Contaminant Transport and Spill Reference Tables for the St. Clair River

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Anderson ◽  
David J. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Potential Contaminant

AbstractThe goal of this work is to calibrate a real-time hydrodynamic model for spill tracking in the St. Clair River and to provide decision makers with information for response planning and in the event of a spill. In order to provide experimental validation data, three dye releases were carried out to simulate movement of a potential contaminant in the river. Measurements of dye concentration were used to provide estimates of lateral and vertical mixing as well as travel time of the dye cloud. Model simulations were able to recreate the dye movement and concentrations with model-estimated arrival times within 14 min of the observed plume arrival times and concentrations within 0.005 normalized concentration units of the observed concentrations (which ranged from 0.06 to 0.004).Following model calibration, a set of spill scenarios was chosen to encompass the types and locations of spills commonly experienced in the St. Clair River. These spill scenarios were then simulated with the HECWFS model to predict transport characteristics such as plume leading edge travel time, duration, concentration, and cross-channel mixing. Results from the scenarios were compiled into reference tables in which spill characteristics are listed at several downstream transects. These spill reference tables provide water intake operators with information before the event of a spill, enabling decision makers to plan for potential or common spills as well as providing a quick reference library that can be accessed immediately after a spill is detected to aid in mitigating the effects on drinking water supply.

scholarly journals 18.H. Workshop: Bringing evidence during public health emergencies: addressing the challenge through HTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Abstract Evidence-based decision-making is central to public health. Implementing evidence-informed actions is most challenging during a public health emergency as in an epidemic, when time is limited, scientific uncertainties and political pressures tend to be high, and irrefutable evidence may be lacking. The process of including evidence in public health decision-making and for evidence-informed policy, in preparation, and during public health emergencies, is not systematic and is complicated by many barriers as the absences of shared tools and approaches for evidence-based preparedness and response planning. Many of today's public health crises are also cross-border, and countries need to collaborate in a systematic and standardized way in order to enhance interoperability and to implement coordinated evidence-based response plans. To strengthen the impact of scientific evidence on decision-making for public health emergency preparedness and response, it is necessary to better define mechanisms through which interdisciplinary evidence feeds into decision-making processes during public health emergencies and the context in which these mechanisms operate. As a multidisciplinary, standardized and evidence-based decision-making tool, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) represents and approach that can inform public health emergency preparedness and response planning processes; it can also provide meaningful insights on existing preparedness structures, working as bridge between scientists and decision-makers, easing knowledge transition and translation to ensure that evidence is effectively integrated into decision-making contexts. HTA can address the link between scientific evidence and decision-making in public health emergencies, and overcome the key challenges faced by public health experts when advising decision makers, including strengthening and accelerating knowledge transfer through rapid HTA, improving networking between actors and disciplines. It may allow a 360° perspective, providing a comprehensive view to decision-making in preparation and during public health emergencies. The objective of the workshop is to explore and present how HTA can be used as a shared and systematic evidence-based tool for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, in order to enable stakeholders and decision makers taking actions based on the best available evidence through a process which is systematic and transparent. Key messages There are many barriers and no shared mechanisms to bring evidence in decision-making during public health emergencies. HTA can represent the tool to bring evidence-informed actions in public health emergency preparedness and response.

Local Weather and Air Pollution Potential: The Case of Durban

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Preston-Whyte ◽  
Roseanne D. Diab
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Mixing Depth ◽  
Horizontal Transport ◽  
Local Weather ◽  
Meso Scale

Atmospheric pollution over cities accumulates under light wind or stagnation conditions and, on occasion, may be supplemented by transport from distant sources. These conditions cannot easily be predicted by use of the average weather elements. However, material which is useful to decision-makers who are concerned with air pollution problems can be obtained by presenting the data, as in the case of Durban, South Africa, first in terms of the nature and characteristics of vertical mixing in the lower atmosphere, and secondly in terms of the horizontal transport of air. In this way the nature and characteristics of surface and non-surface inversions and mixingdepths, as well as of macro- and meso-scale atmospheric circulations, can more easily be appreciated. In addition, a measure of the air pollution potential can be obtained from daily maximum mixing-depth and win-speed values.

scholarly journals RISKY MULTI-CRITERIA GROUP DECISION MAKING ON GREEN CAPACITY INVESTMENT PROJECTS BASED ON SUPPLY CHAIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan SONG ◽  
Shuang YAO ◽  
Donghua YU ◽  
Yan SHEN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Capacity Investment ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Green Capacity

