scholarly journals LOW-ENERGY DESIGN METHODS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE: STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING OF VARIOUS DENSITIES IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Sun Lee ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Jae Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
Energy Strategies ◽  
Temperate Climates

With mounting concerns over climate change and urban population growth, the demand for sustainable housing based on low-energy designs is steadily increasing. A variety of low-energy design methods have been developed to reduce energy and resource consumption; however, research shows that the implementation of such methods has been surprisingly limited. In addition, while the degree of housing density is understood to have an impact on low-energy designs, what that impact is and how it can be strategically applied have not been adequately researched. This research examines how low-energy designs are applied in housing types with various densities in temperate climates, identifies the issues and problems pertaining to the implementation of passive and active design strategies. This research uses a survey, which asks design practitioners to rate the merits of various low-energy design strategies and assesses how often these approaches are implemented in practice. The study uncovers discrepancies between perceived importance of low-energy design aspects and their practical implementation, finding that certain low-energy strategies can be more effective when they are incorporated in an early stage of the design process.

scholarly journals Net Zero-Energy Home Design Strategies Learned From Canadian Experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Masa Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Micro Power ◽  
Healthy Housing

In response to the growing demand for zero-energy housing, today's home needs not only to be energy-efficient, but also to provide part of its own energy requirements. The energy efficiency may be improved by applying high thermal performance building envelope and passive energy and environmental systems to housing. Micro-power can be generated through the use of renewable energy technologies. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive guideline on the design techniques and approaches to the delivery of net zero-energy healthy housing in view of the ÉcoTerra house, which won the Canadian federal government's EQuilibrium sustainable housing competition. The house was built in Eastman in the province of Quebec and it is currently open to the general public in order to sharpen the consumers' awareness of commercially available net zero-energy healthy housing today.

scholarly journals The concept of creating thrust based on angular momentum change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Kupreev
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Loop Quantum Gravity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Material Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Classical And Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Kinetic Moment

Abstract The change in the kinetic moment of a material body is considered regarding to classical and quantum mechanics. The possibility of creating the propulsion system in terms of energy efficiency exceeding the photon engine has been theoretically proved. The proposed new principle of motion is based on the law of conservation of angular momentum and is fully consistent with the basic fundamental laws of physics. It is proposed to use the emission/absorption of streams of low-energy particles with spin in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the material body. The practical implementation of this idea is confirmed by the presence of promising approaches to solving the problem of quantizing gravity (string theory, loop quantum gravity, etc.) recognized by the world scientific community and by the successful results of experiments conducted by the authors with the motion of bodies in a vacuum chamber. The proposed idea, the examples and experiments has given grounds for the formation of new physical concepts of the speed, mass and inertia of bodies. The obtained results can be used in experiments to search for elementary particles with low energy, to explain a number of physics phenomena and to develop transport of objects based on new physical principles.

scholarly journals A review of codebook design methods for sparse code multiple access

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Syed Aamer Hussain ◽  
Norulhusna Ahmad ◽  
Ibraheem Shayea ◽  
Hazilah Mad Kaidi ◽  
Liza Abdul Latiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Sparse Code ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Codebook Design ◽  
Optimisation Technique

<span lang="EN-GB">The progressions in telecommunication beyond the 5<sup>th</sup> generation have created a need to improve research drifts. The current 5G study has an important focus on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a promising technique within NOMA, enhancing the multi-user handling capability of next-generation communication. In the SCMA sphere, codebook designing and optimisation are essential research matters. This study conversed with different codebook design practises existing in the literature, analysing them for numerous parameters, including bit error rate (BER), an optimisation technique, and channel settings. From the analysis, the paper presents the efficiency of different approaches. The article also discusses the prospects and challenges of SCMA optimisation in practical implementation in various domains.</span>

scholarly journals Text Data Augmentation for Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Shorten ◽  
Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar ◽  
Borko Furht
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Decision Boundaries

Abstract Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the most captivating applications of Deep Learning. In this survey, we consider how the Data Augmentation training strategy can aid in its development. We begin with the major motifs of Data Augmentation summarized into strengthening local decision boundaries, brute force training, causality and counterfactual examples, and the distinction between meaning and form. We follow these motifs with a concrete list of augmentation frameworks that have been developed for text data. Deep Learning generally struggles with the measurement of generalization and characterization of overfitting. We highlight studies that cover how augmentations can construct test sets for generalization. NLP is at an early stage in applying Data Augmentation compared to Computer Vision. We highlight the key differences and promising ideas that have yet to be tested in NLP. For the sake of practical implementation, we describe tools that facilitate Data Augmentation such as the use of consistency regularization, controllers, and offline and online augmentation pipelines, to preview a few. Finally, we discuss interesting topics around Data Augmentation in NLP such as task-specific augmentations, the use of prior knowledge in self-supervised learning versus Data Augmentation, intersections with transfer and multi-task learning, and ideas for AI-GAs (AI-Generating Algorithms). We hope this paper inspires further research interest in Text Data Augmentation.

scholarly journals Operability and Technical Implementation Issues Related to Heat Integration Measures—Interview Study at an Oil Refinery in Sweden

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Marton ◽  
Elin Svensson ◽  
Simon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Heat Exchanger Network ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Different Types

In many energy-intensive industrial process plants, significant improvements in energy efficiency can be achieved through increased heat recovery. However, retrofitting plants for heat integration purposes can affect process operability. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of such issues by systematically relating different types of heat recovery retrofit measures to a range of technical barriers associated with process operability and practical implementation of the measures. The paper presents a new approach for this kind of study, which can be applied in the early-stage screening of heat integration retrofit measures. This approach accounts for the importance of a number of selected operability factors and their relative significance. The work was conducted in the form of a case study at a large oil refinery. Several conceptual heat exchanger network retrofit design proposals were prepared and discussed during semi-structured interviews with technical staff at the refinery. The results show that many operability and practical implementation factors, such as spatial limitations, pressure drops and non-energy benefits, influence the opportunities for implementation of different types of heat exchanger network retrofit measures. The results indicate that it is valuable to consider these factors at an early stage when designing candidate heat exchanger network retrofit measures. The interview-based approach developed in this work can be applied to other case studies for further confirmation of the results.

scholarly journals Review of current perspectives on low-energy X-ray intraoperative radiotherapy in early stage breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Yang-Hong Dai ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Chun-Shu Lin ◽  
Kuen-Tze Lin ◽  
Wen-Yen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intraoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
X Ray
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