Artificial Intelligence, Smart Classrooms and Online Education in the 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikedinachi A. P. WOGU ◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Patrick A. Assibong ◽  
Esther Fadeke Olu-Owolabi ◽  
Rytis Maskeliūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smart Classrooms

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has largely taken over conventional classrooms and revolutionized the way education is conducted to the admiration of many. Other scholars however, believe that such early celebration of AI benefits is unfounded and inimical to the education sector since the adoption of modern AI teaching systems now raises long-term issues about the relevance of teachers and their classrooms in 21st Century AI education. The Marxian Alienation Theory was adopted for the article. The Ex-post factor method and Derrida's critical method of analysis was utilized for attaining the objectives of the article. The article faults recent attempts at eulogizing the impact of AI innovations in the education sector and on human development. Extensive research is proposed as necessary for contemporary scholars of AI and education technologist before proper appropriation can be made about its gains in education and on human development.

scholarly journals The Demerger Impact upon Sustainable Development of Economic Entities: Evidence from Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8316
Author(s):  
Camelia Mirela Baba ◽  
Constantin Duguleană ◽  
Marius Sorin Dincă ◽  
Liliana Duguleană ◽  
Gheorghița Dincă
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Profitability Ratios ◽  
Positive Effect

The Covid-19 induced economic crisis has significantly affected almost all businesses from nearly every sector, causing severe financial problems, lack of cash assets, and decrease of revenues. In this context, the economic entities were forced to look for adjustment and rescue solutions of their activities. One possible solution for the recovery and reorganization of economic entities’ activities is demerger. This paper evaluates the impact of demerger upon the sustainable development of economic entities in terms of economic efficiency and financial performances. To achieve this goal, a statistical analysis of profitability ratios before and after the demerger, as well as a structural analysis of 268 demerger projects for the April 2012–April 2021 period, were performed. The results attest there are no significant differences between the ex-ante and ex-post financial performances. However, demerger seems to have a positive effect upon analyzed companies helping them to overcome economic hardships, rethink their business strategies, and continue their activity in the medium and long-term time horizon.

scholarly journals Digital Inclusion: Its Impact and Parents Perspective in Education Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292098839
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Impact

Novel COVID-19 has turned the whole world upside down. Each industry is showing a downward trend. At the same time, digitalization, which got its birth in 2015, got its growth and is having a paradigm shift. Experts have given it a new name ‘digital inclusion’. This article studies the impact of online education imparted to children during the pandemic period through various applications.

scholarly journals How should we regulate artificial intelligence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2128) ◽  
pp. 20170360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Reed
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current System ◽  
General System ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Human Decision

Using artificial intelligence (AI) technology to replace human decision-making will inevitably create new risks whose consequences are unforeseeable. This naturally leads to calls for regulation, but I argue that it is too early to attempt a general system of AI regulation. Instead, we should work incrementally within the existing legal and regulatory schemes which allocate responsibility, and therefore liability, to persons. Where AI clearly creates risks which current law and regulation cannot deal with adequately, then new regulation will be needed. But in most cases, the current system can work effectively if the producers of AI technology can provide sufficient transparency in explaining how AI decisions are made. Transparency ex post can often be achieved through retrospective analysis of the technology's operations, and will be sufficient if the main goal is to compensate victims of incorrect decisions. Ex ante transparency is more challenging, and can limit the use of some AI technologies such as neural networks. It should only be demanded by regulation where the AI presents risks to fundamental rights, or where society needs reassuring that the technology can safely be used. Masterly inactivity in regulation is likely to achieve a better long-term solution than a rush to regulate in ignorance. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Personal Assistants on Marketing

2018 ◽  
pp. 5748-5756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. McDowell Marinchak ◽  
Edward Forrest ◽  
Bogdan Hoanca
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Marketing Effort ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Personal Assistants ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
The Impact

This entry will review the state of the art in AI, with a particular focus on applications in marketing. Based on the current capabilities of AI in marketing, the author's explore the new rules of engagement. Rather than simply targeting consumers, the marketing effort will also be directed at the algorithms controlling the consumers' virtual personal assistants (VPAs). Rather than exploiting human desires and weakness, marketing will need to focus on meeting the user's actual needs. The level of customer satisfaction will be even more critical as marketing will need to focus on establishing and maintaining a reputation in competition with those of similar offerings in the marketplace. This entry concludes with thoughts on the long-term implications, exploring the role of customer trust in the adoption of AI agents, the security requirements for agents and the ethical implications of access to such agents.

