Does Audit Quality Influence the Relation between Earnings Management and Internal Control Weakness in the Post –SOX Period

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-100
Author(s):  
Judith van Ravenstein ◽  
Georgios Georgakopoulos ◽  
Petros Kalantonis ◽  
Panagiotis Kaldis
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Material Weakness ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
A Company ◽  
Big Four

Material weaknesses in the internal control system of a company create more opportunities for managers to engage in opportunistic earnings management. In this study the authors investigate the relation between earnings management and disclosed material weaknesses in the internal controls, both under SOX 302 and SOX 404, and examine whether audit quality, measured as being audited by a Big Four auditor, has an effect on that relation. The results suggest that material weakness firms have more absolute discretionary accruals and greater income-decreasing discretionary accruals. So evidence is provided that material weakness firms engage in more earnings management, however not in opportunistic income-increasing earnings management. When audit quality is high, measured as being audited by a Big Four auditor, the disclosed material weaknesses are lower just as total and absolute discretionary accruals are. It is also interesting in our findings that when material weakness firms are audited by a Big Four auditor a positive relationship seems to exist with discretionary accruals, suggesting that when a firm is audited by a Big Four auditor, material weaknesses in the internal controls will lead to opportunistic earnings management.

Real Earnings Management before and after Reporting SOX 404 Material Weaknesses

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuukka Järvinen ◽  
Emma-Riikka Myllymäki
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Public Disclosure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Before And After

SYNOPSIS The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SOX Section 404 material weaknesses manifest in real earnings management behavior. The empirical findings indicate that, compared to companies with effective internal controls, companies with existing material weaknesses in their internal controls engage in more manipulation of real activities (particularly inventory overproduction). This implies that the weak commitment by management to provide effective internal control system and high-quality financial information relates to a tendency to use real earnings management methods. Moreover, we find evidence suggesting that companies employ real earnings management (overproduction and reduction of discretionary expenses) after disclosing previous year's material weaknesses. We conjecture that the public disclosure of material weaknesses induces management to strive to mitigate the expected negative reactions of stakeholders to the disclosure by engaging in real earnings management, which is not easily detected or constrained by outsiders. Overall, this study suggests that material weaknesses in internal controls signal an environment where management is more inclined to employ real earnings management.

Accruals Quality and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1141-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Doyle ◽  
Weili Ge ◽  
Sarah McVay
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Earnings Persistence ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Material Weakness ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Accruals Quality

We examine the relation between accruals quality and internal controls using 705 firms that disclosed at least one material weakness from August 2002 to November 2005 and find that weaknesses are generally associated with poorly estimated accruals that are not realized as cash flows. Further, we find that this relation between weak internal controls and lower accruals quality is driven by weakness disclosures that relate to overall company-level controls, which may be more difficult to “audit around.” We find no such relation for more auditable, account-specific weaknesses. We find similar results using four additional measures of accruals quality: discretionary accruals, average accruals quality, historical accounting restatements, and earnings persistence. Our results are robust to the inclusion of firm characteristics that proxy for difficulty in accrual estimation, known determinants of material weaknesses, and corrections for self-selection bias.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Sistem Pengendalian Internal Penerimaan Kas pada Apotek Kimia Farma 307 Banyuwangi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Vicky Roh Idhofi ◽  
S. Sudarno ◽  
Agung Budi S.
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
A Company ◽  
Collection Methods

