Feature-Based Test Focus Selection Technique Using Classes Connections Weight

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyad Alazzam ◽  
Mohammed Akour ◽  
Shadi Banitaan ◽  
Feras Hanandeh
Keyword(s):  
Time Constraints ◽  
Integration Testing ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Source Tracing ◽  
System User ◽  
Testing Cost ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Good Mutation ◽  
The Cost

Testing could cost more than fifty percent of all development cost, particularly integration testing consumes around eighty percent of testing cost. Integration testing aims to discover errors in the connections among classes which are collaborate and communicate in order to provide specific services. Though, testing all connections among classes is impractical because of the cost, effort and time constraints. Test focus selection might help testers to concentrate on the main and vital connections among classes which it could be the most error prone ones. The authors proposed approach amalgamates the static and dynamic analysis in order to detect, trace, and weight the connections among classes through method level communications. Their approach harnessed an open source tracing tool (MUTT). The MUTT allows them to return all the methods in all classes that have been called respecting to any specific feature which has triggered by the system user. The experimental results reveal how the proposed approach achieves good mutation testing score on the systems under study.

scholarly journals ROLE OF EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN REDUCING DRUG DEVELOPMENT COST

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Faisal B A Zaidi ◽  
Salma Ahmed ◽  
Munish Makkad
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Patient Enrollment

ABSTRACTPharmaceuticals are passing through the difficult phase due to increasing numbers of patents expiry along with increasing cost of drug development.Protocol design, regulatory cycle time, site selection, patient enrollment and monitoring are some of the cost contributing elements for late phaseclinical trials. This paper applies the principles of project management and suggests means to reduce the cost of late phase drug development. It alsothrows light on the critical role that a project manager can play in overall drug development process.Keywords: Cost of drug development, Effective project management, Reduction in cost of drug development.

Architecture of an Integrated Collaboration Portal for Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Partha Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Patient Enrollment ◽  
And Training ◽  
Clinical Trial Activity

Collaboration is defined as the actions for individuals and teams to work together for a common goal. There are several bottlenecks to an efficient and effective collaborative model of clinical trial including: the lack of a centralized, consistent, globally accessible platform to manage and store essential study related documentation; inconsistent or incomplete work assignments; inefficient notification of key events requiring follow-on action; and incomplete, missing, expired, or redundant documentation and training activities and need to maintain multiple credential to access various system, Removing these barriers is an important part of establishing an environment that fosters collaboration among all constituencies involved in managing clinical trial keeping them connected, informed, and on task by providing access to everyone at any time, from anywhere.The case study below introduces need of an integrated clinical collaboration platform, addressing key functionality of such an platform and describes the architecture & design consideration to industrialize such a platform. The intended audience of this case study is the architects & designers of similar systems. The clinical trial activity for a drug in research is approximately 70% of the overall drug development cost. It is estimated that 4% of the cost of a trial is in 'rework' involving communication, regulatory issues, patient enrollment, document review and replacement of patients. The integrated clinical collaboration platform has potential to eliminate significant amount of cost of re-work, which is in order of $3.5M per trial.

Offshore Norwegian Development Cost Calculated from Project Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Project Data ◽  
The Cost

Governments seek to maximize their revenue from mineral resources without taking so much as to discourage investment. To achieve this, an understanding of the cost of production from any given property is necessary. This paper examines a number of proposed developments in the Norwegian North Sea and uses two methodologies to estimate costs in light of reported investment and production data. The results suggest that even $15/barrel will support development in all cases, though one field could be considered marginal, while $20/barrel makes the fields quite profitable, with rates of return ranging from 20% to 40%.

scholarly journals Configuration and Registration of Multi-Camera Spectral Image Database of Icon Paintings

Computation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Arash Mirhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Image Database ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Spatial Registration ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
The Cost

At the cost of added complexity and time, hyperspectral imaging provides a more accurate measure of the scene’s irradiance compared to an RGB camera. Several camera designs with more than three channels have been proposed to improve the accuracy. The accuracy is often evaluated based on the estimation quality of the spectral data. Currently, such evaluations are carried out with either simulated data or color charts to relax the spatial registration requirement between the images. To overcome this limitation, this article presents an accurately registered image database of six icon paintings captured with five cameras with different number of channels, ranging from three (RGB) to more than a hundred (hyperspectral camera). Icons are challenging topics because they have complex surfaces that reflect light specularly with a high dynamic range. Two contributions are proposed to tackle this challenge. First, an imaging configuration is carefully arranged to control the specular reflection, confine the dynamic range, and provide a consistent signal-to-noise ratio for all the camera channels. Second, a multi-camera, feature-based registration method is proposed with an iterative outlier removal phase that improves the convergence and the accuracy of the process. The method was tested against three other approaches with different features or registration models.

