Potato Market and Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Mustafe Pllana ◽  
Nazim Merovci ◽  
Melihate Jashari ◽  
Aida Tmava ◽  
Fisnik Shaqiri
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Frozen Potatoes ◽  
Processed Potatoes

Potato, or as it is called the “bread of the poor”, is a traditional product and the fourth world's largest consumption culture after rice, wheat, and maize. Potato contains vitamin B6 (32%), starch (26%), copper (22%), vitamin C (22%), magnesium (19%), phosphorus (17%), fiber (15%), pantothenic acid (13%), and other ingredients. Americans eat on average 35 kg of frozen potatoes per year: 19 kg of fresh potatoes; 8 kg of potato chips; and 6 kg of dehydrated potato products. The global monthly consumption of potato per capita is 31.3 kg. A greater consumption per capita is in Europe with 87.8 kg/capita. Residents of cold countries of Eastern Europe are the biggest consumers of potatoes in the world. China is the largest producer in the world (75mil / year), but it is not the largest consumer per capita. The volume of international potato trade is smaller than the volume of production. Only 6% of potato production reaches trade market worldwide. Trade in processed potatoes is increased, and with higher rates exceed fresh potato trade. It passes from fresh consumption to processed consumption. Developed countries are those which provide markets with these processed products, earning high rate of profits. Processed potatoes make up 64 percent of total US potato consuming. Kosovo has a great potential to produce potatoes, but there are some obstacles such as small domestic consumption and the market in general. In this article, the factors that affect consumption are explored, which as a consequence increase the production.

scholarly journals Using fuzzy logic for evaluating the level of countries’ (regions’) economic development

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojic
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

There are several divisions of countries and regions in the world. Besides geo-political divisions, there also are economic divisions. The most common economic division is the that on developed countries and the poor ones. These divisions are a consequence of the level of: GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, industrial growth, and so on. The question is how to define a mathematical model based on which the following will be assessed: who is rich and who is poor, or who is economically developed and who is not? How the boundaries of transition from one category to another can be defined? This paper presents a model for evaluating the level of economic development of countries and regions using "fuzzy" logic. The model was tested on a sample of 19 EU member countries and aspirants for membership.

A Comparative Analysis of South Africa as a Semi-Industrialised Developing Country

1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Knight
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Industrialised Countries

South Africa has neither a developed nor a typical underdeveloped economy. Too often it has been wrongly classified, along with, say, Australia and New Zealand, as one of the peripheral developed countries, because only a part of the economy and population have the characteristics we associate with that group. Yet its economy is distinctly different from others in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa falls squarely into the category which the World Bank classifies as ‘upper middle-income’ developing economies, with G.N.P. per capita in 1982 ranging from $2,000 to $7,000 and averaging $2,500, thereby including South Africa, with $2,700.1 (By contrast, Kenya's G.N.P. per capita was $400 and Britain's $10,000). The World Bank's group includes Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South Korea, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia. South Africa shares many structural economic characteristics with these semi-industrialised countries.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Ecological, Economic, and Social Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Murányi ◽  
Bálint Varga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Very High

The COVID-19 pandemic had huge impacts on the global world, with both a negative impact on society and economy but a positive one on nature. But this universal effect resulted in different infection rates from country to country. We analyzed the relationship between the pandemic and ecological, economic, and social conditions. All of these data were collected in 140 countries at six time points. Correlations were studied using univariate and multivariate regression models. The world was interpreted as a single global ecosystem consisting of ecosystem units representing countries. We first studied 140 countries around the world together, and infection rates were related to per capita GDP, Ecological Footprint, median age, urban population, and Biological Capacity, globally. We then ranked the 140 countries according to infection rates. We created four groups with 35 countries each. In the first group of countries, the infection rate was very high and correlated with the Ecological Footprint (consumption) and GDP per capita (production). This group is dominated by developed countries, and their ecological conditions have proved to be particularly significant. In country groups 2, 3, and 4, infection rates were high, medium, and low, respectively, and were mainly related to median age and urban population. In the scientific discussion, we have interpreted why infection rates are very high in developed countries. Sustainable ecosystems are balanced, unlike the ecosystems of developed countries. The resilience and the health of both natural ecosystems and humans are closely linked to the world of microbial communities, the microbiomes of the biosphere. It is clear that both the economy and society need to be in harmony with nature, creating sustainable ecosystems in developed countries as well.