Green capacity investment projects have rapidly emerged involving suppliers, customers, and manufacturing organizations in supply chain systems with environmental challenges. This paper focuses on and identifies both primary strategic and operational elements that will aid managers in evaluating and making risky multi-criteria decisions on green capacity investment projects. We propose a cloud prospect value consensus process consisting of feedback and adjustment mechanisms that provide modification instructions to the corresponding decision makers for a decision matrix based on the cloud model and prospect theory, which considers psychological behavior, disagreements between decision makers, and the ambiguity of linguistic variable assessment across multi-criteria risks. The new model increases the efficiency and accuracy of decision making. To verify the feasibility and validity of the Cloud Prospect Value Consensus Degree based on the Feedback adjustment mechanism, its performance is compared with three state-of-the-art multi-criteria group decision-making methods.

scholarly journals Cloud Model based Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Effect Assessment of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Cooperative Air Pollution Supervision Mode

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Yunna Wu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Ruhang Xu ◽  
Yuanxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

In order to cope with air pollution, China has formulated Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cooperative supervision mechanism on air pollution prevention and control. Nevertheless, after several years’ effort, the air quality has improved significantly but far from reaching people’s needs. To improve the supervision strategies for meeting a better supervision and treatment effect, this paper will evaluate the effect of the cooperative supervision on air pollution and control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and give several advices on the improvement of existing supervision method through results analyzation. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation criteria system is established. Then a novel method of determining weight is firstly proposed in this paper, -fuzzy measure and AHP are used for determining weights which can not only consider the correlation among criteria but also take care of the will of the decision-makers. Finally, we obtain the evaluation ranking results by Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combined with Cloud model and several advice is proposed. In general, the model can provide reference for monitoring and evaluating the effect of supervision on air pollution prevention and control in other regions and the results analysis provide a great reference to the decision makers to optimize the cooperative supervision in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

scholarly journals Keuntungan Algoritma Bezier, B-Spline di Dunia Industri

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Djunaidy Santoso ◽  
Haryono Soeparno ◽  
Ayuliana Ayuliana
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Automotive Design ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Image Shape ◽  
The Right

Graphic Computers are widely used in various fields, especially in industries, companies, banks and hospitals. At hospital, computer graphics with leading edge techniques support images related to patient's needs. Graphic computer can also be used for shipbuilding and automotive design, as well as decision-makers in an institution, using pictures or images that can be analyzed to produce good forms which the accuracy is still investigated (CAD and CAM). The purpose of research is linking algorithms by creating the right picture or image to a form required by decision makers to associate algorithms Hermite, Bezier, B-Spline in harmonious function of each, so that the curves, images or images are produced better, and can be used in the field of engineering drawings. This research produces an image/ shape/ image which are suitable for designers’ need. 

Flow Field Analysis and Nearfield Acoustic Signature Reduction of a Stationary Fan Blade Array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Qasim Zaheer ◽  
Peter Disimile
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Blade Cascade ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blade Leading Edge

Abstract A highly cambered and loaded stationary fan blade cascade of an in-service centrifugal fan is analyzed in this research work at flow conditions corresponding to design point operation of subject fan. The configuration of enclosed blade cascade includes upstream and downstream ducts. A preliminary analysis of flow variables and nearfield acoustic spectra is carried out experimentally which then provided boundary conditions and validation data for an extensive numerical analysis using Embedded Large Eddy Simulation turbulence model in ANSYS Fluent 19.0 ® environment. The comprehensive analysis of flow field and nearfield aeroacoustics of blade array configuration reveals vortex shedding from blade leading edge and its interaction with pressure side surface of adjacent blade becomes one of major source in the aeroacoustics signature of blade array. The vortex shedding frequency and the frequency of upstream turbulence interaction with blade leading edge are identified. A novel method of placing rectangular cavity on pressure side of blade array to suppress the impact of impingement of leading-edge vortex via cavity acoustic wave is explored. The numerical results reveal a reduction in noise by 6dB encouraging the efficacy of this method as a passive technique to reduce aeroacoustics signature of researched blade array configuration.

scholarly journals An extended trajectory-mechanics approach for calculating the path of a pressure transient: travel-time tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4541-4560
Author(s):  
Donald W. Vasco ◽  
Joseph Doetsch ◽  
Ralf Brauchler
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Hydraulic Head ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
Analytic Expressions

