scholarly journals The Work System for the direct sowing of rice on dry land on Clay Ill-drained Paddy Field of a Large Lot. (3) A method of plant hasbandry for the rice by a tractor fitted with experimented iron row crop tires(provisional name is star-wheel).

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Yoshitada KITAKURA ◽  
Chikara KAGOSHIMA ◽  
Thutomu OJIMA ◽  
Tadatoshi IWATA
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Work System ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Direct Sowing

scholarly journals Effects of Contemporary Land Use Types and Conversions from Wetland to Paddy Field or Dry Land on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Junyu Dong ◽  
Shuping Ji ◽  
Miansong Huang ◽  
Quan Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and climate change. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of contemporary land use on SOC concentrations at 0–20 cm depths, and to investigate the dynamics of SOC in paddy-field soil and dry-land soil after their conversion from natural wetlands (20 and 30 years ago). We investigated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and other soil properties (i.e., moisture content, bulk density, pH, clay, sand, silt, available phosphorous, light fraction nitrogen, and heavy fraction nitrogen) in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands, fishponds, paddy fields, and soybean fields. The results indicated that the content of DOC increased 17% in constructed wetland and decreased 39% in fishponds, and the content of HFOC in constructed wetland and fishponds increased 50% and 8%, respectively, compared with that in natural wetlands at 0–20 cm. After the conversion of a wetland, the content of HFOC increased 72% in the paddy fields and decreased 62% in the dry land, while the content of DOC and LFOC decreased in both types. In the paddy fields, LFOC and HFOC content in the topmost 0.2 m of the soil layer was significantly higher compared to the layer below (from 0.2 to 0.6 m), and there were no significant differences observed in the dry land. The findings suggest that the paddy fields can sequester organic carbon through the accumulation of HFOC. However, the HFOC content decreased 22% after 10 years of cultivation with the decrease of clay content, indicating that paddy fields need to favor clay accumulation for the purpose of enhancing carbon sequestration in the paddy fields.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm with better seedling emergence under direct sowing in flooded paddy field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Direct Sowing

AbstractDirect sowing of rice in a flooded paddy field is a beneficial cultivation practice for water use and labour efficiency, compared to the transplanted cultivation. However, a drastic reduction in seedling emergence under flooded paddy fields is a serious constraint especially when the seeds fell at deeper soil layers. Suitable rice germplasm for the direct sowing in flooded paddy fields could ensure the success of this cultivation practice. Instead of laborious field-based screening systems, a pot-based screening method was adopted for simplicity and efficient evaluation of seedling emergence of a subset of world rice germplasm (n = 75) at different sowing depths. As a result, two rice genotypes, ‘Vary Futsi’ (landrace from Madagascar, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica) and ‘Dahonggu’ (landrace from China, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica), with consistently better seedling emergence were identified from a wide range of rice germplasm. These genotypes could serve as excellent parents for the breeding program in developing new rice cultivars with the improved seedling emergence in flooded paddy fields. There were no significant differences in the seedling emergence rate in flooded paddy conditions among the groups from various agro-geographical regions.

scholarly journals Study of Land Use Change from 1997 To 2014 Using Landsat Data In Bangli Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Nuranita Naningsi ◽  
Takahiro Osawa ◽  
I Nyoman Merit
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Bare Land

Bangli Regency is one of Regency in the Bali Province. The total area of  Bangli Regency is 52,081 hectares (9.24%) of total area of Bali Province (563,666 ha). The Growth and the development of the region Bangli Regency the positive impacts on the economy of the community, and the negative impacts on the environment. Land use change is one of the negative issue of development Bangli Regency. This study conduted the calculation of land use change from 1997 to 2014 using Landsat data in Bangli Regency. Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imageries were used to determine the land use map based, on using supervised classification method. The field data set the nine classes were classtuded based, on the classification were fresh water, bare land, forest, residential, bushes, irrigated paddy field, non irrigated paddy field, dry land and plantation. There results showed in land use changes from 1997 to 2014 that plantation increased (19,486.33 ha (36.89%)), and residential increased (1,872.00 ha (3.47%)), there is also a vast to reduction in dry land  (-10,868.90 ha (-21.21%)), forest (-6,333.34 ha (-12.24%)), irrigated paddy field (-1,619.50 ha (-3.17%)), bushes (-1,637.30 ha (-3.27%)), bare land (-63.00 ha (-0.17%)), non irrigated paddy field (-113.59 ha ( -0.26%)) and fresh water (-2.70 ha (-0.05%). The results accuracy rate was 89.45%. Anslyse of land use showed that the significant decrease of plantation area in Bangli Regency hill due to rapid development of infrastrusture of tourism and extensive residential area has increased particularly in sub district of the Kintamani District.

scholarly journals Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Molecular Ecological Network