Induced abortion in today’s world

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-347
Author(s):  
Eremenegildo Spaziante
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Per Capita

The Author has examined the recent statistics concerning the legally induced abortion, registered in 25 selected countries in the world. From a total population of 997 millions inhabitants, the cases of induced abortions were 6,126,000 during the year 1996. A formal decrease of 20% was recorded yearly between 1994 and 1996. The changes were not similar for all the examined countries. The most intensive decrease was registered in the countries with previous highest incidence, especially those with experience of Soviet system or Marxian ideology. The study reports the comparison of the abortive phenomenon with the birth rate, the infant mortality, the socio-economic conditions. Invers correlation come in evidence between induced abortiveness rates and the “human development index” (UNDP), especially with the cultural level and the Goss National Product (GNP) per capita. The Author supposes that in the more developed countries the decrease of registered abortiveness was related also to a larger use of contraceptive means. In the less developed countries of the ex-Soviet system, the attenuation of incidence of induced abortion can be connected with a mitigation of public power to coercive birth control. The A. suggests te working hypothesis that a large seeking f induced abortion, especially if repeated, is not only a consequence of economical and cultural misery, but also an important factor of moral, social, and economic depression. In the changing world induced abortion is still a persistent form of misery.

Poverty and malnutrition in Africa: a conceptual analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye ◽  
Abiodun Omowonuola Adebayo-Oyetoro ◽  
Hussaina Kehinde Tiamiyu
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Estimate ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Way

Purpose This paper aims to examine the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, implications and the way out. Design/methodology/approach Several literatures were reviewed on the causes, modes, implications and solutions to the contemporary challenges of poverty and malnutrition in Africa. Findings Poverty and malnutrition are two sides of a coin that are ravaging the African continent. These were as a result of underdevelopment, maladministration and lack of focus and vision by the generations of leaders saddled with administration in different African countries. Poverty in Africa embraces lack of basic human needs faced by people in African society. Many African nations are very poor, and their income per capita or gross domestic product per capita fall toward the bottom of list of nations of the world, despite a wealth of natural resources. In 2009, according to United Nations (UN), 22 of 24 nations identified as having “Low Human Development” on the UN’s Human Development Index were in sub-Saharan Africa and 34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that 233 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry/undernourished in 2014-2016 (its most recent estimate). In total, 795 million people were hungry worldwide. According to the World Bank, sub-Saharan Africa was the area with the second largest number of hungry people, as Asia had 512 million, mainly due to the much larger population of Asia when compared to sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank also reported in 2012 that sub-Saharan Africa Poverty and Equity Data was 501 million people, or 47 per cent Poverty has also been reported as the principal cause of hunger in Africa and the principal causes of poverty have been found to be harmful economic systems, conflict, environmental factors such as drought and climate change and population growth. Originality/value This study examined the concept of poverty and malnutrition in Africa, the implications and the way out.

scholarly journals Participation of women in science in the developed and developing worlds: inverted U of feminization of the scientific workforce, gender equity and retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhana Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Workforce

Abstract We consider various factors impacting the participation of women in science throughout the world, with a particular emphasis on developing countries. For the world as a whole, we find that when the percentage of women working in science in a country is plotted vs. the per capita GDP of the country (adjusted for purchasing power parity) the data fall on an inverted U-shaped ‘boomerang’ curve. Thus, as per capita wealth increases, the percentage of women in science first increases and then falls. This is in marked contrast to the (right-side-up) U-shaped curve that is well-established for the participation of women in the labor force as a whole, suggesting that there are factors in the culture of science that result in opposing trends to those observed in the general workforce. This also results in many developing countries having a much higher participation of women in the scientific workforce than is seen in economically developed countries. Contradicting previous reports to the contrary, we find a positive correlation between gender equality in science and the degree of overall gender equity in the country. Thus, we do not find evidence for the claim that greater gender equity results in the manifestation of innate gender differences in preferences for science. We find differing patterns of retention in science for women in developing and developed countries. We also briefly discuss other factors that make it difficult for women in developing countries to follow a scientific career, or to advance in their careers.