scholarly journals The Impact of Possible Decadal-Scale Cold Waves on Viticulture over Europe in a Context of Global Warming

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sgubin ◽  
Didier Swingedouw ◽  
Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri ◽  
Nathalie Ollat ◽  
Cornelis van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Cold Waves ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive analysis of all the possible impacts of future climate change is crucial for strategic plans of adaptation for viticulture. Assessments of future climate are generally based on the ensemble mean of state-of-the-art climate model projections, which prefigures a gradual warming over Europe for the 21st century. However, a few models project single or multiple O(10) year temperature drops over the North Atlantic due to a collapsing subpolar gyre (SPG) oceanic convection. The occurrence of these decadal-scale “cold waves” may have strong repercussions over the continent, yet their actual impact is ruled out in a multi-model ensemble mean analysis. Here, we investigate these potential implications for viticulture over Europe by coupling dynamical downscaled EUR-CORDEX temperature projections for the representative concentration pathways (RCP)4.5 scenario from seven different climate models—including CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 exhibiting a SPG convection collapse—with three different phenological models simulating the main developmental stages of the grapevine. The 21st century temperature increase projected by all the models leads to an anticipation of all the developmental stages of the grapevine, shifting the optimal region for a given grapevine variety northward, and making climatic conditions suitable for high-quality wine production in some European regions that are currently not. However, in the CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 model, this long-term warming trend is suddenly interrupted by decadal-scale cold waves, abruptly pushing the suitability pattern back to conditions that are very similar to the present. These findings are crucial for winemakers in the evaluation of proper strategies to face climate change, and, overall, provide additional information for long-term plans of adaptation, which, so far, are mainly oriented towards the possibility of continuous warming conditions.

THE CORPORATION AND THE FAMILY IN THE RESOURCES INDUSTRY — CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS THE 21ST CENTURY

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
D.S. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

The changing sociological scene places greater emphasis today on self-fulfilment psychology and individual expectations, often at the expense of responsibility in relationships. This, coupled with greater demands on staff (especially on managers of corporations) places, at times, unrealistic demands on normally stable relationships, particularly in a marriage. The result is increased family tension, often resulting in marriage breakdown with significant scarring of partners and children; those individuals, so affected, suffer reduced productivity in their work roles.As we approach the 21st century, there is emphasis, in the management of corporations, on innovation and cost efficiency, thus placing greater pressure on individual staff.This paper takes the position that corporations, in their own self-interest and in the interest of staff, need to assess the impact of their current policies on not only their staff but also on staff families. While maintaining that it remains the single responsibility of individuals to make decisions on managing, effectively, their corporate/private lives, the author supports the proposal of others (Evans and Bartolome, 1980) that corporations' policies should help, not hinder, the process.Corporations which continue to ignore these considerations will incur long term consequences with significant impact on productivity and efficient management, aside from possible disastrous impact on their staff and families.Corporations in Australia are taking steps to address this situation but much more needs to be done. This was highlighted in the March 1985 'Middle Management' course with its associated Spouses Programme presented jointly by Australian Mineral Foundation and The Australian Administrative Staff College.Effective communication is at the heart of the matter, but no amount of training on this subject will bear fruit unless there is an associated commitment by executives to improve the effectiveness of their communication process, both in their corporate and family roles.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning in health professional education: a mixed methods study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunaz Kumar ◽  
Mahbub Sarkar ◽  
Elizabeth Davis ◽  
Julia Morphet ◽  
Stephen Maloney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Health Professional Education ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Due to the complex nature of healthcare professionals’ roles and responsibilities, the education of this workforce is multifaceted and challenging. It relies on various sources of learning from teachers, peers, patients and may focus on Work Integrated Learning (WIL). The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many of these learning opportunities especially those in large groups or involving in person interaction with peers and patients. Much of the curriculum has been adapted to an online format, the long-term consequence of which is yet to be recognized. The changed format is likely to impact learning pedagogy effecting both students and teachers. This requires a systematic approach to evaluation of online teaching and learning adaptation, in comparison to the previous format, where, in person education may have been the focus. Methods The proposed study is a broad based evaluation of health professional education in a major Australian University. The protocol describes a mixed methods convergent design to evaluate the impact of online education on students and teachers in health professional courses including Medicine, Nursing, Allied Health and Biomedical Science. A framework, developed at the university, using Contribution Analysis (CA), will guide the evaluation. Quantitative data relating to student performance, student evaluation of units, quantity of teaching activities and resource utilization will be collected and subjected to relevant statistical analysis. Data will be collected through surveys (500 students and 100 teachers), focus groups (10 groups of students) and interviews of students and teachers (50 students beyond graduation and 25 teachers, for long term follow up to 12 months). Application of CA will be used to answer the key research questions on the short term and long-term impact of online education on teaching and learning approaches. Discussion The protocol describes the study, which will be widely implemented over the various courses in Health Professional Education and Biomedical Science. It will evaluate how students and teachers engage with the online delivery of the curriculum, student performance, and resources used to implement these changes. It also aims to evaluate longitudinal outcome of student learning attributes and impact on graduate outcomes, which is poorly reported in educational literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Welfare Improvement in Indonesia: Study of Impact of Premium Assistance Beneficiaries on The National Health Insurance, Physical Special Allocation Fund for Health Sector, Education Sector, and Village Funds to Human Development Index

Populasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nawawi ◽  
Wihana Kirana Jaya ◽  
Mulyadi Sumanto ◽  
Evita Hanie Pangaribowo
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Impact

One of the objectives of the fiscal policy is to improve public welfare. Still, there are funding constraints to improve welfare in some countries. Therefore, fiscal management to increase welfare must be implemented efficiently and effectively. In this research, to improve welfare, the fiscal policy will be focused on health, education and community empowerment which are the components of the HDI. This research used quantitative method with regression equation to explain the impact of fiscal and social policy, in the form of Recipients of Health Insurance Contribution Assistance (Penerima Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/ PBI JKN), physical special allocation found (Dana Alokasi Khusus/DAK) for health and education sector, village fund, region’s budget expenditure, locally generated revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD), and poverty level on human development index (HDI) improvement. The locus for this research is all regencies/cities in Indonesia that use panel data. The results of this research were divided into three findings. First, there were research variables with unidirectional results and significant improvement on HDI, which are physical DAK for the health and education sector, village funds, social expenditure, and PAD. Second, there were variables with unidirectional impact but it does not have a significant impact on the HDI improvement (i.e. PBI JKN). Third, there were variables with unidirectional and significant impact, such as personnel expenditure, material expenditure, capital expenditure, and poverty level.

Pluralist Behavioral Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
Serial Entrepreneur ◽  
The Impact

Open-minded is identified as an economic key quality in the 21st century due to special abilities in the dissemination of innovations. The impact of dissemination is increasing due to the rise of the creative class including the open-minded. The long-term consumer profile—the most open-minded state of cognition—is identified as simple living contrasting consumerism. The modern prototype of an entrepreneur is “pilot-in-plane” à la Saraswathy, who fits best to the open-mindedness personality. Open-minded entrepreneurs strive for revenue of capital (ROI). A simple ROI formula is presented for business check by entrepreneurs. In all, four heuristics are presented for the doughnut agent. The chapter is complemented by a portrait of the serial entrepreneur Martin Thorborg and a minireview of the author and specialist of “Simple Living” Ole D. Nielsen.

scholarly journals The impact of regulatory fines on shareholder returns

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Strydom ◽  
M. Ward ◽  
C. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Shareholder Returns ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Event Study Methodology

Corruption has been shown to undermine the efficiency of market-based economies by allowing participants to profit from illegal rent-seeking activities, which decrease public support for business and increase the cost of capital (Zingales, 2015). Over the past decade, the Competition Commission in South Africa has investigated and issued punitive fines amounting to around R8bn to companies engaged in non-competitive behaviour. Using event study methodology, we examine the impact on the share prices of listed companies upon the announcement of an investigation, a fine, and the payment of thefine. We find that shareholder returns were unaffected at the initiation and payment stages of the process, but that the returns were positively affected at the conviction stage. A buy-and-hold longitudinal study was also undertaken to determine if an ex-post portfolio consisting of stocks of convicted companies out-performed an equal-weighted all share benchmark, as well as a portfolio of matched companies which had not been fined. The results reveal that both the portfolio of fined companies and the matched portfolio of non-fined companies out-performed the market benchmark over a 24-year period. However, the portfolio consisting of convicted companies underperformed the portfolio of companies which had not been fined. We conclude that the market anticipated the fines and that the quantum of fines levied was less than expected. We also find that the non-competitive behaviour of convicted companies did not benefit their shareholders in the long-term.

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