Dual Image-Based Dictionary Encoded Data Hiding in Spatial Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Giridhar Maji ◽  
Sharmistha Mandal ◽  
Soumya Sen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Probability Testing ◽  
Standard Quality

In the modern digital era, the privacy of personal communication is a serious concern to all netizens. A better way to preserve privacy could be to hide the secret message inside some innocent looking digital object such as image, audio, video, etc., which is known as steganography. A new steganographic scheme using a reference image along with the cover image has been proposed in this article. It enhances the robustness and security by increasing the obscurity of the hidden message. It also employs an additional dictionary-based encoding module to increase the hiding capacity as well as security. Experiments show that bit changes in the reference image are very few and undetectable to human perception, it also evades common statistical tests. Evaluation of standard quality parameters such as MSE, PSNR, UIQI, SSIM along with chi-squared statistics based embedding probability testing has been performed. When dictionary-based encoding is applied it further improves the quality parameters.

Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia Mahogany (L.)Jacq) Untuk Pembuatan Obat Anti Nyamuk Elektrik

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yuska Novi Yanti ◽  
Hepiyansori Hepiyansori
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Traditional Crops

<p>Indonesia daerah tropis yang baik untuk perkembangan jenis nyamuk sehingga membahayakan kesehatan. Indonesia kaya tanaman tradisional untuk  pengobatan. Salah Satunya Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq) pada bagian biji yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan malaria, diabetes, dan darah tinggi. Kandungan pada biji Mahoni yaitu saponin dan flavanoid dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan obat anti nyamuk. Sampel penelitian ini adalah biji mahoni yang diambil dari Taman Remaja Kota Bengkulu lalu di maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol p.a dan etanol 96% selanjutnya ekstrak dibuat menjadi 3 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu 1%, 3% dan 5%. Kemudian dibuat keping anti nyamuk dan di buat obat anti nyamuknya, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian evalusi ekstrak meliputi uji organoleptis, uji kadar abu dan uji rendemen kemudian pengujian evalusi sediaan yang meliputi uji organoleptis, uji keping anti nyamuk dan uji ketahanan sediaan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan keping nyamuk, Ekstrak biji mahoni berwarna coklat sampai kemerahan, memiliki bau khas (aroma kacang tanah), konsistensi cukup padat sedikit berminyak dan berasa pahit. Uji parameter standar menghasilkan data untuk rendemen sebesar 0,8235% untuk metanol dan 0,6747% untuk etanol, kadar abu untuk metanol 1,249% dan untuk etanol 1,022%. sehingga ekstrak metanol biji mahoni dapat dibuat menjadi sediaan keping anti nyamuk.</p><p><em>Indonesia tropical region places the development  some mosquitoes that endanger health. Indonesia traditional crops can used for treatment. Mahoni (Swietenia mahogany (L.)Jacq)  a plant which usually treatment. Especially   part of the seed malaria drugs, diabetes and high blood pseasure.That in the seeds of mahoni there is saponin and flavonid can be used as a mosquito repellent. The sample this research is seeds mahoni taken from the Remaja Bengkulu Pares. Processed  maserasi with methanol solvent p.a and ethanol 96% next methanol made to 3 concentration an extract that 1%, 3% and 5%. Created pieces of mosquito repellent and mosquito repellent that followed terts the evaluation of extract. covers organoleptis, ash content and rendemen and testing performed and evaluation dosage, includes organoleptis, pieces  mosquito repellent and dosage resutance.Result experiment is extract methanol seeds mahoni 82,35 gram and extract ethanol seeds mahoni 67,47 gram. Extract colored from dark brown to reddish, have peanut like aroma, adequate compact consistency, bitter taste and not sticky in hand. The result of standard quality parameters rendemen extract methanol 0,8235% and rendemen extract ethanol 0,6747%, ash content extract methanol 1,247% and ash content extract ethanol 1,022%. so that the extract of methanol mahogany seeds can  made into anti-mosquito </em></p>

scholarly journals The Comparison of Physicochemical Parameters, Antioxidant Activity and Proteins for the Raw Local Polish Honeys and Imported Honey Blends

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2423
Author(s):  
Michał Miłek ◽  
Aleksandra Bocian ◽  
Ewelina Kleczyńska ◽  
Patrycja Sowa ◽  
Małgorzata Dżugan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Standard Quality

