Natural CO2 Seeps Offshore Panarea: A Test Site for Subsea CO2 Leak Detection Technology

Mark Schmidt; Peter Linke; Stefan Sommer; Daniel Esser; Sergiy Cherednichenko

doi:10.4031/mtsj.49.1.3

Natural CO2 Seeps Offshore Panarea: A Test Site for Subsea CO2 Leak Detection Technology

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.49.1.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mark Schmidt ◽

Peter Linke ◽

Stefan Sommer ◽

Daniel Esser ◽

Sergiy Cherednichenko

Keyword(s):

Near Field ◽

Test Site ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Weak Current ◽

Volcanic Gas ◽

Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry ◽

Detection Technology ◽

Local Current ◽

Ground Truthing

AbstractDuring RV Poseidon cruise POS469 (May 2014), the distribution of pCO2 in the near field of submarine volcanic gas flares in shallow water depths down to 50 m below sea level was continuously monitored using three different and independent methodologies. In situ nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometry, pH measurements, and onboard membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) were used to determine the fate of rising CO2 bubbles and the dissolved CO2 plume patterns in a 300 × 400-m working area. The In situ sensor carrier platform, a towed video-controlled water sampling rosette, equipped with CTD sensors, guaranteed excellent ground truthing of seafloor characteristics and bubble discharge. Sensor data and near-seafloor observations indicated that the gas bubbles (<9 mm in diameter, >97 vol.% of CO2) dissolved very rapidly within the first 10 m above seafloor. Bottom water masses enriched with pCO2 (up to 1,100 μatm) show low pH values (up to 7.80) and tend to spread rather downslope west than following the measured weak current in SSE-SSW direction. The 3-D evaluation of pCO2 plume is a valuable tool to back-trace the origin of CO2 leakage when compared with local current regimes, water column CTD data, and seafloor bathymetry. Seep sites offshore Panarea can be used for studying CO2 leakage behavior and testing measuring strategies in shallow waters. Moreover, this area is a naturally designed laboratory to improve existing physicochemical and oceanographic transport models for subsea CO2 leakage.

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Grimsel Test Site - Phase VI: Review of Accomplishments and Next Generation of In-Situ Experiments Under Repository Relevant Boundary Conditions

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1107-547 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1107 ◽

Author(s):

Ingo Blechschmidt ◽

Stratis Vomvoris ◽

Joerg Rueedi ◽

Andrew James Martin

Keyword(s):

Near Field ◽

Planning Horizon ◽

Test Site ◽

Low Ph ◽

Swiss Alps ◽

In Situ Experiments ◽

Grimsel Test Site ◽

And Migration

AbstractThe Grimsel Test Site owned and operated by Nagra is located in the Swiss Alps (www.grimsel.com). The Sixth Phase of investigations was started in 2003 with a ten-year planning horizon. With the investigations and projects of Phase VI the focus has shifted more towards projects assessing perturbation effects of repository implementation and projects evaluating and demonstrating engineering and operational aspects of the repository system. More than 17 international partners participate in the various projects, which form the basic organisational “elements” of Phase VI. Scientific and engineering interaction among the different projects is ensured via an annual meeting and several experimental team meetings throughout the year. On-going projects include: evaluation of full-scale engineered systems under simulated heat production and long-term natural saturation (NF-Pro/FEBEX), gas migration through engineered barrier systems (GMT, finished this year), emplacement of a shotcrete low-pH plug (ESDRED/Module IV), testing and evaluation of standard monitoring techniques (TEM).Numerous in-situ experiments with inactive tracers and radionuclides were successfully carried out over the past few years at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS). For the GTS Phase VI, three major projects have been initiated to simulate the long-term behaviour of contamination plumes in the repository near-field and the surrounding host rock:•The CFM (Colloid Formation and Migration) project, which focuses on colloid generation and migration from a bentonite source doped with radionuclides•The LCS (Long-Term Cement Studies) project, which aims at improving the understanding of low-pH cement interaction effects in water conducting features•The LTD (Long-Term Diffusion) project, which aims at in-situ verification of long-term diffusion concepts for radionuclidesAs Phase VI approaches its mid-term point, what are the next steps planned? The accomplishments assessed to date and the opportunities with the on-going projects as well as new projects – currently under discussion – are presented herein

