternative and effective control method for this pest by using biocontrol bacteria Bacillus pumilus (TV-67C), Brevibacillus brevis (CP-1) and Bacillus megaterium (TV-91C) under controlled conditions. The death adult number of the pest was recorded and mortality rate was calculated. All of the tested bacterial strains showed mortality rates from 41.68% to 89.04% against the white peach scale under controlled conditions. Consequently, our results indicated that especially B. pumilus strain TV-67C and B. brevis strain CP-1 can be used as biocontrol agents of P. pentagona.

A metering system for ultra-low volume pesticide application

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
S.D. Johnson ◽  
L.K. Pickett ◽  
A.J. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Low Volume

scholarly journals A Comparison of Airblast and Air Assisted Rotary Atomizer Spray Technologies in Peach Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Reilly ◽  
Michael W. Hotchkiss ◽  
Kathryn C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Rhodamine B Dye

Pesticide application in peach (Prunus persica) orchards with a commercial airblast sprayer was compared to that of an air assisted rotary atomizer (AARA), low-volume sprayer during the 2000 through 2003 seasons. The two technologies were employed during early season petal fall applications, shuck split applications and standard cover sprays using phosmet, sulfur, propiconazole, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin and captan. Ripe fruit, picked 1 day prior to first harvest each season were rated for peach scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), insect (Hemipteran) damage (cat facing), and blemishes. Differences in brown rot, insect damage, and blemish ratings were not detected between the treatments for each of the four seasons. Differences were detected during the 2000 and 2001 seasons for peach scab, with the AARA sprayer plots having a higher incidence. Spray coverage was quantitatively evaluated with Rhodamine B dye by leaf rinses that indicated there was equivalent coverage for each application method. Phosmet residue detection on trees of the treated rows was also equivalent from each method. Phosmet off-target spray movement (drift) was reduced 59% one row away from the treated row and 93% in the fifth row from the treated row by the AARA sprayer compared to airblast sprayer drift.

Deposition and distribution of fungicide smoke particles detected with electron beam analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 198-199
Author(s):  
C. R. Krause ◽  
C. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

Low volume pesticide application technology is being used in various agricultural industries to lower application costs and increase efficacy of pesticides. Current methodology to discern the fate and behavior of fungicide particles produced by low volume pesticide application technologies is inadequate. Since low volume applicators generate particles from 1-15μm, direct observation of particle deposition is not feasible with light microscopy using fluorescent dye tracers or other impaction methods. Electron beam analysis (EBA), a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), offers a direct approach for evaluation of the deposition of fungicide smoke or fumigation particles due to the inherent resolution of the instrumentation. The theory is that knowledge of particle morphology and chemical composition can lead to identification of specific fungicide deposition.

scholarly journals Air-assisted boom sprayer and spray deposition on bean plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cesar Bauer ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Low Volume

The development of safe pesticide application techniques with low volume rates, frequency and spray drift, along with the need to obtain better control level of crop pest control levels, justify the air-assistance in boom sprayers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the spray deposition on bean plants with different nozzles and volume rates by air-assisted and non-assisted sprayers. A completely randomized experiment was carried out using copper oxide as a tracer (50% metalic copper) for deposit evaluation. The artificial targets were fixed on the upper and under-side of the leaflets, at the top and lower third of the same plants under the spray boom. After application, targets were washed individually with an extracting solution of nitric acid (1.0 mol L-1). The tracer deposition on the artificial targets was quantified by atomic absorption spectrofotometry. The effects of air-assisted spray were not significant in relation to spray deposition 48 days after emergence of the bean plants.

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