Many imported honeys distributed on the Polish market compete with local products mainly by lower price, which can correspond to lower quality and widespread adulteration. The aim of the study was to compare honey samples (11 imported honey blends and 5 local honeys) based on their antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH, FRAP, and total phenolic content), protein profile obtained by native PAGE, soluble protein content, diastase, and acid phosphatase activities identified by zymography. These indicators were correlated with standard quality parameters (water, HMF, pH, free acidity, and electrical conductivity). It was found that raw local Polish honeys show higher antioxidant and enzymatic activity, as well as being more abundant in soluble protein. With the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) protein content and diastase number were found to be significant (p < 0.05) among all tested parameters to differentiate imported honey from raw local honeys.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STATISTICAL DEPENDENCES OF VOICE DATA QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN TRAFFIC OF IP-NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Кирилл Батенков ◽  
Kirill Batenkov ◽  
Александр Королев ◽  
Aleksandr Korolev ◽  
Михаил Илюшин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Tcp Protocol ◽  
Service Information ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Voice Message ◽  
Voice Data

The aim of the work is to investigate statistical characteristics of multimedia services traffic of IP-network on the basis of the service information analysis of package headings. The investigation method is mathematical mod-eling in the Mathcad 14 environment. As a result of the investigations, a mathematical apparatus allowing the fulfillment of a point and interval assessment of separate constituents of voice messaging quality and also the decisionmaking regarding the satisfaction degree by users with the service offered. In the work on the basis of measurements with the aid of the Wireshark program and the TCP protocol there are carried out the investigations of permissible fields in a quality parameter variation of voice message perception. A stochastic tie is revealed between transfer standard quality parameters by means of plotting diagrams and histograms of the assessments of these parameters mutual impact. The most significant indices of transfer quality parameters form the standpoint of their impact upon quality of voice message perception are RTT indices and loss factors.

scholarly journals Video steganography based on DCT psychovisual and object motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fuad ◽  
Ferda Ernawan
Keyword(s):  
Video Quality ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
Video Reconstruction

Steganography is a technique of concealing the message in multimedia data. Multimedia data, such as videos are often compressed to reduce the storage for limited bandwidth. The video provides additional hidden-space in the object motion of image sequences. This research proposes a video steganography scheme based on object motion and DCT-psychovisual for concealing the message. The proposed hiding technique embeds a secret message along the object motion of the video frames. Motion analysis is used to determine the embedding regions. The proposed scheme selects six DCT coefficients in the middle frequency using DCT-psychovisual effects of hiding messages. A message is embedded by modifying middle DCT coefficients using the proposed algorithm. The middle frequencies have a large hiding capacity and it relatively does not give significant effect to the video reconstruction. The performance of the proposed video steganography is evaluated in terms of video quality and robustness against MPEG compression. The experimental results produce minimum distortion of the video quality. Our scheme produces a robust of hiding messages against MPEG-4 compression with average NC value of 0.94. The proposed video steganography achieves less perceptual distortion to human eyes and it's resistant against reducing video storage.

scholarly journals Mining Connected Vehicle Data for Beneficial Patterns in Dubai Taxi Operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Bridgelall ◽  
Pan Lu ◽  
Denver D. Tolliver ◽  
Tai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Cleaning Method ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Trip Production

On-demand shared mobility services such as Uber and microtransit are steadily penetrating the worldwide market for traditional dispatched taxi services. Hence, taxi companies are seeking ways to compete. This study mined large-scale mobility data from connected taxis to discover beneficial patterns that may inform strategies to improve dispatch taxi business. It is not practical to manually clean and filter large-scale mobility data that contains GPS information. Therefore, this research contributes and demonstrates an automated method of data cleaning and filtering that is suitable for such types of datasets. The cleaning method defines three filter variables and applies a layered statistical filtering technique to eliminate outlier records that do not contribute to distributions that match expected theoretical distributions of the variables. Chi-squared statistical tests evaluate the quality of the cleaned data by comparing the distribution of the three variables with their expected distributions. The overall cleaning method removed approximately 5% of the data, which consisted of errors that were obvious and others that were poor quality outliers. Subsequently, mining the cleaned data revealed that trip production in Dubai peaks for the case when only the same two drivers operate the same taxi. This finding would not have been possible without access to proprietary data that contains unique identifiers for both drivers and taxis. Datasets that identify individual drivers are not publicly available.