Abstract. The application of a technique from quantum dynamics to the governing equation for hydraulic head leads to a trajectory-based solution that is valid for a general porous medium. The semi-analytic expressions for propagation path and velocity of a change in hydraulic head form the basis of a travel-time tomographic imaging algorithm. An application of the imaging algorithm to synthetic arrival times reveals that a cross-well inversion based upon the extended trajectories correctly reproduces the magnitude of a reference model, improving upon an existing asymptotic approach. An inversion of hydraulic head arrival times from cross-well slug tests at the Widen field site in northern Switzerland captures a general decrease in permeability with depth, which is in agreement with previous studies, but also indicates the presence of a high-permeability feature in the upper portion of the cross-well plane.

Reliability evaluation of volcanic tremor source location determination using cross-correlation functions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodorus Permana ◽  
Takeshi Nishimura ◽  
Hisashi Nakahara ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Hideki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Volcanic Tremor ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
S Waves ◽  
Location Determination ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis

Summary Source location determination of volcanic tremor has been a challenge in seismology due to the waveform complexity and difficulties in reading P- and S-wave arrival times. We present a method for locating volcanic tremor recorded at a seismic network distributed around a volcano. The method combines the source-scanning algorithm and cross-correlation analysis. Tremor records are processed using a technique adopted from ambient seismic interferometry to obtain stacked cross-correlation functions (CCFs) for all station pairs, which are expected to show high amplitudes at the lag time that corresponds to the travel time difference between the stations. The best seismic source location is determined from the maximum of the sum of envelope amplitudes of CCFs at predicted travel time differences between all pairs of stations. This method does not compute theoretical amplitudes, assume an initial hypocenter location, or measure the arrival times. To quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the location determination, we examine the method by using the vertical component seismic data of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes recorded at six seismic stations at Izu-Oshima volcano. The VTs have been previously located by using arrival times of P- and S-waves, and the hypocenters are used as the reference for evaluation and error estimation of the method. The results show that the misfit, which is the distance between our estimated sources and the references, is about 2 km or less when using CCFs at the frequency band of 4–16 Hz which contains the dominant frequencies of direct S-waves. To test whether the method can be used for volcanic tremor, we simulate the tremors by combining the observed VTs that occurred randomly in time in a localized region. The simulated tremors are determined with location errors of approximately 1 km or less, when the sources of VTs are located within a distance of 1 km and CCFs are calculated for a minimum data length of about 2 minutes. The volcanic tremor location method we present here can be used as an alternative tool for volcano monitoring, especially to locate tremors and seismic events with no clear phase arrival.

A P Travel-Time Model for the Canadian Shield obtained by a Joint Epicenter Determination Method

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Shallow Earthquakes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Order Polynomial

The P arrival-times for nine very shallow earthquakes under the Canadian Shield and the surrounding area were studied. P arrival-times were assumed to be a function of the hypocenter, origin-time, and specified travel-time curve. Using as starting point the hypocenters and origin times taken from the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) listings and the travel-time curve from the "Seismological Tables for P Phases" by Herrin et al. (1968), calculations were conducted so as to minimize the residuals between the observed P arrival-times and the calculated travel-times in a search for the best hypocenters, origin-times, and travel-time curve. The deviations from the travel-time curve were assumed to be represented by a sixth-order polynomial. The differences of the new epicenters from those of the PDE listings are small and generally less than about 10 km. The significant result is that the new travel-time curve obtained by this technique is similar to those obtained from seismic explosion studies in the eastern part of North America.

scholarly journals The Vehicles Traffic Flow Optimization in an Urban Transportation System by Using Simulation Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Marin-Marian Coman ◽  
Dorel Badea
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
On The Road

Abstract The urban transportation system is characterized by the urban roads development and growth of road traffic, which leads, most of the time, to a series of congestions in the vehicles traffic. Consequently, due to a high time duration spent on the road traffic, the travel time from a location to another one could be very upsetting for any car drivers, or embarrassing for emergency services and vehicle convoys that carry goods or sensitive items. Those are mainly reasons for using simulation modeling to analyze and optimize the travel time of the road traffic actors in the an urban transportation system. This paper focuses on optimization vehicles flow in a crowded area of Sibiu city, by using agent-based modeling concept and AnyLogic simulation modeling software.

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