scholarly journals Use of Dissimilar Walling Systems on Residential Building Envelopes for Improving Their Thermal Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Katherine Gregory ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi ◽  
Adrian Page
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Brick Veneer ◽  
East And West

This paper summarises the results of a combined numerical, statistical and experimental study concerned with the use of dissimilar walling systems on the external parts of a given building envelope. The rational behind this “hybrid wall” concept, as opposed to conventional approaches where identical walls are used in a building envelope, is to achieve a more effective distribution of thermal mass across the envelope and, hence, improve the overall thermal performance of the building. The effectiveness of the “hybrid wall” concept was investigated using a series of hypothetical building modules of common Australian residential constructions, namely Light Weight (LW), Brick Veneer (BV), Reverse Brick Veneer (RBV) and Cavity Brick (CB). These designs were examined numerically using a commercial energy rating tool known as “AccuRate”, statistically using JMP software and experimentally using a novel bench-scale setup developed as part of this study. The performance of each design was evaluated by its energy consumption. The numerical predictions and experimental data highlighted that the east and west walls have the most impact on the energy consumption under Australian climatic conditions. It was found that considerable reductions in the energy consumption could be achieved in cases where the hybrid wall concept was implemented through the use of high thermal mass insulated walls on the east and west sides of the building envelope.

scholarly journals Spatial Day Light Autonomy and Energy Analysis of a Residential Building for Different Climatic Conditions and Window-to-Wall Ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01117
Author(s):  
Dr. R. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar N ◽  
Narsimha K ◽  
Shiva Ram Reddy K ◽  
Vamsee Krishna E
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Glazed Surface ◽  
Heat Exchanges

Building envelope of the structures plays a crucial role in the energy consumption. To decrease the amount of Energy Consumption in Building, Energy saving materials and Optimal sizing of Openings to be selected. In this aspect a model is simulated by using the Design Builder Software to Analyse the Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Thermal Comfort and Annual Energy Consumption. Windows impact the heat exchanges between indoor environment and outdoor environment. This possibly permit a proper utilization of solar energy. The research aims to investigate the influence of window-to-wall ratio in different of different climate conditions in India which has been introduced as hot dry, hot humid and moderate climates. The research has studied the most possible window-to-wall ration in the region based on previous work 5%, 10%,15% and 20% out of the faced surface area of the building. This paper sketch out the modus operandi and the alike results of an analysis which targets to find out the ideal size of the glazed surface, which permits the minimum amount of overall energy consumption and determining the efficient building materials .The analyses and simulation procedures were performed using Design Builder software and the window dimensions are calculated in terms of the ratio between the glazed surface to the gross facade area, defined as window to wall ratio (WWR).

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

scholarly journals Durability of traditional clamped joints in the vapour barrier layer: experimental and numerical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Gullbrekken ◽  
Klodian Gradeci ◽  
Øyvind Norvik ◽  
Petra Rüther ◽  
Stig Geving
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Numerical Estimations

Clamped joints of wood frame buildings are a traditional way in Norway to attain airtight joints for the air and vapour barrier. There are numerous defects registered in the SINTEF Building Defects Archive related to air leakage through the vapour barrier, on one hand, and stricter requirements for reduced energy consumption, on the other hand, question today’s efficacy of these type of joints. This study investigates the durability of clamped joints by studying how the airtightness is affected by several drying and wetting cycles. Experimental work is carried out to measure air leakage rates, which in turn, are used to evaluate their impact on the airtightness of two different constructions by numerical estimations. Results show that the air leakage rates are increased significantly due to transient climatic conditions. Clamped joints may no longer provide airtight building envelopes given the stricter requirements for energy consumption and implications of climate change. A more promising and robust alternative is the use of self-adhesive tapes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Dynamic Thermal Properties, Energy Consumption and Comfort with Different Building Envelopes in a Canadian Building

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pépin ◽  
Louis Gosselin ◽  
Jonathan Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Intensities

