Fuzzy based Data Fusion for Energy Efficient Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Mohan Agarwal ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Govil ◽  
Madhavi Sinha ◽  
Saurabh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Network Quality

Internet of Things will serve communities across the different domains of life. The resource of embedded devices and objects working under IoT implementation are constrained in wireless networks. Thus, building a scheme to make full use of energy is key issue for such networks. To achieve energy efficiency, an effective Fuzzy-based network data Fusion Light Weight Protocol (FLWP) is proposed in this article. The innovations of FLWP are as follows: 1) the simulated network's data fusion through fuzzy controller and optimize the energy efficiency of smart tech layer of internet of things (Energy IoT); 2) The optimized reactive route is dynamically adjusted based on fuzzy based prediction accurately from the number of routes provided by base protocol. If the selection accuracy is high, the performance enhances the network quality; 3) FLWP takes full advantage of energy to further enhance target tracking performance by properly selecting reactive routes in the network. Authors evaluated the efficiency of FLWP with simulation-based experiments. FLWP scheme improves the energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency in Short and Wide-Area IoT Technologies—A Survey

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eljona Zanaj ◽  
Giuseppe Caso ◽  
Luca De Nardis ◽  
Alireza Mohammadpour ◽  
Özgü Alay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the last years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key application context in the design and evolution of technologies in the transition toward a 5G ecosystem. More and more IoT technologies have entered the market and represent important enablers in the deployment of networks of interconnected devices. As network and spatial device densities grow, energy efficiency and consumption are becoming an important aspect in analyzing the performance and suitability of different technologies. In this framework, this survey presents an extensive review of IoT technologies, including both Low-Power Short-Area Networks (LPSANs) and Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs), from the perspective of energy efficiency and power consumption. Existing consumption models and energy efficiency mechanisms are categorized, analyzed and discussed, in order to highlight the main trends proposed in literature and standards toward achieving energy-efficient IoT networks. Current limitations and open challenges are also discussed, aiming at highlighting new possible research directions.

scholarly journals Feedforward Tactical Optimization for Energy-Efficient Operation of Freight Trains: The Swiss Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (10) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio De Martinis ◽  
Ambra Toletti ◽  
Francesco Corman ◽  
Ulrich A. Weidmann ◽  
Andrew Nash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The North ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Profile Optimization

The optimization of rail operation for improving energy efficiency plays an important role for the current and future market of rail freight services and helps rail compete with other transport modes. This paper presents a feedforward simulation-based model that performs speed profile optimization together with minor rescheduling actions. The model’s purpose is to provide railway operators and infrastructure managers with energy-efficient solutions that are tailored especially for freight trains. This work starts from the assumption that freight train characteristics are completely defined only a few hours before actual departure; therefore, small specific feedforward adjustments that do not affect the surrounding operation can still be considered. The model was tested in a numerical example. The example clearly shows how the optimized solutions can be evaluated with reference to energy saved and robustness within the rail traffic. The evaluation is based on real data from the North–South corridor crossing Switzerland from Germany to Italy.

scholarly journals Understanding Security Requirements and Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT): A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufian Hameed ◽  
Faraz Idris Khan ◽  
Bilal Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Free Flow Of Information ◽  
Flow Of Information

Internet of things (IoT) is realized by the idea of free flow of information amongst various low-power embedded devices that use the Internet to communicate with one another. It is predicted that the IoT will be widely deployed and will find applicability in various domains of life. Demands of IoT have lately attracted huge attention, and organizations are excited about the business value of the data that will be generated by deploying such networks. On the contrary, IoT has various security and privacy concerns for the end users that limit its proliferation. In this paper, we have identified, categorized, and discussed various security challenges and state-of-the-art efforts to resolve these challenges.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Optimization of Cognitive UAV-Assisted Edge Communication for Semantic Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yilong Gu ◽  
Yangchao Huang ◽  
Hang Hu ◽  
Weiting Gao ◽  
Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
The Internet Of Things

With the consolidation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) based IoT has attracted much attention in recent years. In the IoT, cognitive UAV can not only overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity but also improve the communication quality of the edge nodes. However, due to the generation of massive and redundant IoT data, it is difficult to realize the mutual understanding between UAV and ground nodes. At the same time, the performance of the UAV is severely limited by its battery capacity. In order to form an autonomous and energy-efficient IoT system, we investigate semantically driven cognitive UAV networks to maximize the energy efficiency (EE). The semantic device model for cognitive UAV-assisted IoT communication is constructed. And the sensing time, the flight speed of UAV, and the coverage range of UAV communication are jointly optimized to maximize the EE. Then, an efficient alternative algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, we provide computer simulations to validate the proposed algorithm. The performance of the joint optimization scheme based on the proposed algorithm is compared to some benchmark schemes. And the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain the optimal system parameters and can significantly improve the EE.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Zone-Based Routing with Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rab Nawaz Jadoon ◽  
WuYang Zhou ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Amir Khan ◽  
Shahbaz Akhtar Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Static Clustering

Routing remains a most challenging task in sensor networks because of constrained resources like battery power, processing, and memory. Many energy efficiency techniques for the sensor networks have been proposed, among which hierarchical routing is considered the most energy-efficient and extended network lifetime technique. This technique has a lesser number of transmissions in the network. On the contrary, zone-based routing claims lesser control and routing overhead on the overall network lifetime. In this research, a simulation-based comparison of zone-based routing with static clustering hierarchical routing is conducted. The simulation results show that the zone-based routing outperforms hierarchical routing with static clustering in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, and throughput.