scholarly journals Do People Pay More Attention to Earthquakes in Western Countries?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Habibi ◽  
Jan Feld
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

This paper investigates whether people from Western countries pay more attention to earthquakes in Western countries than those in non-Western countries. Using Google Trends data, we examine the proportion of Google searches from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand for 610 earthquakes across the world over the period of 2006-2016. Our results suggest that people in these countries pay around 44 percent more attention to earthquakes in Western countries, holding constant earthquake magnitude and number of casualties. Our results remain significant and similar in magnitude after controlling for geographical and social characteristics, but reduce in magnitude to almost zero and become insignificant after controlling for GDP per capita of the countries where the earthquake struck. Our results suggest that there is a developed country bias, rather than a Western country bias, in people’s attention. This bias might lead to a lower flow of international relief to economically less developed countries, which are less able to deal with disasters.

scholarly journals Effect of Yogic Practices on Blood Pressure Level among Diabetic Tribal at Kodaikanal in Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2795-2797
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Stability

Growth and development are the fundamental as well as the basic objectives of all the developing countries in the world. On the other hand, maintaining the economic stability is the major goal of all the developed countries. Each nation has her own economic policies so as to develop its economy. The development of a country can be indicated and understood by examining the major economic variables. Increasing real per capita income over a period of time will indicate the economic development of a country. Therefore, the authors made an attempt to evaluate the performance of Indian economy in terms of GNP, general price will indicate the stability of Indian economy and the living standard of people in a country. Therefore, the authorities made an attempt to evaluate the performance of Indian economy in terms of GNP, general price, imports and exports since 2000. As per the analysis on the basis of certain macroeconomic variable, the growth rate of GDP of India was greater than the per capita GDP that indicates the increasing inequality in India in the last two decades. The purchasing power of the people and the value of money are fluctuating and the economy was unstable. India’s GDP share in the world output is insignificant. The growth of imports of India is greater than the export which indicates unfavorable balance of payment in case of India’s international trade.

scholarly journals Trends of structural changes in dissemination of advertising

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Iryna Voronenko ◽  
Andrii Skrypnyk ◽  
Yurii Namiasenko
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The article points out that a well-functioning information space serves as a basis for boosting economic development and for building a civil society. It is emphasized that despite constant changes in the structure of information space, advertising has been and will be its important component or even driving force. The paper highlights how researchers discuss this issue, and concludes that there are a lot of aspects which have not been considered yet, and need to be studied in detail. It is claimed that one of such aspects is dynamics of structural changes in dissemination of advertising. For the purpose of the study, methods of statistical and econometric analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison are used. The paper provides an analysis of the global advertising business and calculates percent- ages of advertising expenditures by categories in 2004, 2016 and 2018. Based on the results achieved, it is concluded that the share of advertising expenditures in the global GDP has decreased. It is also stressed that the rivalry between television commercials and Internet advertisements will be more intensive. The impact of the country’s GDP on advertising expenditures is assessed, and it is found that, if per capita GDP grows by $1,000, advertising expenditures will increase by $11 with $5.3 on Internet and $2.3 on television advertisements. The significant growth of Internet users in the world and per 100 of inhabitants in 2001-2017 is driven primarily by young people aged 15-24. Advertising expenditures have doubled in social networks recently. The paper provides an analysis of advertising expenditures by world regions, and percentages of advertising expenditures in Ukraine by categories in 2004 and 2016. It is concluded that advertising expenditures represent just a marginal share in Ukraine’s GDP (0.33 per cent), only half as much as in the world and seven times less than in the developed countries.

The Technological Dependence of Developing Countries

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

In less than two centuries the process of industrialisation has spread from a tiny triangle in Britain to nearly 25 per cent of the world population. But it has so far largely by-passed the Third World, including China and socialist East Asia, and the southern periphery of Europe from Portugal to Bulgaria. These developing countries account for almost 75 per cent of the world population, but for only 20 per cent of the world income. On the other hand, the developed countries, with only 25 per cent of the population, have an average income per capita about ten times as high, and account for as much as 80 per cent of the real world output.

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