Irrigation has been applied on a large scale for the improvement of grain yield per hectare and production stability. However, the dryland-to-paddy conversion affects the ecological environment of areas of long-term dry farming, especially soil microorganisms. Little attention has been paid to the changes in microbial communities and the interactions between their populations in this process. Therefore, in this paper, the compositions and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were explored through a combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular ecological network methods using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS. The results showed that: (1) both the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi decreased in a short time, and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Olpidiomycota varied greatly. (2) Compared to dry land, the modular structure of interaction networks and interspecific relationships of bacterial and fungal communities in paddy soil were simpler, and the network became more unstable. A cooperative relationship dominated in the molecular ecological network of bacteria, while a competitive relationship was dominant in the network of fungi. Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial species in dry land and paddy field, respectively. Ascomycota was dominant in the fungal communities of both dry land and paddy field. (3) The change in soil environmental factors, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) and available potassium (AK), directly affected the soil microbial community structure, showing a significant correlation (p < 0.05). These environmental factors also influenced the dominant microbial species. Microorganisms are the most important link in the carbon and nitrogen cycles of soil, and a large-scale dryland-to-paddy conversion may reduce the ecological stability of regional soil.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI POLA TANAM DAN ALOKASI INPUT UNTUK PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Akhmad Musyafak ◽  
. Irham ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
. Jamhari
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Prices

The research was conducted in the district of Kubu Raya which is focused on swamp land. The purpose of this study are (a) optimizing the allocation of cropping pattern and input to achieve household food security and income maximum, (b) to simulate changes in input prices and output and its impact on cropping patterns, household income, and allocation of inputs. Location selected by purposive sampling technique taking into account the typology of land and type of overflow, whereas the primary data collected from farm households by simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with linear programming and sensitivity analysis. An important result of this study are as follows: (1) Optimal cropping patterns in swamp lands are as follows: (a) the type of SMA / A, paddy field: rice - rice, (b) the type of SMP / A, paddy field: rice - rice, and dry land: coconut, (c) type SMP / B, paddy fields: corn-corn, and dry land: fruit, (d) the type of SMP / C, paddy field: rice-paddy and dry land: coconut, (e) type bergambut / B, wetland : paddy-rice, and dry Ahan: coconut, (f) type bergambut / C, paddy field: rice-paddy and dry land: coconut, (g) the type of peat is / B, the paddy field: rice-paddy, (h ) the type of shallow peat / D, wet land: paddy-rice, and dry land: rubber; (2)  the optimal allocation of inputs consisting of family labor 166.74 day of man work/year,  rent labor 132.74 day of man work/year, seed of paddy 70.54 kg/year, Urea 189.28 kg/year, SP36 94.34 kg/year, KCl 56.35 kg/year, NPK 75.66 kg/year, organic fertilizer 65.99 kg/year, herbicide 8.62 lt/year, dan pesticida 2.29 lt/year; (3) the actual household income of Rp 2,200,000.00 / household / year, if carried out optimization of unconditional “food patterns of national expectations/FPNE” increased to Rp 3,883,234.87 / household / year and if there is a requirement of the FPNE decreased to Rp 1,285,839.37 / household / year. (4) the price of rice and corn prices are most sensitive to fluctuations. If the price of rice rose more than 5% or the price of corn rose more than 50% (cateris paribus) the optimal solution will change. Likewise, if the price of rice fell by more than 34% or corn prices fell more than 9% (cateris paribus) the optimal solution will change. (5) The simulation results show that the rise in input prices and output prices 10% did not alter the optimal solution. But the impact on household income increased by 37.87% (unconditional FPNE), and 114.37% (provided FPNE). Simulated 10% decrease in output price and input prices fixed, it does not alter the optimal solution, but the impact on the decline in household income by 152.15% (unconditional FPNE) and 459.49% (provided FPNE). Keywords: optimize, farm household, swamp area, food security, 

scholarly journals Farmer adaptation strategy in paddy field affected by climate variability in monsoon regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAYAN APRIYANA ◽  
YELI SARVINA ◽  
ELSA RAKHMI DEWI ◽  
ARIS PRAMUDIA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Planting Season