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Evaluation of the Radiochemistry of Near-Field Water Samples at the Nevada Test Site Applied to the Definition of a Hydrologic Source Term

10.2172/15013573 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

D K Smith

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Source Term ◽

Near Field ◽

Test Site ◽

Nevada Test Site ◽

Definition Of

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Experimental determination of reflectance spectra of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102021000262 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Anna Belcher ◽

Sophie Fielding ◽

Andrew Gray ◽

Lauren Biermann ◽

Gabriele Stowasser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antarctic Krill ◽

Euphausia Superba ◽

Reflectance Spectra ◽

Spectral Signature ◽

Absorption Feature ◽

Scotia Sea ◽

Surface Ocean ◽

Measuring Surface ◽

Ground Truthing

Abstract Antarctic krill are the dominant metazoan in the Southern Ocean in terms of biomass; however, their wide and patchy distribution means that estimates of their biomass are still uncertain. Most currently employed methods do not sample the upper surface layers, yet historical records indicate that large surface swarms can change the water colour. Ocean colour satellites are able to measure the surface ocean synoptically and should theoretically provide a means for detecting and measuring surface krill swarms. Before we can assess the feasibility of remote detection, more must be known about the reflectance spectra of krill. Here, we measure the reflectance spectral signature of Antarctic krill collected in situ from the Scotia Sea and compare it to that of in situ water. Using a spectroradiometer, we measure a strong absorption feature between 500 and 550 nm, which corresponds to the pigment astaxanthin, and high reflectance in the 600–700 nm range due to the krill's red colouration. We find that the spectra of seawater containing krill is significantly different from seawater only. We conclude that it is tractable to detect high-density swarms of krill remotely using platforms such as optical satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles, and further steps to carry out ground-truthing campaigns are now warranted.

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Evaluation of Commercial Truck Parking Detection for Rest Areas

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198118788185 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2672 (9) ◽

pp. 141-151

Author(s):

Wei Sun ◽

Ethan Stoop ◽

Scott S. Washburn

Keyword(s):

Software Tool ◽

Vehicle Detection ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Early Morning ◽

Video Data ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Parking Space ◽

Ground Truth Data ◽

Detection Technology ◽

Rest Areas

Florida’s interstate rest areas are heavily utilized by commercial trucks for overnight parking. Many of these rest areas regularly experience 100% utilization of available commercial truck parking spaces during the evening and early-morning hours. Being able to communicate availability of commercial truck parking space to drivers in advance of arriving at a rest area would reduce unnecessary stops at full rest areas as well as driver anxiety. In order to do this, it is critical to implement a vehicle detection technology to reflect the parking status of the rest area correctly. The objective of this project was to evaluate three different wireless in-pavement vehicle detection technologies as applied to commercial truck parking at interstate rest areas. This paper mainly focuses on the following aspects: (a) accuracy of the vehicle detection in parking spaces, (b) installation, setup, and maintenance of the vehicle detection technology, and (c) truck parking trends at the rest area study site. The final project report includes a more detailed summary of the evaluation. The research team recorded video of the rest areas as the ground-truth data and developed a software tool to compare the video data with the parking sensor data. Two accuracy tests (event accuracy and occupancy accuracy) were conducted to evaluate each sensor’s ability to reflect the status of each parking space correctly. Overall, it was found that all three technologies performed well, with accuracy rates of 95% or better for both tests. This result suggests that, for implementation, pricing, and/or maintenance issues may be more significant factors for the choice of technology.

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Modeling of an in-situ diffusion experiment in granite at the Grimsel Test Site

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2014.632 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1665 ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josep M. Soler ◽