Internal control system in a company is one form of action used to safeguard property owned by the company. The existence of an internal control system is expected to prevent the risk of errors occurring either intentional or without the element of intent. The risk of such errors can be derived from the various parties concerned. This is one reason that good procurement control system in an accounting system in this case is in the system of cash receipts. From the observation while at Kimia Farma 307 Banyuwangi seen that in a system of cash receipts from cash income services namely health checks and cash sales are still very modest. The accounting system of the cash receipts of the business activity is only using the document pickup. When viewed from the frequency of sales and service checks every day, the system that has been used is deemed to be less effective in terms of internal controls. This study aims to determine in real terms how the internal control system of cash receipts and evaluation of internal control systems at these pharmacies. This research uses qualitative method to analyze the data. The data obtained from three data collection methods are interview, observation and documentation. Keywords: system of internal control, cash receipts in cash, accounting system, system evaluation

scholarly journals Material Weaknesses in Tax-Related Internal Controls and Last Chance Earnings Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristi A. Gleason ◽  
Morton Pincus ◽  
Sonja Olhoft Rego
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Tax Expense

ABSTRACT We investigate the consequences of tax-related internal control material weaknesses (ICMWs) for financial reporting. We hypothesize that the presence of ineffective controls over the tax function makes earnings management through the income tax accrual (both income increasing and income decreasing) easier to implement relative to firms with effective controls. We also predict that the remediation of tax-related ICMWs has the effect of constraining earnings management through the tax accrual. The results provide support for our predictions. We also find that last chance earnings management via tax-related ICMWs is concentrated in the early years of our sample, during the initial SOX implementation period. Our results suggest that tax-related ICMWs were initially associated with greater tax-expense management but that SOX internal control assessments subsequently improved the quality of financial reporting by reducing opportunities for tax-expense management.

Earnings Management of Firms Reporting Material Internal Control Weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam C. Chan ◽  
Barbara Farrell ◽  
Picheng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Section 404 ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Reported Earnings

SUMMARY: The main objectives of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are to improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosure. Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the external auditor has to report an assessment of the firm’s internal controls and attest to management’s assessment of the firm’s internal controls. Material weaknesses in internal controls must be disclosed in the auditor and management reports. The objective of this study is to examine if firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 have more earnings management compared to other firms. The results provide mild evidence that there are more positive and absolute discretionary accruals for firms reporting material internal control weaknesses than for other firms. Since the findings of ineffective internal controls by auditors under Section 404 may cause firms to improve their internal controls, Section 404 has the potential benefits of reducing the opportunity of intentional and unintentional accounting errors and of improving the quality of reported earnings.

The Unintended Consequences of Material Weakness Reporting on Auditors' Acceptance of Aggressive Client Reporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Tim D. Bauer ◽  
Anthony C. Bucaro ◽  
Cassandra Estep
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Material Weakness ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Licensing Effects ◽  
Potential Remedy

ABSTRACT Regulators are concerned that auditors do not sufficiently identify and report material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting (ICFR). However, psychological licensing theory suggests reporting material weaknesses could have unintended consequences for acceptance of aggressive client financial reporting. In an experiment, we predict and find auditors accept more aggressive client reporting after they report a material weakness in ICFR than after they report no material weakness. We provide evidence licensing underlies this effect. In a second experiment, we investigate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce the identified licensing effects by prompting an audit quality goal. We find this prompt mitigates the unintended consequence when auditors report a material weakness. While regulators are concerned companies are undeservedly receiving clean ICFR audit opinions, our findings indicate adverse ICFR opinions may lead auditors to give companies undeservedly clean financial statement opinions. We provide a potential remedy to this unintended consequence.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengendalian Intern Terhadap Sistem Akuntansi Pembelian dan Persediaan Bahan Baku Pada PT Fuyindo Multi Perdana

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Vini Mariani ◽  
Yonarsie Bindari
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
A Company

Internal control is essential for the operational activities of a company. The author conducted research for internal control of accounting systems and inventory purchases of raw materials. Internal controls for purchasing and inventory of raw materials is essential if companies want to produce a superior product. In this study researchers prepare the field research method by observation and literature study by studying the theories associated with the purchase and supply of raw materials. The results obtained show the important things that can be controlled by the company for operating companies to run well and the management can give a decision based on the reports of evaluation results, it can be suggested that companies should do in the internal control system purchase accounting and inventory of raw materials. 

