Differentiating between Leadership Competencies and Styles

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed ◽  
Noor Azmi bin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Task Oriented

Literature reveals a number of confusions within the area of project management regarding the use of terminology and differing interpretations, concerning leadership competencies and leadership styles. In project management literature, many empirical studies have examined the influence of leadership competencies or styles, but yet any substantial review study has rarely been conducted to differentiate between leadership competencies and styles. This study aims to differentiate between leadership competencies and leadership styles in project management literature. This study found that the project manager's leadership terms including competence, competency, competencies, and styles have frequently been used in project management literature. Furthermore, literature has been synthesized to provide more familiarity and understanding on leadership competencies and styles. Findings indicate that leadership competencies and styles are two different things but a few characteristics are common between both the terms. Furthermore, leadership competencies are more suitable for task-oriented activities and leadership styles are more appropriate for relationship-oriented factors. This study has implications for the future directions to identify differences between project manger's average and superior performance through comparison of leadership competencies and styles.

Differentiating between Leadership Competencies and Styles

2016 ◽  
pp. 1674-1688
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed ◽  
Noor Azmi bin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Future ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Task Oriented

Literature reveals a number of confusions within the area of project management regarding the use of terminology and differing interpretations, concerning leadership competencies and leadership styles. In project management literature, many empirical studies have examined the influence of leadership competencies or styles, but yet any substantial review study has rarely been conducted to differentiate between leadership competencies and styles. This study aims to differentiate between leadership competencies and leadership styles in project management literature. This study found that the project manager's leadership terms including competence, competency, competencies, and styles have frequently been used in project management literature. Furthermore, literature has been synthesized to provide more familiarity and understanding on leadership competencies and styles. Findings indicate that leadership competencies and styles are two different things but a few characteristics are common between both the terms. Furthermore, leadership competencies are more suitable for task-oriented activities and leadership styles are more appropriate for relationship-oriented factors. This study has implications for the future directions to identify differences between project manger's average and superior performance through comparison of leadership competencies and styles.

Delay Discounting in Impulsive Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Moreira ◽  
Fernando Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Future

Abstract. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature databases, through rigorous criteria (we included systematic reviews and empirical studies with adult human subjects), following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 174 documents obtained, 19 were considered eligible for inclusion and were retained for in-depth analysis. In addition, 13 studies from the manual search were included. Thus, a total of 32 studies were selected for review. The objectives/hypotheses, results, and the main conclusion(s) were extracted from each study. Results show that people with pronounced traits of impulsivity discount rewards more markedly, that is, they prefer immediate rewards, though of less value, or postponed losses, even though they worsen in the future. Taken together, the existing data suggest the importance of inserting DD as a tool for initial assessment in conjunction with measures of addiction and stress level, as well as the consideration of new therapies.

Empirical Musical Imagery beyond the “Mind’s Ear”

2019 ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
Freya Bailes
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Auditory Imagery ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Musical Imagery ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Auditory Experience ◽  
Kinesthetic Imagery

Freya Bailes deals with the topic of musical imagery, and she uses embodied cognition as a framework to argue that musical imagery is a multimodal experience. Existing empirical studies of musical imagery are reviewed and Bailes points to future directions for the study of musical imagery as an embodied-cognition phenomenon. Arguing that musical imagery can never be fully disembodied, Bailes moves beyond the idea of auditory imagery as merely a simulation of auditory experience by “the mind’s ear.” Instead, she outlines how imagining sounds involves kinesthetic imagery and she concludes that sound and music are always connected to sensory motor processing.

scholarly journals The prototypes of nanozyme-based nanorobots

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Jiaying Xie ◽  
Yiliang Jin ◽  
Kelong Fan ◽  
Xiyun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Nanomaterials ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flexible Designs

AbstractArtificial nanorobot is a type of robots designed for executing complex tasks at nanoscale. The nanorobot system is typically consisted of four systems, including logic control, driving, sensing and functioning. Considering the subtle structure and complex functionality of nanorobot, the manufacture of nanorobots requires designable, controllable and multi-functional nanomaterials. Here, we propose that nanozyme is a promising candidate for fabricating nanorobots due to its unique properties, including flexible designs, controllable enzyme-like activities, and nano-sized physicochemical characters. Nanozymes may participate in one system or even combine several systems of nanorobots. In this review, we summarize the advances on nanozyme-based systems for fabricating nanorobots, and prospect the future directions of nanozyme for constructing nanorobots. We hope that the unique properties of nanozymes will provide novel ideas for designing and fabricating nanorobotics.

