scholarly journals The Gift of the « Face of the Living »: Shell faces as social valuables in the Caribbean Late Ceramic Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (97-2) ◽  
pp. 7-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus A. A. Mol
Keyword(s):  
The Gift ◽  
Ceramic Age ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Caribbean

The Obraje in the Late Méxican Colony

1967 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Greenleaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Economic System ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Labor Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Textile Factory

One of the most important native industries in New Spain, allowed to flourish because of its rational necessity, and given exemptions from restrictive mercantile prohibitions was the obraje, or colonial textile factory. This institution had its origins in the tribute and labor policies of the quasi-feudal economic system imposed by the Spaniard in the decades after the conquests in the Caribbean and on the American mainland. For almost three hundred years clerics and humanitarians protested, viceroys raged, monarchs threatened, a plethora of regulations was issued, inspections were conducted, trials held, fines levied, obrajes were closed, and yet the obraje as an institution survived, and the inhuman conditions of the worker remained unchanged. While the Mexican encomienda system was being shorn of its abuses and gradually deemphasized by the crown, and while the repartimiento system of forced labor for wages was subordinated to a policy of conservation of human resources in the face of a shortage of Indian labor, the Mexican colony was becoming each decade more dependent on the locally-produced textiles, especially the commercial, non-luxury fabrics in everyday use. These were produced in the obrajes.

Aetolian Inscriptions

1893 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 338-355
Author(s):  
W. J. Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Small Contribution ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Growing Mass

A singularly small contribution has been made by Aetolia to the vast and steadily growing mass of our epigraphical treasures. This seems to be due to two reasons,—a real dearth of inscriptions traceable in part to the character of the Aetolians themselves, and, secondly, the comparative neglect that Aetolia has suffered at the hands of travellers and archaeologists. The inscriptions given here are the results of a detailed exploration extending over part of each of the two years 1892 and 1893.A large proportion, and those the most interesting of the inscriptions found, come from Naupaktos, or its immediate neighbourhood. This valuable maritime station was, as is well known, put by Athens into the possession of the exiled Messenians and with the downfall of her Empire it passed into the hands of the Achaean allies of Sparta: they seem to have kept it in spite of all the efforts of the Aetolians and it was not until 338 B.C. that its natural owners finally regained it by the gift of Philip of Macedon. From that time onwards Naupaktos played an important part in the history of the League. Pausanias visited the town and among its antiquities he mentions the ruins of a temple of Asklepios of some reputation. The site of this temple has been identified from the inscriptions cut in the face of a rock forming the back of a terrace near the springs called Kephalóvrysis, a few minutes' walk to the east of the town. The few fragments which are all that can now be deciphered of the numerous inscriptions which once covered the rock are given by R. Weil in his paper ‘Das Asklepieion von Naupaktos,’ Mitth. des deutsch. Inst. vol. iv. p. 22.

Island Rhythms: The Web of Social Relationships and Interaction Networks in the Lesser Antillean Archipelago between 400 B.C. and A.D. 1492

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne L. Hofman ◽  
Alistair J. Bright ◽  
Arie Boomert ◽  
Sebastiaan Knippenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Ceramic Age ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Web

The precolonial communities of the Caribbean archipelago were not insular. The discontinuous natural resource distribution, the maritime orientation of the Caribbean Amerindians, and the complexities of regional social interaction ensured that the precolonial Caribbean islandscape was dynamic and highly interconnected. This report explores the socicultural behavior and intercommunity exchange relationships of the inhabitants of the Lesser Antilles. It combines related archaeological case studies encompassing the procurement and exchange of: (1) raw materials and utilitarian goods with a wide spatial and social distribution, (2) goods with high stylistic visibility and presumed social function as markers of identity or status, and (3) prestige goods with profound ceremonial value. The study of these objects reveals overarching social and ideological dimensions to Caribbean life. Data suggest that social relationships manifest themselves at different levels and through distinct rhythms while taking on various material guises during the Ceramic age Amerindian occupation of the Caribbean islands (400 B.C. to A.D. 1492). While there is great potential in unraveling interaction networks through the careful study of distribution patterns, the incorporation of ethnohistoric and ethnographic information is imperative to elucidate the web of social relationships underlying these material manifestations.

scholarly journals Brachybaenus domingensis sp. nov. of gryllacridids (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) from Dominican Republic, Hispaniola

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Perez-Gelabert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
The Caribbean

The gryllacridid Brachybaenus domingensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected in various localities of the Dominican Republic. The morphology of the new species is compared to that of the Cuban species Brachybaenus cubensis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888), which may be its closest relative. Although these species are similar, diagnostic features of B. domingensis are the yellowish coloration of the face, spines on the anterior tibiae shorter than the eye length, and wings that markedly surpass the abdominal end. In B. cubensis the face is mostly black, the spines in the anterior tibiae are as long or longer than the eye length and the wings barely surpass the abdominal end. This is only the second species of gryllacridids reported from Hispaniola, the fourth species of Brachybaenus Karny in the Caribbean and the 17th species of the genus.

Integrity Management Program for Geo-Hazards in the OCENSA Pipeline System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo García ◽  
Carlos Nieves ◽  
Juan Diego Colonia
Keyword(s):  
Management Program ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Differential Settling ◽  
The Face ◽  
Integrity Management ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geological Formations

Oil pipelines systems for hydrocarbons transportation are linear projects that can reach great lengths. For this reason, theirs paths may cross different geological formations, soil types, navigable or torrential waters; and they may face geotechnical and hydrological instability problems such as creeping slopes, geological faults, landslides, scour and differential settling which causes different relative movements between the soil and the pipeline. The OCENSA (Oleoducto Central S.A) 30″ and 36″ diameter system was built in 1997 to transport crude oil from the eastern foothills of the Andes to the Caribbean Coast along some 830 km of the Eastern Andes mountains range and the spurs of the central Andes mountains range of Colombia: it was a major challenge to secure the integrity of the pipeline in the face of natural events.

Black Futures Past

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Rob Waters
Keyword(s):  
Black Power ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Iranian Revolution ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Caribbean

This epilogue looks to the decline of the formation of thinking black that this book has traced. It proposes that this formation declined in the face of the failure of revolutionary Black Power in the Caribbean, new divisions around ethnicity and religion in the wake of the Iranian Revolution and the Rushdie Affair, the incorporation of black activists into new structures of state multiculturalism, and the reinventions of blackness that Stuart Hall analyzed as the rise of “new ethnicities.” In these contexts, the epilogue proposes, the meanings and constituencies of blackness shifted in the late 1980s, and its promise of a radical or revolutionary transformation of British politics and society appeared less certain.

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