Molecular and Behavioural Evidence Suggesting a Re-Examination of the Taxonomy ofAproaerema simplexella(Walker),Aproaerema modicella(Deventer) andStomopteryx subsecivellaZeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Buthelezi ◽  
G.E. Zharare ◽  
D.E. Conlong
Keyword(s):  
Aproaerema Modicella ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

scholarly journals Perceiving Music Through the Lens of Synaesthesia and Absolute Pitch

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110344
Author(s):  
Solange Glasser
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

Synaesthesia and absolute pitch (AP) are two rare conditions that occur more frequently within populations of artistic professionals. Current thinking surrounding synaesthesia and AP and their relationship to music perception form the focus of this article. Given that synaesthesia has rarely been discussed in the music literature, the article surveys and consolidates general neurobiological, psychological, and behavioural evidence to summarise what is currently known on this topic, in order to link this back to the conditions that most relate to music. In contrast, research on AP is now well established in the music literature, but the important gap of linking AP to other conditions such as synaesthesia has yet to be fully explored. This article investigates the potential relationship between synaesthesia and AP for musicians who possess both conditions by systematically comparing the definitions, classifications, prevalence, diagnoses, and impacts on music perception of synaesthesia and AP and provides insights into the varying states of the literature and knowledge of both conditions. In so doing, this article aims to facilitate a greater understanding of music and auditory forms of synaesthesia and their interaction with AP and encourage increased research effort on this important topic.

scholarly journals Daytime micro-naps in a nocturnal migrant: an EEG analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Fuchs ◽  
D Maury ◽  
F.R Moore ◽  
V.P Bingman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Eeg Analysis ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Avian Migration ◽  
Unihemispheric Sleep ◽  
Daytime Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

Many species of typically diurnal songbirds experience sleep loss during the migratory seasons owing to their nocturnal migrations. However, despite substantial loss of sleep, nocturnally migrating songbirds continue to function normally with no observable effect on their behaviour. It is unclear if and how avian migrants compensate for sleep loss. Recent behavioural evidence suggests that some species may compensate for lost night-time sleep with short, uni- and bilateral ‘micro-naps’ during the day. We provide electrophysiological evidence that short episodes of sleep-like daytime behaviour (approx. 12 s) are accompanied by sleep-like changes in brain activity in an avian migrant. Furthermore, we present evidence that part of this physiological brain response manifests itself as unihemispheric sleep, a state during which one brain hemisphere is asleep while the other hemisphere remains essentially awake. Episodes of daytime sleep may represent a potent adaptation to the challenges of avian migration and offer a plausible explanation for the resilience to sleep loss in nocturnal migrants.

Behavioural Evidence of Sex-Linked Colour Vision Polymorphism in the Squirrel Monkey Saimiri ustus

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina C. Prado ◽  
Daniel M.A. Pessoa ◽  
Flavio Luis L. Sousa ◽  
Valdir F. Pessoa
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Colour Vision ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

Do children interpret ‘marked’ comparative adjectives as their opposites?

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Common Error ◽  
Comparative Adjectives ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

ABSTRACTChildren aged 2;6–4;0 were asked questions containing comparative and superlative forms of adjectives from pairs designated as unmarked/marked or simply positive/negative. Children's answers required a choice of one out of five objects. Differences in frequency of correct responses were generally greater between unmarked/marked pairs than between simple positive/negative pairs, but the response of ‘greatest extent’ to marked adjective questions was seldom a significantly common error. Linguistic arguments for the unmarked/marked distinction in comparative adjectives are reviewed, and it is concluded that there is no linguistic or behavioural evidence for a marking explanation of children's difficulty with ‘marked’ comparative adjectives.

scholarly journals Behavioural evidence for self-medication in bumblebees?

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baracchi ◽  
Mark J. F. Brown ◽  
Lars Chittka
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Crithidia Bombi ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

The presence of antimicrobial secondary metabolites in nectar suggests that pollinators, which are threatened globally by emergent disease, may benefit from the consumption of nectars rich in these metabolites. We tested whether nicotine, a nectar secondary metabolite common in Solanaceae and Tilia species, is used by parasitized bumblebees as a source of self-medication, using a series of toxicological, microbiological and behavioural experiments. Caged bees infected with Crithidia bombi had a slight preference for sucrose solution laced with the alkaloid and behavioural tests showed that the parasite infection induced an increased consumption of nicotine during foraging activity, though nicotine had an appetite-reducing effect overall. When ingested, nicotine delayed the progression of a gut infection in bumblebees by a few days, but dietary nicotine did not clear the infection, and after 10 days the parasite load approached that of control bees. Moreover, when pathogens were exposed to the alkaloid prior to host ingestion, the protozoan’s viability was not directly affected, suggesting that anti-parasite effects were relatively weak. Nicotine consumption in a single dose did not impose any cost even in starved bees but the alkaloid had detrimental effects on healthy bees if consistently consumed for weeks. These toxic effects disappeared in infected bees, suggesting that detoxification costs might have been counterbalanced by the advantages in slowing the progression of the infection. Nicotine consumption did not affect bee lifespan but the reduction in the parasite load may have other likely unexplored subtle benefits both for individual bees and their colony.  Potential evidence for self-medication is discussed. The contention that secondary metabolites in nectar may be under selection from pollinators, or used by plants to enhance their own reproductive success, remains to be confirmed.

scholarly journals Behavioural evidence for the existence of a spatiotopic free-viewing saliency map

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 305a
Author(s):  
Matthias Kümmerer ◽  
Thomas S.A. Wallis ◽  
Matthias Bethge
Keyword(s):  
Saliency Map ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Behavioural Evidence
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