scholarly journals SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL TERHADAP GAJI DAN UPAH PADA DISTRIK NAVIGASI KELAS 1 BELAWAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Khairani Khairani ◽  
Zuliana Zulkarnaen
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
And Control ◽  
A Company

Navigation District is a company engaged in the transportation sector. Everycompany has an internal control system. The purpose of designing an internalcontrol system from a recent perspective that includes a broader scope is essentiallyto protect company property, encourage accuracy and reliability of accountingdata and reporting, increase business effectiveness and efficiency, and encouragecompliance with management policies that have been outlined and regulations. -the rules are there. The type of data used in this research is primary data, namelyqualitative data. The data obtained were collected, interpreted and analyzed thendescribed in detail to find out the problem and seek an explanation. Researchconducted by researchers is primary data obtained directly from the company inthe form of interviews and observations. The purpose of this study was to analyzeand explain the system and procedures for payroll and wages of the Belawan Class1 Navigation District employees and to analyze and explain internal controls in thepayroll and wage systems of employees in the Class 1 Navigation District ofBelawan. The results showed that the payroll procedure that is usually carried outin Belawan Class 1 Navigation District, namely the treasurer makes payroll detailsthen tested by the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) by issuing a paymentapproval letter, after which it is validated by the SPM Signing Officer (PaymentOrder) by issuing a letter. Pay Order (SPM). The SPM main salary is converted bythe State Treasury Service Office (KPPN). After being converted by KPPN, themain salary will be paid to each employee's account. The internal control systemcarried out by the Ministry of Transportation, Directorate General of SeaTransportation, Class 1 Navigation District, Belawan, is controlled by the KPA(Proxy of Budget Users) which is authorized to prepare DPA (BudgetImplementation Documents) , a budget implementation document used as areference for budget users in carrying out government activities as theimplementation of the APBD (State Budget), establishing a PPK (CommitmentMaking Officer), issuing a decree on the appointment of an expenditure treasurer,article 22 (1), (2), (3), KPA may concurrently act as PPK, formulate a system ofsupervision and control so that the process of settling bills at the expense of theAPBD is carried out in accordance with statutory regulations.

scholarly journals IPTEKS PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DALAM MEMINIMALKAN RESIKO KREDIT BERMASALAH PADA LEMBAGA PEMBIAYAAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskya Clarisa ◽  
Steven J. Tangkuman
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Finance Company ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
A Company

PT. FIFGROUP as a company engaged in financing services is a company whose main source of profit comes from interest on community loans. Therefore the main problem that is often faced for a finance company is bad credit, which is where consumers do not smoothly make installment payments that cause losses, so that the company must think hard to reduce the credit risk so that the company's operational activities can run well. Therefore the internal control system at the company is very important, especially in terms of internal control of credit. The purpose of this study is to find out the internal controls that are applied in the company through the process of credit submission by consumers to billing to minimize credit risk.Keyword : internal control, credit risk

Business Strategy, Internal Control over Financial Reporting, and Audit Reporting Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Bentley-Goode ◽  
Nathan J. Newton ◽  
Anne M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Material Weaknesses ◽  
Jel Classifications

SUMMARY This study examines whether a company's business strategy is an underlying determinant of the strength of its internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) and auditors' internal control reporting quality. Organizational theory suggests that companies following an innovative “prospector” strategy are likely to have weaker internal controls than companies following an efficient “defender” strategy. Consistent with theory, we find that firms with greater prospector-like characteristics are more likely to report and less likely to remediate material weaknesses, incremental to known determinants of material weaknesses. We also find that auditors' internal control reporting quality is lower among clients with greater prospector-like characteristics when measured using the timeliness of reported material weaknesses. Our findings indicate that business strategy is a useful summary indicator for evaluating companies' internal control strength and suggest that internal control reporting is an important area for audit quality improvement among prospector-like clients. JEL Classifications: D21; 21; M41. Data Availability: Data are obtained from public sources as indicated in the text.

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