An office building located in Quebec City (Canada) with different envelope assemblies has been simulated in order to determine the energy consumption and thermal comfort that they provide. The resistance, thermal mass, and materials (concrete, cross-laminated timbers (CLT), and light-frame) are varied in a series of 164 different scenarios and the energy intensities for heating and cooling determined in each case, along with the discomfort index. Results show that the materiel used to provide thermal mass has a larger impact on comfort and energy consumption than the value of the thermal mass thickness itself. It was also attempted to correlate the performance of the envelope and its thermal mass with three dynamic thermal properties (i.e., dynamic transmittance, areal heat capacity, and decrement factor). Apart from thermal resistance, the internal areal heat capacity appeared to be the most important variable to explain variations of performance of the envelope.

Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Neveen Y. Azmy ◽  
Rania E. Ashmawy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Window Position

Windows play a significant role as they largely influence the energy load. Although there are many studies on the energy-efficient windows design, there is still a lack in information about the mutual impact of windows’ size, position and orientation on the energy loads. In this paper, the effect of different window positions and orientations on the energy consumption in a typical room in an administrative building that is located in the hot climatic conditions of Cairo city, Egypt is considered. This case study has been modeled and analyzed to achieve good environmental performance for architectural space, as well as assessing its impact on the amount of natural lighting required by using the Energy Plus program. The study concludes that the WWR (Window Wall Ratio) 20% square north-oriented upper  opening consumes 25% lower energy than the rectangular 3:1 opening in the lower west-oriented façade. The upper openings are the highest in terms of light intensity, as they cover about 50% of the room area. The WWR 30% rectangular north-oriented upper 3:1 opening consumes 29% lower energy than the rectangular lower 3:1opening in the façade. Regarding light intensity, the upper openings are the best for natural lighting as the light covers more than 60% of the room area.                                                                                                                                                               

Effective R-value of enclosed reflective space for different building applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed H Saber ◽  
Wahid Maref ◽  
Ali E Hajiah
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
R Value ◽  
Enclosed Space

Many parts of the building envelopes contain enclosed airspaces. Also, the insulating glass units in fenestration systems, such as curtain walls, windows, and skylight devices, contain enclosed spaces that are normally filled with air or heavy gas such as argon, xenon, or krypton. The thermal resistance (R-value) of an enclosed space depends mainly on the type of the filling gas, emissivity of all surfaces that bound the space, the size and orientation of the space, the direction of heat flow through the space, and the respective temperatures of all surfaces that define the space. Assessing the energy performance of building envelopes and fenestration systems, subjected to different climatic conditions, requires accurate determination of the R-values of the enclosed spaces. In this study, a comprehensive review is conducted on the thermal performance of enclosed airspaces for different building applications. This review includes the computational and experimental methods for determining the effective R-value of enclosed reflective airspaces. Also, the different parameters that affect the thermal performance of enclosed airspaces are discussed. These parameters include the following: (a) dimensions, (b) inclination angles, (c) directions of heat flow, (d) emissivity of all surfaces that bound the space, and (e) operating conditions. Moreover, numerical simulations are conducted using a previously developed and validated model to investigate the effect of the inclination angle, direction of heat transfer, and the coating emissivity on the R-values of enclosed spaces when they are filled with different types of gases.

scholarly journals Exploration of Microalgae Photobioreactor (PBR) in Tropical Climate Building Envelope

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Mohd Tajul Izrin Mohd Tajul Hasnan ◽  
Puteri Mayang Bahjah Zaharin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Open Access Article

The building sector in Malaysia consumes up to half of the electricity generated in the country. Therefore, there are needs to have a continuous effort to promote microalgae as part of an innovative building envelope system. This paper intends to investigate the potentiality of implementing the microalgae photobioreactor (PBR) in building envelopes in Malaysia. The findings from the precedent studies are synthesised into ten (10) parameters and translated into four (4) design modules. In conclusion, the suggested parameters are crucial in establishing microalgae photobioreactor (PBR) as a suitable prospect for energy efficiency in building envelopes in the tropical climate. Keywords: energy consumption; microalgae; photobioreactor; building envelope. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i14.2166