scholarly journals An Energy-Efficient and Adaptive Channel Coding Approach for Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Migabo ◽  
Karim Djouani ◽  
Anish Kurien
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Link Adaptation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Channel Conditions ◽  
Repetition Number

Most of the current research work on the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is focused on enhancing its network coverage. Many of the existing NB-IoT channel coding techniques are based on repeating transmission data and control signals as a way of enhancing the network’s reliability and therefore, enabling long-distance transmissions. Although most of these efforts are made at the expense of reducing the energy consumption of the NB-IoT network, they do not always consider the channel conditions. Therefore, this work proposes a novel NB-IoT Energy-Efficient Adaptive Channel Coding (EEACC) scheme. The EEACC approach is a two-dimensional (2D) approach which not only selects an appropriate channel coding scheme based on the estimated channel conditions (dynamically classified as bad, medium or good from initial based on a periodically assessed BLER performance outcome) but also minimizes the transmission repetition number under a pre-assessed probability of successful transmission (based on the ratio of previous successful transmissions over the total number of transmissions). This results in creating a single mixed gradient based on which a higher or lower Modulating Coding Scheme (MCS) is selected on each transmission. It is aimed at enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the network by dynamically selecting the appropriate Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) number and efficiently minimizing the transmission repetition number. Link-level simulations are performed under different channel conditions (good, medium, or bad) considerations to assess the performance of the proposed up-link adaptation technique for NB-IoT. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms the existing Narrowband Link Adaptation (NBLA) as well as the traditional repetition schemes in terms of the achieved energy efficiency as well as network reliability, latency, and scalability.

scholarly journals Green Energy Efficient Routing with Deep Learning Based Anomaly Detection for Internet of Things (IoT) Communications

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
E. Laxmi Lydia ◽  
A. Arokiaraj Jovith ◽  
A. Francis Saviour Devaraj ◽  
Changho Seo ◽  
Gyanendra Prasad Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Iot Applications

Presently, a green Internet of Things (IoT) based energy aware network plays a significant part in the sensing technology. The development of IoT has a major impact on several application areas such as healthcare, smart city, transportation, etc. The exponential rise in the sensor nodes might result in enhanced energy dissipation. So, the minimization of environmental impact in green media networks is a challenging issue for both researchers and business people. Energy efficiency and security remain crucial in the design of IoT applications. This paper presents a new green energy-efficient routing with DL based anomaly detection (GEER-DLAD) technique for IoT applications. The presented model enables IoT devices to utilize energy effectively in such a way as to increase the network span. The GEER-DLAD technique performs error lossy compression (ELC) technique to lessen the quantity of data communication over the network. In addition, the moth flame swarm optimization (MSO) algorithm is applied for the optimal selection of routes in the network. Besides, DLAD process takes place via the recurrent neural network-long short term memory (RNN-LSTM) model to detect anomalies in the IoT communication networks. A detailed experimental validation process is carried out and the results ensured the betterment of the GEER-DLAD model in terms of energy efficiency and detection performance.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Decision based Routing Technique using Fog Computing Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 964-969
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the era of new technologies, Fog computing becomes very popular in today’s scenario. Fog computing paradigm brings a concept that extends cloud computing to the edge and close proximity to the Internet of Things (IoT) network. The fundamental components of fog computing are fog nodes. Additionally, fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. Numerous fog nodes are deployed in the associated fields that will handle the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors computation. Meanwhile, the Internet of Things (IoT) faces challenges, among which energy efficiency is one of the most prominent or critical challenges in the current scenario. However, sensor devices are an energy constraintthatcreateshotspotduringtheroutingprocess.Forthis reason,tohandlesuchconstraints,thispaperpresentsaneffective hotspot mechanism using fog nodes that demonstrate the routing process and directed the sensors to choose the routing path as selected by the fog node. Moreover, fog node will act as a decision maker node and maintain the energy efficiency of sensors during the routing as fog nodes are energy efficient nodes. As it moves towards the emergency situation, the most appropriate and effective routing approach has been designed who maintain the energy level of sensors will be high during the routing process. The proposed routing technique could be better performance for the sake of efficient routing in terms of energy consumption and prolonging networklifetime.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Transmission Based on Direct Links: Toward Secure Cooperative Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Shang ◽  
Aijun Liu ◽  
Yida Wang ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Secrecy Outage ◽  
Secure Transmission ◽  
Efficient Transmission

In this paper, the secure uplink transmission scenario in Internet of Things (IoT) applications is investigated, where one of multiple sensors communicates with the controller aided by the cooperative relay. Firstly, by considering the direct link, an energy-efficient transmission scheme (EET) is proposed, which can be suitable for the resource-constrained devices and applications in IoT communication. Moreover, the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and secure energy efficiency (SEE) of different transmission strategies are derived, which contributes to the design of energy-efficient secure transmission. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that EET outperforms other transmission protocols in terms of SEE in most situations. To improve the secrecy performance and energy efficiency of the IoT deployment, EET can be adopted as an effective additional strategy in practical applications.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽  
Eugene B. Solntsev ◽  
Oleg Yu. Malafeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

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