From degeneration to mental disorders: the development of child psychiatric theory and child psychiatric practices in Denmark, c. 1900-1950

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Jennie Sejr Junghans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Psychiatric Theory

Mental Disorders in Chronically Ill Children: Parent-Child Discrepancy and Physician Identification

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Emily Harris Canning ◽  
Suzanne B. Hanser ◽  
Kathryn A. Shade ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Child Reports ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Chronically Ill Children ◽  
Threshold Criteria

Mental disorders affect 18% to 20% of children and adolescents. The rate in children with chronic illness is probably higher. This study of chronically ill children addresses the discrepancy between parent and child reports of child psychiatric disorders and the extent to which pediatricians agree with reports by children and parents regarding such problems. Eighty-three subjects, aged 9 to 18 (mean = 12.6), were recruited; they had the following diagnoses: cystic fibrosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Subjects and one parent were interviewed separately, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-2.1). The subject's physician completed a questionnaire asking about the presence of a range of mental disorders. Forty-one (49%) subjects reached threshold criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, using both parent and child as informants. Psychiatric disorders were identified in only 22 subjects (54%) by the child and in 28 (68%) by parent alone. Thus, reliance on one informant resulted in failure to identify one third to one half of psychiatric disorders. Physicians' ratings agreed significantly with children's reports but not with parental reports, suggesting that physicians are sensitive to children's concerns but may underestimate the value and importance of parents' reports. Clinical and research evaluations of chronically ill children, as well as clinician identification of mental health problems, will be influenced by the choice of informant.

scholarly journals The Association of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury with Quality of Life and Mental Disorders in Clinical Adolescents—A Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Dora Gyori ◽  
Bernadett Frida Farkas ◽  
Lili Olga Horvath ◽  
Daniel Komaromy ◽  
Gergely Meszaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Although earlier research has highlighted that psychiatric disorders significantly impair patients’ quality of life (QoL), few studies have examined the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and QoL. Our aim was to investigate whether QoL mediates the mental disorder–NSSI relationship, and to study the QoL ratings agreement of self and parents in a clinical population of adolescents. We involved 202 adolescents from Vadaskert Child Psychiatric Hospital and Outpatient Clinic, Budapest, aged 13–18 years. All participants completed the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Inventar zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid. To map the interrelationship between the NSSI, mental disorders, and QoL dimensions, Mixed Graphical Models were estimated. Adolescents with a history of NSSI rated their QoL to be significantly lower than adolescents without NSSI. Self and parents’ QoL ratings are closer in the NSSI sample than in the no-NSSI sample. Among all QoL dimensions, only family problems had a direct significant association with NSSI engagement. Our results highlight that, contrary to our hypothesis, the presence of mental disorders mediates the relationship between most QoL dimensions and the occurrence of NSSI. Our results draw attention to the potential causal effect of environmental factors (e.g., peer problems) on mental disorders that, in turn, result in NSSI. The present paper highlights the importance of network modelling in clinical research.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Screening Inventory-Retrospect (CAPSI-R): a questionnaire for adults concerning child and adolescent mental disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramklint ◽  
A-L. von Knorring ◽  
L. von Knorring ◽  
L. Ekselius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

SummaryThis study examines the properties of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Screening Inventory-Retrospect, CAPSI-R, a self-report 146-item questionnaire for adults concerning earlier child psychiatric symptoms, comprising both DSM-IV categories and functional impairment. The instrument was mailed to 359 former child psychiatric patients born between 1951 and 1977 (164 of whom responded) and to a matched control group (193 of whom responded). There was good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 0.62–0.93, and between 0.76–0.93 after elimination of one item). The lifetime prevalence of a mental disorder was 87.8% in the former patients' without considering impairment and 76.8% when impairment was considered. The corresponding figures for the control group were 49.7% and 10.4%, respectively. When the former patients' CAPSI-R diagnoses (with incorporation of the impairment criterion) were validated against the DSM-IV diagnoses based on information in their medical records, generally, an acceptable sensitivity and specificity were obtained. The overall kappa between CAPSI-R diagnoses and those from medical records was 0.79. The CAPSI-R shows promise for further evaluation and may be useful in recognising child and adolescent mental disorders in adults.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Child Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
To Receive

This article provides a review of the magnitude of mental disorders in children and adolescents from recent community surveys across the world. Although there is substantial variation in the results depending upon the methodological characteristics of the studies, the findings converge in demonstrating that approximately one fourth of youth experience a mental disorder during the past year, and about one third across their lifetimes. Anxiety disorders are the most frequent conditions in children, followed by behavior disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. Fewer than half of youth with current mental disorders receive mental health specialty treatment. However, those with the most severe disorders tend to receive mental health services. Current issues that are now being identified in the field of child psychiatric epidemiology include: refinement of classification and assessment, inclusion of young children in epidemiologic surveys, integration of child and adult psychiatric epidemiology, and evaluation of both mental and physical disorders in children.

Psychiatric Epidemiology: Concepts and Findings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Reis Merikangas ◽  
Rebecca Hommer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Child Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
To Receive

This chapter provides background on the discipline of epidemiology and its contribution to our understanding of childhood mental disorders. A summary is provided of data on the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in children and adolescents in community surveys. Anxiety disorders are the most frequent conditions in children, followed by behavior disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. About half of youth with one disorder also meet criteria for a second disorder, demonstrating the pervasive nature of comorbidity even in childhood. Less than half of youth with current mental disorders receive mental health specialty treatment. However, those with the most severe disorders tend to receive mental health services. Current issues that are now being identified in the field of child psychiatric epidemiology includes refinement of classification and assessment; integration of child and adult psychiatric epidemiology; and evaluation of both mental and medical disorders in children.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

When Mental Disorders Suspected, Tools Abound

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
KERRI WACHTER
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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