Jiri Landa ◽

Vaclava Havlova ◽

Yukio Tachi ◽

Takanori Ebina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Diffusion ◽

Test Site ◽

Diffusion Experiment ◽

Bulk Rock ◽

Disturbed Zone ◽

Mean Grain Size ◽

Grimsel Test Site ◽

In Situ Diffusion

ABSTRACTMatrix diffusion is a key process for radionuclide retention in crystalline rocks. Within the LTD project (Long-Term Diffusion), an in-situ diffusion experiment in unaltered non-fractured granite was performed at the Grimsel Test Site (www.grimsel.com, Switzerland). The tracers included 3H as HTO, 22Na+, 134Cs+ and 131I- with stable I- as carrier.The dataset (except for 131I- because of complete decay) was analyzed with different diffusion-sorption models by different teams (NAGRA / IDAEA-CSIC, UJV-Rez, JAEA, Univ. Poitiers) using different codes, with the goal of obtaining effective diffusion coefficients (De) and porosity (ϕ) or rock capacity (α) values. A Borehole Disturbed Zone (BDZ), which was observed in the rock profile data for 22Na+ and 134Cs+, had to be taken into account to fit the experimental observations. The extension of the BDZ (1-2 mm) was about the same magnitude as the mean grain size of the quartz and feldspar grains.De and α values for the different tracers in the BDZ are larger than the respective values in the bulk rock. Capacity factors in the bulk rock are largest for Cs+ (strong sorption) and smallest for 3H (no sorption). However, 3H seems to display large α values in the BDZ. This phenomenon will be investigated in more detail in a second test starting in 2013.

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In situ determination of porewater gases by underwater flow-through membrane inlet mass spectrometry

Limnology and Oceanography Methods ◽

10.4319/lom.2012.10.117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 117-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ryan J. Bell ◽

William B. Savidge ◽

Strawn K. Toler ◽

Robert H. Byrne ◽

R. Timothy Short

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flow Through

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Workshop Review: Joint DGG-SEG Scientific Drilling Workshop a success

The Leading Edge ◽

10.1190/tle40110837.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 837-838

Author(s):

Brandon Dugan ◽

Sebastian Krastel ◽

Laurie Whitesell ◽

Christoph Böttner ◽

Ulrich Harms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Geophysical Data ◽

Detailed Characterization ◽

Scientific Drilling ◽

In Situ Data ◽

Joint Workshop ◽

Geologic Interpretation ◽

Scientists And Engineers ◽

Ground Truthing

SEG and the German Geophysical Society (DGG) held their first joint workshop in early March at DGG's 2021 Annual Meeting. The workshop was part of a new cooperative aim between DGG and SEG to promote engagement between the societies, to foster growth in geophysics, and to expand the community of scientists and engineers tackling important geophysical problems. The 2021 workshop theme, “Scientific Drilling,” was chosen because scientific drilling provides access to rocks and fluids in the subsurface that are essential for ground truthing interpretations from geophysical data and geologic interpretation, for providing samples and in-situ data for detailed characterization, and for providing inputs to models. Consequently, the workshop aimed to attract interest across many subfields of geophysics.

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Emissions and Noise Pollution Diagnosis of a Turbogas Power Plant During Commissioning Service

Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/gt2010-23671 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norberto Pe´rez Rodri´guez ◽

Erik Rosado Tamariz ◽

Rafael Garci´a Illescas

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Cooling System ◽

Near Field ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

Point Of View ◽

International Standards ◽

Partial Load ◽

The City ◽

Permissible Deviation

This work is focused on the diagnosis of behavior, from the point of view of control emissions and noise level, of a power Turbogas plant during the process of commissioning, to guarantee that its operation complies with national and international standards. The environmental diagnosis of the power plant was developed as part of the performance evaluation of the unit. The conditions of the unit evaluation include operation at base load and partial load, as well as time periods for load changes. The evaluated power plant consists of an aeroderivative gas turbine installed in a simple cycle, operating with a cooling system (chiller) installed in the urban zone of Mexico City. Therefore, it should comply with the legislation and regulations of the city concerning air pollution and allowed noise, besides the international standards established by the manufacturer. The study includes emissions measurements using a Continuous Emissions Monitoring System installed in-situ, previously calibrated and checked during and after the test which was found inside the permissible deviation of 3%. Measurements were recorded at intervals of 5 minutes during test periods of 110 minutes for each load and 45 minutes for load changes. On the other hand, noise pressure evaluation was carried out in near field as well as far field produced by the power plant during operation. Measurements were carried out by using precision instruments installed specifically for it. A temporary system for obtaining data was used to monitoring the environmental conditions every 30 seconds. It was possible to verify that the turbogenerator complies with all noise levels and contaminant emissions requirements and regulations according to the limits established by the manufacturer and national and international standards.

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