scholarly journals Population screening for glaucoma in UK: current recommendations and future directions

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Hamid ◽  
Parul Desai ◽  
Pirro Hysi ◽  
Jennifer M. Burr ◽  
Anthony P. Khawaja
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk

AbstractEffective population screening for glaucoma would enable earlier diagnosis and prevention of irreversible vision loss. The UK National Screening Committee (NSC) recently published a review that examined the viability, effectiveness and appropriateness of a population-based screening programme for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In our article, we summarise the results of the review and discuss some future directions that may enable effective population screening for glaucoma in the future. Two key questions were addressed by the UK NSC review; is there a valid, accurate screening test for POAG, and does evidence exist that screening reduces morbidity from POAG compared with standard care. Six new studies were identified since the previous 2015 review. The review concluded that screening for glaucoma in adults is not recommended because there is no clear evidence for a sufficiently accurate screening test or for better outcomes with screening compared to current care. The next UK NSC review is due to be conducted in 2023. One challenge for POAG screening is that the relatively low disease prevalence results in too many false-positive referrals, even with an accurate test. In the future, targeted screening of a population subset with a higher prevalence of glaucoma may be effective. Recent developments in POAG polygenic risk prediction and deep learning image analysis offer potential avenues to identifying glaucoma-enriched sub-populations. Until such time, opportunistic case finding through General Ophthalmic Services remains the primary route for identification of glaucoma in the UK and greater public awareness of the service would be of benefit.

scholarly journals The Social Robot in Rehabilitation and Assistance: What is the Future?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Daniele Giansanti
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Collaborative Robotics ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

This commentary aims to address the field of social robots both in terms of the global situation and research perspectives. It has four polarities. First, it revisits the evolutions in robotics, which, starting from collaborative robotics, has led to the diffusion of social robots. Second, it illustrates the main fields in the employment of social robots in rehabilitation and assistance in the elderly and handicapped and in further emerging sectors. Third, it takes a look at the future directions of the research development both in terms of clinical and technological aspects. Fourth, it discusses the opportunities and limits, starting from the development and clinical use of social robots during the COVID-19 pandemic to the increase of ethical discussion on their use.

Suppression of dendritic lithium growth in lithium metal-based batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (50) ◽  
pp. 6648-6661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Li ◽  
Siyuan Li ◽  
Yingying Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
The Future

We describe the challenges of high-energy lithium-metal batteries and outline the future directions that are expected to drive their progress.

Future Directions in Simulation and Training

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Swezey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Simulation And Training ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Training

A discussion of potential future directions in the areas of simulation and training is presented. Advantages, disadvantages and problems associated with training-oriented simulations are discussed, and several areas including: holography, social processes, mnemonics, trance learning, and electrical and biochemical brain stimulation are presented as fertile areas for increased development in the future.

Similar but Different: A Top-Down Benchmarking Approach to Investigate Nuclear Decommissioning Projects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Colette Invernizzi ◽  
Giorgio Locatelli ◽  
Naomi J. Brookes ◽  
Martin Grey
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Rocky Flats ◽  
Nuclear Decommissioning ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Nuclear Site ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Management Literature

Project management literature has, until now, mainly focused on new build and only in the last decades the issues of decommissioning (mega) projects has arisen. To respond to this changing environment, project management will need to understand the challenges of decommissioning projects. Decommissioning projects within Oil & Gas, Chemical and Nuclear sectors are characterized by high costs, long schedules and uncertainty-based risks. The budget for Nuclear Decommissioning Projects and Programmes (NDPs) are subject to well publicized increases and, due to their relatively recent emergence, complexity and variety, key stakeholders lack a full understanding of the key factors influencing these increases. Benchmarking involves “comparing actual or planned practices [...] to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement” [1] and offers significant potential to improve the performance of project selection, planning and delivery. However, even if benchmarking is the envisaged methodology to investigate the NDPs characteristics that impact on the NDPs performance, until now, it has only been partially used and there is a huge gap in the literature concerning benchmarking NDPs. This paper adapts a top-down benchmarking approach to highlight the NDPs characteristics that mostly impact on the NDPs performance. This is exemplified by a systematic quantitative and qualitative cross-comparison of two major “similar-but-different” NDPs: Rocky Flats (US) and Sellafield (UK). Main results concern the understanding of the alternatives of the owner and/or the contractors in relation to (1) the physical characteristics and the end state of the nuclear site, (2) the governance, funding & contracting schemes, and (3) the stakeholders’ engagement.

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