Apriyana Y, Sarvina Y, Dewi ER, Pramudia A. 2017. Farmer adaptation strategy in paddy field affected by climate variability in monsoon regions. Asian J Agric 1: 9-16. Adaptation of agriculture cultivation to climate variability and climate anomalies both in paddy field especially in monsoon regions is one of the strategies to minimize the impact of these two phenomena to reduce the economic loss, particularly for food security in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are: (i) to identify onset and cropping pattern in irrigated land, rainfed and dry land in affected area due to climate anomalies, (ii) to collect information on carrying capacity water resources and adaptation practices applied by farmers and, (iii) to identify strategies for farmers on irrigated land, rainfed and dry land in the region affected by climate variability. The desk work analysis and field survey were conducted in Serang District, Banten Province, Subang District, West Java Province and Pati District, Central Jawa Province, Indonesia. The study was undertaken in three cluster activities i.e. (i) correlation analysis of climate anomalies and rainfall, (ii) field survey and, (iii) analysis of onset planting season, cropping pattern, water availability, the best planting time and irrigation schedule. The results showed that the farmers in affected area due to climate variability could adapt by shifting the onset of planting season. Farmers in irrigated lands changed their onset around 2-4 ten-days period to October II - December II. Furthermore, in rainfed areas, the onset around 4-6 ten-days period was shifted to November I - January III. For dry land their onset around 6-8 ten-days period was moved to November II - February I. The cropping pattern rice-rice-palawija/fallow was applied on irrigated land. Furthermore, the pattern of rice-rice/palawija/fallow-fallow was carried out in rainfed. Finally, the pattern of palawija-palawija/fallow-dormant was performed on the dry land. Adaptation programs dealing with climate variability in Serang and Pati Districts varied more than in Subang District. In Serang and Pati, during the first planting season, farmers applied irrigation roughly 20%-30% of water pump from the river and during second planting season, farmers in Pati District used water from well-pump, as well as in Serang that can reach 100% of the application.

scholarly journals Land Suitability and Direction of Strategic Agricultural Commodities in East Kalimantan to Support the Development of the New Nation’s Capital of Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
NFN Sukarman ◽  
Erna Suryani ◽  
Husnain Husnain
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
The Republic

<p class="JSDLKatakunci"><strong>Abstra</strong><strong>ct</strong><strong>.</strong> The development of the new nation's capital in East Kalimantan must be supported with sufficient food supply. An Agricultural buffer zone must be provided as production area of food crops, horticulture, plantation, and livestock to suffice the food needs. The planning of landuse arrangement in the area required land suitability assessment for various agricultural commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide information of land suitability in East Kalimantan Province that support the development plan of the new capital of the Republic of Indonesia. Literature studies of the previous research in East Kalimantan Province are carried out by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development (ICALRRD), as well as other research institutions. Based on the researches by ICALRRD conducted between year 2016-2019, the land suitable for agriculture is quite extensive (7.7 million ha), mostly for dry land farming. It is classified as suitable (S) mainly for plantation, forage, dry land food, horticulture, and upland rice, especially rainfed paddy. Only a small part is suitable for swamp lowland paddy field or tidal paddy field. The efforts to develop the regions include: (1) the expansion of new areas called as extensification (E), and a little through intensification (I). Extensification is conducted by cultivating superior commodities on new opening land that were previously in the form of shrubs or swampy shrubs, and open area or pasture. The available area for extensification program in East Kalimantan is 2.728 million ha. (2) The intensification program is carried out through the development of commodities in the existing land by strengthening the application of land technology, water management, crops varieties selection and cultivation techniques covering 73.2 thousand ha.</p><p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Rencana pemindahan ibu kota negara ke Kalimantan Timur, perlu didukung oleh kawasan penyangga pertanian (tanaman pangan, hortikultura, perkebunan, dan peternakan) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Perencanaan penyusunan kawasan tersebut memerlukan data kesesuaian lahan berbagai komoditas pertanian. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi data tentang kesesuaian lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam mendukung rencana pembangunan ibukota baru Republik Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah studi literatur dari hasil penelitian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, baik yang dilaksanakan oleh Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian (BBSDLP), maupun lembaga penelitian lain. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian BBSDLP antara tahun 2016-2019, lahan yang sesuai untuk pertanian cukup luas (7,7 juta ha), terutama untuk pertanian lahan kering. Lahan yang tergolong kelas sesuai (S) sebagian besar untuk tanaman perkebunan, pakan ternak, pertanian tanaman pangan lahan kering, hortikultura, dan padi sawah tadah hujan. Hanya sedikit yang sesuai untuk pertanian padi rawa lebak atau padi pasang surut. Upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk membangun kawasan ini adalah: (1) melalui perluasan areal baru atau ekstensifikasi (E) tanaman perkebunan, pakan ternak, pertanian tanaman pangan lahan kering, hortikultura, dan padi sawah tadah hujan, pada lahan bukaan baru yang sebelumnya berupa semak belukar atau semak belukar rawa, lahan terbuka atau padang rumput seluas 2,728 juta ha. (2) melalui program intensifikasi (I) dilakukan melalui pengembangan komoditas di lahan sawah eksisting melalui penguatan aplikasi teknologi pengelolaan lahan, pengelolaan air, penggunaan varietas unggul, dan teknik budidaya, seluas 73,2 ribu ha.</p>

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