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL RESISTANCE AND THERMAL MASS ON THE SEASONAL PERFORMANCE OF WALLING SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Alterman ◽  
Adrian W. Page ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi ◽  
Congcong Zhang ◽  
Trevor Moffiet
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Building Enclosures ◽  
Seasonal Performance ◽  
Brick Veneer ◽  
R Value ◽  
Time Required

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the thermal performance of four Australian domestic walling systems (cavity brick, insulated cavity brick, insulated brick veneer and insulated reverse brick veneer) having various combinations of thermal insulation and of thermal mass location within the wall. This experimental analysis extends further the previous studies of the benefits of thermal mass on the overall thermal performance of building enclosures (Gregory et al. 2008, Luo at al. 2008, Alashaary et al. 2009). The comparison is based on the time required to maintain thermal comfort for free-floating internal conditions. The results clearly show that internal comfort levels are influenced by both the thermal resistance of the walls as well as the extent and location of the thermal mass, with neither parameter being the sole predictor. The best thermal performance is therefore obtained by an appropriate combination of thermal mass and resistance, rather than focussing on the overall wall thermal resistance (R-value) alone. A new approach of density temperature plots for comparison of temperature variation is also used in the assessment of module thermal performance.

scholarly journals Optimization of building envelopes using indigenous materials to achieve thermal comfort and affordable housing in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Ebenezer Jegede ◽  
Ahmad Taki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Indigenous Materials ◽  
Tropical Climates

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate the optimization of an existing residential building in a tropical climate using indigenous materials as an alternative to conventional building envelopes to achieve thermal comfort and affordable housing.Design/methodology/approachThis study mainly adopted a quantitative research methodology through a comprehensive simulation study on a selected prototype building. The energy plus simulation tool in DesignBuilder was used to predict the average monthly and annual thermal comfort of a typical residential building in the study area. Also, a cost analysis of the final optimization interventions was conducted to estimate the construction cost savings.FindingsThe comparative analysis of simulation results for the base-case and optimized models indicates potential advantages in replacing conventional building envelope materials with indigenous materials. The base-case simulation results showed that the annual operative temperature is more than the adaptive thermal comfort set points in tropical climates, by 8.26%. This often leads to interventions using mechanical cooling systems, thus triggering overconsumption of energy and increase in CO2 emissions. The building envelope materials for floor, walls and roof were replaced with low U-values indigenous materials until considerable results in terms of thermal comfort and overall building construction cost were achieved. The final simulation results showed that using indigenous materials for the ground floor, external walls and roof could substantially reduce the annual operative temperature by 8%, thereby increasing the predicted three months of thermal comfort in the base-case to nine months annually. Likewise, there was a 32.31%, 35.78% and 41.81% reduction in the annual CO2 emissions, cooling loads and construction costs, respectively.Originality/valueThe knowledge of indigenous materials as an alternative to conventional materials for sustainable buildings is not new. However, most of the available research is focused on achieving affordable housing. There is a dearth of research showing the extent that these indigenous materials can be used to improve indoor thermal comfort in developing countries with tropical climates such as Nigeria.

scholarly journals Integrating Daylighting with Task-Ambient Lighting for Enhanced Energy Savings in Office Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Nyambaka Ingabo ◽  
Pipat Chaiwiwatworakul
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Task Lighting ◽  
Shading Devices

Daylighting has been widely studied as a fundamental aspect of spatial illumination and energy efficient façade design. Effective installation and control of shading devices diminishes the adverse effects of prevailing climatic conditions on building envelope performance and reduces resultant lighting and cooling energy consumption. Task-ambient lighting as a free-standing approach has also been proven to reduce lighting energy consumption compared with typical general ambient lighting. This study estimates the energy saving potential of integrating daylighting through fixed external horizontal shading slats with task lighting. