scholarly journals Representation and Copying in Hume’s Treatise and Later Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Growing Body

Some of Hume’s central arguments in the Treatise—for example, arguments about causality, the self, and motivation—concern which of our perceptions represent, and what these perceptions can and cannot represent. A growing body of literature aims to reconstruct the theory of mental representation that (it is presumed) underwrites these arguments. The most popular type of interpretation says that, according to Hume’s theory, copying plays a significant role in explaining mental representation. This paper raises two challenges to such interpretations. First, they cannot be squared with Treatise Book 2’s account of passions formed via sympathy (hereinafter, sympathetic passions). Second, Hume’s treatment of copying and representation in his later works differs significantly from that of the Treatise, and provides no clear evidence that the mature Hume accepted a theory of mental representation based on copying.

Nihilistic Thinking as the Self-Will of the Mind and the Projects of Its Overcoming

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Irina N. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Radical Transformation

 The author analyzes the conceptions of ontological nihilism in the works of S. Kierkegaard, F. Nietzsche, M. Heidegger, E. Jünger. On the basis of this analysis, violence is defined as a manifestation of nihilism, of the “will to nothingness” and hypertrophy of the self-will of man. The article demonstrates the importance of the problem of nihilism. The nihilistic thinking of modern man is expressed in the attitude toward a radical transformation of the world from the position of his “absolute” righteousness. The paradox of the current situation is that there is the reverse side of this transformative activity, when there is only the appearance of action and the dilution of responsibility. Confidence in the rightness of own views and beliefs increases the risk of the violent imposition of own vision of reality. Historical and philosophical reconstruction of the conceptions of nihilism allowed to reveal the following projects of its comprehension and resolution: (1) the project of “positing of values,” which consists in the transformation of the evaluation, which is understood as another perspective of positing values, leading to the affirmation of being; (2) the project of overcoming nihilism from the space of temporality, carried out through the resoluteness to accept the historicity of own existence; (3) the project of overcoming nihilism as the oblivion of being from the spatial perspective of the “line,” allowing to realize the “glimpse” of being. The author concludes that it is impossible to solve the problem of violence and its various forms of its manifestation without overcoming “ontological nihilism.” Significant role in solving the problem of ontological violence is assigned to philosophy as a critical and responsible form of thinking, which is capable to help a person to bear the burden of the world, to provide meanings and affirm being, as well as to unite people and resist the fundamentalist claims of exclusivity and rightness.

The effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation on the self-face recognition in adults with autistic syndrome disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S367-S368
Author(s):  
N. Deltort ◽  
J.R. Cazalets ◽  
A. Amestoy ◽  
M. Bouvard
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multimodal Integration ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Multimodal Process

Studies on individuals without developmental disorder show that mental representation of self-face is subject to a multimodal process in the same way that the representation of the self-body is. People with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have a particular pattern of face processing and a multimodal integration deficit.The objectives of our study were to evaluate the self-face recognition and the effect of interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) in individuals with ASD. We aimed to show a self-face recognition deficit and a lack of multimodal integration among this population.IMS consisted of the presentation of a movie displaying an unfamiliar face being touched intermittently, while the examiner applied the same stimulation synchronously or asynchronously on the participant. The effect resulting from IMS was measured on two groups with or without ASD by a self-face recognition task on morphing movies made from self-face and unfamiliar-face pictures.There was a significant difference between groups on self-recognition before stimulation. This result shows a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD. Results for the control group showed a significant effect of IMS on self-face recognition in synchronous condition. This suggests the existence of an update of self-face mental representation by multimodal process. In contrast, there was no significant effect of IMS demonstrated in ASD group, suggesting a multimodal integration deficit for the constitution of self-representation in this population.Our results show the existence of a self-face recognition deficit in individuals with ASD, which may be linked to a lack of multimodal integration in the development of the self-face representation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Abstract P480: The Distinct Role of Occupational Therapy in Addressing the Self-care Management Needs of Patients With Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bennett ◽  
Kristin Nxumalo ◽  
Whitney Pike ◽  
Olivia Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
The Self ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
The Continuum

Introduction: Hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) are the highest single Medicare expenditure. This cost primarily results from readmissions linked to failed self-care. Evidence suggests that effective self-care routines are equivalent to medication in preventing HF exacerbation and hospitalization. Occupational therapists (OT) are well suited to address HF self-care needs by facilitating self-efficacy and adapting patients’ routines, roles and habits. A recent study determined that OT is the only hospital spending category associated with lower HF readmission rates. Hypothesis: Occupational therapy has a significant role in addressing the self-care management needs of patients with HF throughout the continuum of care. Methods: The OT department launched a HF self-care management program as part of process improvement initiatives at an AHA-recognized teaching hospital. An assessment battery was developed which included the following: The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) v.6.2, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Administration of the OT HF assessment battery to a pilot group of 12 inpatients revealed factors that affect patient adoption and adherence to beneficial self-care management routines. Based on assessment battery data, an outpatient OT program was established. Eleven outpatients were enrolled and completed 3-6 hours of OT treatment. The SCHFI was administered at program evaluation and completion to measure self-care maintenance and confidence. To expand service access, a telehealth self-care program was introduced and a single patient case study was assessed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of the virtual format. Results: Assessment battery data enabled the development of outpatient treatment modules focusing on symptom monitoring, medication management, low sodium diet, activity tolerance and psychosocial strategies. All outpatients who completed the modules demonstrated improved self-care maintenance (ranging from 16-53 points) and half demonstrated improved self-care confidence (ranging from 6-39 points). The patient assessed after completing the telehealth program demonstrated improved self-care maintenance (70 points) and self-care confidence (28 points). Conclusions: In conclusion, OT has a significant role in addressing the self-care management needs of patients with HF throughout the continuum of care. The utilization of a standardized OT HF assessment battery is effective in determining the needs of this population and for guiding the implementation of targeted individualized treatment. Outpatient and telehealth delivery of OT programming is effective in improving self-care for people with HF.

