Multilingual Analysis of Twitter News in Support of Mass Emergency Events

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Bügel ◽  
Andrea Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Event Based ◽  
English As Lingua Franca

Social media are increasingly becoming a source for event-based early warning systems in the sense that they can help to detect natural disasters and support crisis management during or after disasters. In this article the authors study the problems of analyzing multilingual twitter feeds for emergency events. Specifically, they consider tsunami and earthquakes as one possible originating cause of tsunami. Twitter messages provide testified information and help to obtain a better picture of the actual situation. Generally, local civil protection authorities and the population are likely to respond in their native language. Therefore, the present work focuses on English as “lingua franca” and on under-resourced Mediterranean languages in endangered zones, particularly Turkey, Greece, and Romania. The authors investigated ten earthquake events and defined four language-specific classifiers that can be used to detect earthquakes by filtering out irrelevant messages that do not relate to the event. The final goal is to extend this work to more Mediterranean languages and to classify and extract relevant information from tweets, translating the main keywords into English. Preliminary results indicate that such a filter has the potential to confirm forecast parameters of tsunami affecting coastal areas where no tide gauges exist and could be integrated into seismographic sensor networks.

scholarly journals The Role of Seismological Networks in Civil Protection in Low and High Seismic Hazards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Győri ◽  
Arman Bulatovich Kussainov ◽  
Gyöngyvér Szanyi ◽  
Zoltán Gráczer ◽  
Kendebay Zhanabilovich Raimbekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Seismic Networks ◽  
Strong Ground

Earthquakes are one of the most devastating natural disasters on Earth, causing sometimes huge economic losses and many human casualties. Since earthquake prediction is not yet possible, the purpose of civil protection is to reduce damage and protect human lives, in which the seismological networks of different countries play a very important role. Special applications of seismic networks are the early warning systems that can be used to protect vulnerable infrastructures using automated shutdown procedures, to stop high velocity trains and to save lives if the general public is notified about imminent strong ground shaking. In this paper, we describe the aims and operation of seismological networks, covering in more detail the early warning systems. Then we delineate the seismotectonic settings and seismicity in Hungary and Kazakhstan, furthermore, describe the operating seismological networks and the related scientific research areas with emphasis on civil protection. Hungary and Kazakhstan differ not only in the size of their territory, but also in their seismicity, therefore, in addition to the similarities, there are also significant differences between the aims and problems of their seismological networks.

scholarly journals User interface prototype for geospatial early warning systems – a tsunami showcase

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hammitzsch ◽  
M. Lendholt ◽  
M. Á. Esbrí
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The command and control unit's graphical user interface (GUI) is a central part of early warning systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards. The GUI combines and concentrates the relevant information of the system and offers it to human operators. It has to support operators successfully performing their tasks in complex workflows. Most notably in critical situations when operators make important decisions in a limited amount of time, the command and control unit's GUI has to work reliably and stably, providing the relevant information and functionality with the required quality and in time. The design of the GUI application is essential in the development of any EWS to manage hazards effectively. The design and development of such GUI is performed repeatedly for each EWS by various software architects and developers. Implementations differ based on their application in different domains. But similarities designing and equal approaches implementing GUIs of EWS are not quite harmonized enough with related activities and do not exploit possible synergy effects. Thus, the GUI's implementation of an EWS for tsunamis is successively introduced, providing a generic approach to be applied in each EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

scholarly journals Crisis Management and Early Warning Systems in Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-437
Author(s):  
Emre NALÇACIGİL ◽  
Ahmet Fatih ÖZYILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The crisis indicates negativity. This negativity can occur at different degrees and levels. For enterprises, the crisis includes every situation that can reduce the profitability of businesses and even threaten the existence of the business. Accordingly, conflicts within the enterprise, separation of the personnel from the enterprise, not finding new personnel, not finding raw materials, market losses, problems with suppliers or distributors, and most importantly, the political or economic problems that the country or the world may experience, and their negative effects on the business as crisis. It can be considered. Crises are time of danger, but they are also moments that can be turned into opportunities. Organizations can benefit from the crisis when they are ready for the crisis and implement the strategic goals they have developed rapidly. As a result, the crisis can be defined as the process during which organizations and administrations pass a good test. The purpose of this study is to define the concept of crisis, to reveal the crisis management issue in businesses, to evaluate the theories on this subject and to examine the situation in practice with a field study on the subject. The best way to deal with crises is to take precautions to ensure that crises never arise. In this regard, the concept of crisis has been defined in the first part of the study and detailed information about the crisis has been given. In this section, the internal and external factors of the crisis, the stages of its formation, possible positive and negative consequences are discussed in detail. In the second part, crisis management and how it is more effective and easier to get out of the crisis, the crisis management process, types and approaches are extensively studied. In the last section, Crisis exit strategies and early warning systems are evaluated.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Heatwaves in Africa: Morocco 2000 and South Africa 2015/16

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Brimicombe ◽  
Claudia Di Napoli ◽  
Rosalind Cornforth ◽  
Florian Pappenberger ◽  
Celia Petty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
New Information ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Heat Extremes

Abstract. Heatwaves pose an ever increasing risk to African communities as exposure to heat extremes can have a drastic effect on individuals and in some cases can even result in death. This study presents new information about the characteristics of historical African heatwaves including a comprehensive synopsis of documented heatwave events from 1980 until 2020.Detailed research on heatwave case studies helps to inform the development of early warning systems and forecasting, which is an urgent priority. Here, the focus is on two reported heatwaves, Morocco 2000 and South Africa 2015/16. Both heatwaves feature in the Emergency Events Disaster database (EM-DAT) and include reported impacts, with the Morocco heat being the only hazard to be associated with an economic cost. In addition, these heatwaves reveal how the mechanisms behind them are closely influenced by synoptic systems and geography of their regions. Further, It is demonstrated there is some reporting by African Nations for heatwaves but that this needs significant improvement.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

Monitoring of biofilms in technical systems - a crucial component of advanced anti-fouling strategies

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
H.-C. Flemming ◽  
A. Tamachkiarow
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Secondary Procedures ◽  
On Line ◽  
Stable Signal

“Biofouling” is a biofilm problem which is operationally defined. It applies to biofilms which exceed a given threshold of interference. If this is the case, countermeasures are taken. However, conventional antifouling strategies are hampered by some intrinsic problems which can identified as follows: (1) there are no early warning systems, (2) detection of biofouling is not performed on surfaces but by analysis of water samples which will not indicate site or extent of biofilms, (3) disinfection is misunderstood as cleaning, (4) nutrients are not limited although they must be considered as potential fouling biomass, and (5) the efficacy of countermeasures is performed by process performance or product quality. Avoiding mistakes 1–3 and 5 requires monitoring systems which provide relevant information on line, in situ, in real time, non-destructively and suitable for computer-aided automatization. Sample removal, staining or other secondary procedures should not be necessary. A suitable monitoring device is the fibre optical sensor. It consists of a measuring head integrated into the surface to be monitored and contains a sending and a reading optical fibre. If material is deposited on the tip of the fibres, light emitted from the sending fibre will be scattered back by particles and collected by the reading fibre. Increasing deposit accumulation results in an increasing signal of backscattered light. This sensor has been successfully integrated into a water piping system and responded quantitatively to build up and removal of deposits. Under conditions in which the particles were represented by bacteria, a calibration was performed. A stable signal could be acquired above a cell density of 105 cells cm-2. The system is, in principle, suitable to be integrated into membrane modules at representative locations.

Framework for Graphical User Interfaces of Geospatial Early Warning Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
Martin Hammitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Control

An important component of Early Warning Systems (EWS) for man-made and natural hazards is the command and control unit’s Graphical User Interface (GUI). All relevant information of an EWS is concentrated in this GUI and offered to human operators. However, when designing the GUI, not only the user experience and the GUI’s screens are relevant, but also the frameworks and technologies that the GUI is built on and the implementation of the GUI itself are of great importance. Implementations differ based on their applications in different domains but the design and approaches to implement the GUIs of different EWS often show analogies. The design and development of such GUIs are performed repeatedly on some parts of the system for each EWS. Thus, the generic GUI framework of a geospatial EWS for tsunamis is introduced to enable possible synergistic effects on the development of other new related technology. The results presented here could be adopted and reused in other EWS for man-made and natural hazards.

The CARE Telematics Network for the Surveillance of Influenza in Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bensadon ◽  
A. Strauss ◽  
R. Snacken
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Surveillance Networks ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Networks ◽  
First Time

Abstract:Since the 1950s, national networks for the surveillance of influenza have been progressively implemented in several countries. New epidemiological arguments have triggered changes in order to increase the sensitivity of existent early warning systems and to strengthen the communications between European networks. The WHO project CARE Telematics, which collects clinical and virological data of nine national networks and sends useful information to public health administrations, is presented. From the results of the 1993-94 season, the benefits of the system are discussed. Though other telematics networks in this field already exist, it is the first time that virological data, absolutely essential for characterizing the type of an outbreak, are timely available by other countries. This argument will be decisive in case of occurrence of a new strain of virus (shift), such as the Spanish flu in 1918. Priorities are now to include other existing European surveillance networks.

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