Manufacturing Feature Based Dynamic Cost Estimation for Design

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal Patwardhan ◽  
Karthik Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Feature

Due to the ever-increasing competition in today’s global markets, the cost of the product is rapidly emerging as one of the most crucial factors in deciding the success of the product. Decisions made during the design stage affect as much as 70–80% of the final product cost. Hence, a manufacturing cost estimation tool that can be used by the designer concurrently during the design phase will be of maximum benefit. A literature study of the available cost estimation tools suggests that a majority of these tools are meant for use in the later stages of the product development lifecycle. In the early stages of a product lifecycle, the only information that is available to the designer is related to geometry and material. Hence, the cost estimation methods that have been developed with the intent of being used in the early stages of design make use of the geometric information available at that stage of the design. Most of the earlier models that use parametric cost estimation and features technology consider the design features in their implementation. However, such models fail to consider “manufacturing based features” such as cores and undercuts. These manufacturing based features are very important in deciding the manufacturability and the cost of the part. The Engineering Cost Advisory System (ECAS) is a knowledge-based system that presents cost advice to the designer at the design stage after considering various design parameters and user requirements. Some of these design parameters can be extracted via standard Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Moreover, ECAS uses innovative techniques of geometric reasoning and the hybrid B-rep-voxel model approach to extract manufacturing feature-based geometric information directly from the CAD input. By considering the manufacturing based features along with the design parameters, the ECAS architecture is applicable to a much wider variety of manufacturing processes. The complexity of the part, which is derived from the geometric parameters (manufacturing based and design based) and other non-geometric user requirements (e.g. quantity, material), is used to estimate the manufacturing effort involved in process specific activities. The final cost is then estimated based on this manufacturing effort and considering the hourly rates of labor and other contextual resources as well as material rates.

AN ASSESSMENT OF TESTING COST WITH EFFORT-DEPENDENT FDP AND FCP UNDER LEARNING EFFECT: A GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450027 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIJAY KUMAR ◽  
SUNIL KUMAR KHATRI ◽  
HITESH DUA ◽  
MANISHA SHARMA ◽  
PARIDHI MATHUR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Software Reliability ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Testing Cost ◽  
The Cost

Software testing involves verification and validation of the software to meet the requirements elucidated by customers in the earlier phases and to subsequently increase software reliability. Around half of the resources, such as manpower and CPU time are consumed and a major portion of the total cost of developing the software is incurred in testing phase, making it the most crucial and time-consuming phase of a software development lifecycle (SDLC). Also the fault detection process (FDP) and fault correction process (FCP) are the important processes in SDLC. A number of software reliability growth models (SRGM) have been proposed in the last four decades to capture the time lag between detected and corrected faults. But most of the models are discussed under static environment. The purpose of this paper is to allocate the resources in an optimal manner to minimize the cost during testing phase using FDP and FCP under dynamic environment. An elaborate optimization policy based on optimal control theory for resource allocation with the objective to minimize the cost is proposed. Further, genetic algorithm is applied to obtain the optimum value of detection and correction efforts which minimizes the cost. Numerical example is given in support of the above theoretical result. The experimental results help the project manager to identify the contribution of model parameters and their weight.

Reviewing the Cost of Police Training: A Cost Analysis Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Colin Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Training ◽  
Administration Cost ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Cost

In this article, the author, a long-serving senior Canadian police officer, offers a model of cost analysis for police training. Training plays an important role in contributing toward raising the standards of the police organisation and its productivity levels. The author suggests that the police trainer must not be afraid to examine the cost of police training, and the cost of not providing training. A cost-analysis model is offered to the reader to accurately access the student cost, instructor cost, facilities cost, administration cost, instructional and development cost.

scholarly journals Transfer Learning for Wireless Fingerprinting Localization Based on Optimal Transport

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6994
Author(s):  
Siqi Bai ◽  
Yongjie Luo ◽  
Qun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Wasserstein Distance ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Radio Map

Wireless fingerprinting localization (FL) systems identify locations by building radio fingerprint maps, aiming to provide satisfactory location solutions for the complex environment. However, the radio map is easy to change, and the cost of building a new one is high. One research focus is to transfer knowledge from the old radio maps to a new one. Feature-based transfer learning methods help by mapping the source fingerprint and the target fingerprint to a common hidden domain, then minimize the maximum mean difference (MMD) distance between the empirical distributions in the latent domain. In this paper, the optimal transport (OT)-based transfer learning is adopted to directly map the fingerprint from the source domain to the target domain by minimizing the Wasserstein distance so that the data distribution of the two domains can be better matched and the positioning performance in the target domain is improved. Two channel-models are used to simulate the transfer scenarios, and the public measured data test further verifies that the transfer learning based on OT has better accuracy and performance when the radio map changes in FL, indicating the importance of the method in this field.

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