Robert FOX, The Savant and the State. Science and Cultural Politics in Nineteenth Century France

Was the French Revolution the victory of an all-conquering bourgeoisie that made up the foundation of the nineteenth-century France of the ‘notables’? How far did the older elites of the ancien régime succeed in taking part in the political, social and cultural reordering of the first decades of the new century? This chapter examines the significance of these questions in relation to the construction and legitimation of elite power after the fall of Robespierre. Exploring both political and intellectual developments, it reveals the dynamics which account for the major rupture between the dominance of a republican elite under the Directory, and the foundations of the power of the Empire’s so-called ‘Granite masses’. Study of the various components of elite domination involves not merely scrutiny of the role played by the state, but also of changing attitudes towards the common people, against whom the evolving position of the elite was constructed.

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In the Public Interest: Charitable Association, the State, and the Status ofutilité publiquein Nineteenth-Century France

Law and History Review ◽

10.1017/s0738248000002935 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 283-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christine Adams

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Public Interest ◽

The State ◽

Point Of View ◽

French Law ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Public ◽

Administrative Practice ◽

The Status ◽

Nineteenth Century France

In her work on the bourgeois male of the nineteenth century, Carol E. Harrison argues that “Although French law made no distinction between male and female associations, administrative practice ignored women in groups.” Most historians accept this point of view—that French administrators generally ignored the associational activities of women, and, indeed, most female groups appear to have garnered little notice from authorities. While Annie Grange suggests that this may be because so few female as-sociations existed throughout much of the nineteenth century, Catherine Duprat has uncovered numerous female societies, especiallysociétés de bienfaisance, many of which received more generous treatment from municipal and national officials than their male counterparts. However, she suggests that their official “silence”–the absence of general assemblies and frequent publications, as well as their careful cultivation of the traditional, non-threatening image ofdames de charité—kept these associations largely out of public view. Furthermore, for the most part, those female associations that did exist lacked visible political and financial clout.

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2. Science, the University, and the State in Nineteenth-Century France

Professions and the French State, 1700-1900 ◽

10.9783/9781512801934-004 ◽

1984 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert Fox

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

The State ◽

Nineteenth Century France ◽

The University

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Filling the ranks: the Remplacement Militaire in post-revolutionary France

European Review of Economic History ◽

10.1093/ereh/hez014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 696-715

Author(s):

Louis Rouanet ◽

Ennio E Piano

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Real World ◽

Military Service ◽

The State ◽

French Government ◽

Nineteenth Century France ◽

Military Institutions

Abstract Many economists have analyzed the efficiency of a volunteered army relative to a conscripted army. However, they have rarely studied the working of real-world alternative, market-based, military institutions where exemptions from military service are traded among the citizens. This paper fills this gap by studying the rise and fall of the Remplacement Militaire in the eighteenth and the nineteenth century France. This system endured for more than three quarters of a century until the French government progressively moved toward universal conscription after 1872. At times of military expansion, the State regulated the replacement market. We argue that the goal of such regulations was to limit the increase in fraud and avoid a deterioration in the quality of the soldiery associated with increases in the price of replacements.

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