scholarly journals Colour associations in children and adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983
Author(s):  
Robin SS Kramer ◽  
Joanne Y Prior
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Order Sets ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Area Of Study

A growing body of research has investigated how we associate colours and social traits. Specifically, studies have explored the links between red and perceptions of qualities like attractiveness and anger. Although less is known about other colours, the prevailing framework suggests that the specific context plays a significant role in determining how a particular colour might affect our perceptions of a person or item. Importantly, this factor has yet to be considered for children’s colour associations, where researchers focused on links between colours and emotions, rather than social traits. Here, we consider whether context-specific colour associations are demonstrated by 5- to 10-year-old children and compare these associations with adult data collected on the same task. We asked participants to rank order sets of six identical images (e.g., a boy completing a test), which varied only in the colour of a single item (his T-shirt). Each question was tailored to the image set to address a specific context, for example, “Which boy do you think looks the most likely to cheat on a test?” Our findings revealed several colour associations shared by children, and many of these were also present in adults, although some had strengthened or weakened by this stage of life. Taken together, our results demonstrate the presence of both stable and changing context-specific colour associations during development, revealing a new area of study for further exploration.

The Perception of Exertion: A Social Psychophysiological Integration

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jack Rejeski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Empirical Level

For years, physiologists and psychologists have attempted to elucidate the perceptual foundations of perceived exertion and in the process have identified several psychometric variables that mediate the self-report of this experience. Recently, cognitively oriented psychologists have begun to demonstrate that our social and physical environments play a significant role in the subjective ratings of effort expenditure. Additionally, as an offshoot of attribution theory, we are now aware that perceived exertion is a topic relevant to the domain of interpersonal as well as self-perception. The present paper, then, offers an integrative review on research and theory pertinent to the perception of exertion in sport and physical activity. The framework presented emerges largely at a conceptual rather than empirical level and provides several direct challenges for future study.

scholarly journals The Other in Me: Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation Changes the Mental Representation of the Self

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e40682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tajadura-Jiménez ◽  
Stephanie Grehl ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation

A smart artificial glutathione peroxidase with temperature responsive activity constructed by host–guest interaction and self-assembly

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (48) ◽  
pp. 25040-25050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhen Yin ◽  
Shufei Jiao ◽  
Chao Lang ◽  
Junqiu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Catalytic Behavior ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Self Assembled

A smart supramolecular artificial glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with tunable catalytic activity was prepared based on host–guest interaction and a blending process. The change of the self-assembled structure of SGPxmax during the temperature responsive process played a significant role in altering the temperature responsive catalytic behavior.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Intention to Become Agropreneur Among Youths

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Sylvia Nabila Azwa Ambad ◽  
Viduriati Sumin ◽  
Abdul Aziz Karia ◽  
Taufik Abdul Hakim ◽  
Imelda Albert Gisip
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Event Theory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electronic Questionnaires ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC), and Shapero’s Entrepreneurial Event Theory (SEET) on the youth’s intention to be involved in agropreneurship. The data were collected by the self-reported in-person and electronic questionnaires from 269 youth in Sabah, Malaysia. The results revealed that realistic, investigative, enterprising and SEET plays a significant role in agropreneurship intention. Research on agropreneurship is still lacking, and to date, only a few studies have been published. The findings of this study enrich the existing literature, especially in Malaysia’s context. At the same time, this study assists the government and its agencies to identify and strengthen youth participation in the agriculture sector.

scholarly journals Transference of Self Concept in First Impressions of Similar Others

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ceara Nicolls
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Novel Targets

<p>Forming rapid and reasonably accurate impressions of other people to determine the potential for threat is a crucial human skill that has evolved over millennia. That said, often these first impressions may be inaccurate as the processes underlying person perception are subject to bias. Transference is one such bias which occurs when an encountered novel individual, for whatever reason, is similar enough that he or she activates the mental representation of a ‘significant other’ which is then “transferred” to that novel individual. In particular, judgments of the new person are assimilated to both evaluations (positive or negative) as well as the specific trait content of the activated representation. The current research proposed that the self-concept as activated by self-similar stimuli can act in a similar fashion. Specifically, it was proposed that activation of the self-concept – through encountering an individual who is similar to the self – may trigger transference of self-concept-related feelings and emotions to a novel other. The current research tested this prediction in four experiments by comparing participant judgements of own self-concept with trait-related judgements about novel targets, half of which were modified to resemble the perceiver. It was expected that participants would rate participant-similar stimuli as more similar to themselves than non-similar stimuli. Overall, experimental results did not support this hypothesis in that participant judgements and evaluations of self-resembling faces did not differ significantly from judgements and evaluations of stranger-similar faces in any reliable pattern. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to previous research on first impressions, transference, and self-concept.</p>

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