Secret Communication Techniques

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Secret Communication ◽  
Text Steganography ◽  
Distortion Measure

This chapter introduces the reader to cryptography, steganography, watermarking, and quality parameters of image steganography techniques. Cryptography is a technique for secret communication. Steganography is a technique for secret and unnoticeable communication. The watermarking techniques hide watermarks inside the digital media. There are four types of steganography techniques: (1) image steganography, (2) audio steganography, (3) video steganography, and (4) text steganography. The quality of image steganographic algorithms can be measured by three parameters like (1) hiding capacity, (2) distortion measure, and (3) security check.

scholarly journals Pixel-Value-Ordering based Reversible Information Hiding Scheme with Self-Adaptive Threshold Strategy

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chuen Lu ◽  
Chun-Ya Tseng ◽  
Shu-Wen Huang ◽  
Thanh Nhan
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Threshold Strategy ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Hide Information ◽  
Reversible Information Hiding ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Difference

Pixel value ordering (PVO) hiding scheme is a kind of data embedding technique that hides a secret message in the difference of the largest and second largest pixels of a block. After that, the scholars improved PVO scheme by using a threshold to determine whether the block is smooth or complex. Only a smooth block can be used to hide information. The researchers analyzed all the possible thresholds to find the proper one for hiding secret message. However, it is time consuming. Some researchers decomposing the smooth block into four smaller blocks for hiding more messages to increase image quality. However, the complexity of the block is more important than block size. Hence, this study proposes an ameliorated method. The proposed scheme analyzes the variation of the region so as to judge the complexity of the block and applies quantification strategy to quantified the pixel for making sure the pixel is reversible. It adopts an adaptive threshold generation mechanism to find the proper threshold for different images. The results show that the image quality of the proposed scheme is higher than that of the other methods. The proposed scheme can also let the user adjust the hiding rate to achieve higher image quality or hiding capacity.

Corpus Statistics for Empirical Translation Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 541-559
Author(s):  
Michael Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Visualization Techniques

In recent years a number of authors have made good use of statistical texts in empirical translation studies. These tests are well established in the scientific literature but have only recently been applied to the comparison of original and translated texts for the identification of the characteristics of “translationese.” There has also been interest in the comparison between professional and student translations and between machine and human translation. In this chapter, various statistical tests are examined in the context of real-world empirical studies in translation: analysis of variance and Tukey’s “honestly significant difference” test, the chi-squared test and the G-statistic, and the visualization techniques of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the linguistic features chosen or found to characterize the original and translated texts.

scholarly journals Shelf-Life Prediction of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Using an Empirical Model Based on Standard Quality Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Guillaume ◽  
Leandro Ravetti
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Virgin Olive Oils ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Basic Quality

Extra virgin olive oil shelf-life could be defined as the length of time under normal storage conditions within which no off-flavours or defects are developed and quality parameters such as peroxide value and specific absorbance are retained within accepted limits for this commercial category. Prediction of shelf-life is a desirable goal in the food industry. Even when extra virgin olive oil shelf-life should be one of the most important quality markers for extra virgin olive oil, it is not recognised as a legal parameter in most regulations and standards around the world. The proposed empirical formula to be evaluated in the present study is based on common quality tests with known and predictable result changes over time and influenced by different aspects of extra virgin olive oil with a meaningful influence over its shelf-life. The basic quality tests considered in the formula are Rancimat® or induction time (IND); 1,2-diacylglycerols (DAGs); pyropheophytin a (PPP); and free fatty acids (FFA). This paper reports research into the actual shelf-life of commercially packaged extra virgin olive oils versus the predicted shelf-life of those oils determined by analysing the expected deterioration curves for the three basic quality tests detailed above. Based on the proposed model, shelf-life is predicted by choosing the lowest predicted shelf-life of any of those three tests.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPE OF AIRLINE AND WAGE OF PILOTS IN EUROPE

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Ginieis ◽  
M. Victoria Sánchez-Rebull ◽  
Fernando Campa-Planas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chi Squared

The main objective of this work is to establish whether there are differences in airline pilots’ salaries between the different types of airlines in Europe. With regard to airline type, the companies are categorised into traditional airlines (flag carriers and regular/regional/charter flights) and low-cost airlines. We have examined a total of 176 European airlines and analysed different categories of pilots (Captain Top, Captain Base, First Officer Top and First Officer Base). Two statistical tests were applied (the Haberman test and the chi-squared test) to demonstrate whether there is an association and dependence between types of airlines and pilots’ salaries. The results show that there is association and dependence, from which we can deduce that the earnings of pilots are dependent upon the type of airline for which they work.

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