Fabric Response to COVID-19 Ozone Sterilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Uwe Reischl & Budimir Mijovic
Keyword(s):  
Fabric Response

scholarly journals Steady radial ice-sheet flow with fabric evolution

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (177) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie W. Morland ◽  
Ryszard Staroszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Individual Crystal ◽  
Dependent Rate ◽  
Fabric Evolution ◽  
Basal Sliding ◽  
Basal Melting ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Fabric Response

AbstractReorientation of individual crystal glide planes, as isotropic surface ice is deformed during its passage to depth in an ice sheet, creates a fabric and associated anisotropy. We adopt an evolving orthotropic viscous law which was developed to reflect the induced anisotropy arising from the mean rotation of crystal axes during deformation. This expresses the deviatoric stress in terms of the strain rate, strain and three structure tensors based on the principal stretch axes, and involves one fabric response function which determines the strength of the anisotropy. The initial isotropic response enters as a multiplying factor depending on a strain-rate invariant and incorporating a temperature-dependent rate factor. The fabric response function has been constructed by correlations with complete (idealized) uniaxial compression and shearing responses for both ‘cold’ and ‘warm’ ice. The possible effects of such fabric evolution are now illustrated by determining steady radially symmetric flow solutions for an ice sheet with a prescribed temperature distribution and subject to an elevation-dependent surface accumulation/ablation distribution, zero basal melting and a prescribed basal sliding law. Comparisons are made with solutions for the conventional isotropic viscous law, for a flat bed, for a bed with a single modest slope hump and for a bed with a single modest slope hollow, for both cold and warm ice.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Hydroentangling Process Variables

2005 ◽  
Vol os-14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1558925005os-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Seyam ◽  
D. A. Shiffler
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Fabric Response

Fabric response to hydroentangling process variables is usually presented as a plot of energy consumed / kg of fabric produced. This paper presents a simple mechanical model describing the transformation of a random fiber web into a hydroentangled fabric having a clearly defined cellular structure dependent on the forming wire. The model indicates that only a tiny fraction of the energy supplied by the entangling jets is consumed in the production of the fabric. Low speed hydroentangling data for nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene terephthalate (PTT), and polypropylene (PP) fibers using very different forming wires indicate that force acting on the fiber, not energy, is the important variable.

Clay fabric response to consolidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Griffiths ◽  
Ramesh C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Fabric Response

scholarly journals Strain-rate formulation of ice fabric evolution

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie W. Morland ◽  
Ryszard Staroszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Lattice Rotation ◽  
Shear Strain Rate ◽  
Principal Stretch ◽  
Individual Crystal ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Fabric Response ◽  
Explicit Relation

AbstractReorientation of individual crystal-glide planes as isotropic surface ice is deformed during its passage to depth in an ice sheet, lattice rotation, creates a fabric and associated anisotropy. A simple macroscopic description is that these material glide planes are rotated towards planes normal to an axis of compression, and away from planes normal to an axis of extension, inducing an instantaneous orthotropic viscous response with reflexional symmetries in the planes orthogonal to the current principal stretch axes. An orthotropic viscous law is presented for the strain rate expressed in terms of the deviatoric stress, the deformation, and three structure tensors based on the principal stretch axes. This anisotropic relation is expressed in terms of a single fabric response function in addition to the isotropic ice viscosity. The predicted responses in uniaxial compression and simple shear are determined. While the uniaxial response yields an explicit relation between the axial strain rate and stress, it is found that the shear response is governed by three, complicated, coupled relations between the shear strain rate and three deviatoricstress components. The new result derived here is the solution of this system: an explicit relation between the shear strain rate and shear stress. Correlation of these relations with idealized uniaxial and shear responses is then used to determine the required fabric function in the model law.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing and Data Mining Techniques for Assessing the Urban Fabric Vulnerability to Heat Waves and UHI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Borfecchia ◽  
Vittorio Rosato ◽  
Emanuela Caiaffa ◽  
Maurizio Pollino ◽  
Luigi De Cecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Fabric Response

Densely urbanized areas, with a low percentage of green vegetation, are highly exposed to Heat Waves (HW) which nowadays are increasing in terms of frequency and intensity also in the middle-latitude regions, due to ongoing Climate Change (CC). Their negative effects may combine with those of the UHI (Urban Heat Island), a local phenomenon where air temperatures in the compact built up cores of towns increase more than those in the surrounding rural areas, with significant impact on the quality of urban environment, on citizens health and energy consumption and transport, as it has occurred in the summer of 2003 on France and Italian central-northern areas. In this context this work aims at designing and developing a methodology based on aero-spatial remote sensing (EO) at medium-high resolution and most recent GIS techniques, for the extensive characterization of the urban fabric response to these climatic impacts related to the temperature within the general framework of supporting local and national strategies and policies of adaptation to CC. Due to its extension and variety of built-up typologies, the municipality of Rome was selected as test area for the methodology development and validation. First of all, we started by operating through photointerpretation of cartography at detailed scale (CTR 1: 5000) on a reference area consisting of a transect of about 5x20 km, extending from the downtown to the suburbs and including all the built-up classes of interest. The reference built-up vulnerability classes found inside the transect were then exploited as training areas to classify the entire territory of Rome municipality. To this end, the satellite EO HR (High Resolution) multispectral data, provided by the Landsat sensors were used within a on purpose developed "supervised" classification procedure, based on data mining and “object-classification” techniques. The classification results were then exploited for implementing a calibration method, based on a typical UHI temperature distribution, derived from MODIS satellite sensor LST (Land Surface Temperature) data of the summer 2003, to obtain an analytical expression of the vulnerability model, previously introduced on a semi-empirical basis.

Remote Sensing and Data Mining Techniques for Assessing the Urban Fabric Vulnerability to Heat Waves and UHI

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Borfecchia ◽  
Vittorio Rosato ◽  
Emanuela Caiaffa ◽  
Maurizio Pollino ◽  
Luigi De Cecco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Middle Latitude ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Fabric Response

Densely urbanized areas, with a low percentage of green vegetation, are highly exposed to Heat Waves (HW) which nowadays are increasing in terms of frequency and intensity also in the middle-latitude regions, due to ongoing Climate Change (CC). Their negative effects may combine with those of the UHI (Urban Heat Island), a local phenomenon where air temperatures in the compact built up cores of towns increase more than those in the surrounding rural areas, with significant impact on the quality of urban environment, on citizens health and energy consumption and transport, as it has occurred in the summer of 2003 on France and Italian central-northern areas. In this context this work aims at designing and developing a methodology based on aero-spatial remote sensing (EO) at medium-high resolution and most recent GIS techniques, for the extensive characterization of the urban fabric response to these climatic impacts related to the temperature within the general framework of supporting local and national strategies and policies of adaptation to CC. Due to its extension and variety of built-up typologies, the municipality of Rome was selected as test area for the methodology development and validation. First of all, we started by operating through photointerpretation of cartography at detailed scale (CTR 1: 5000) on a reference area consisting of a transect of about 5x20 km, extending from the downtown to the suburbs and including all the built-up classes of interest. The reference built-up vulnerability classes found inside the transect were then exploited as training areas to classify the entire territory of Rome municipality. To this end, the satellite EO HR (High Resolution) multispectral data, provided by the Landsat sensors were used within a on purpose developed "supervised" classification procedure, based on data mining and “object-classification” techniques. The classification results were then exploited for implementing a calibration method, based on a typical UHI temperature distribution, derived from MODIS satellite sensor LST (Land Surface Temperature) data of the summer 2003, to obtain an analytical expression of the vulnerability model, previously introduced on a semi-empirical basis.

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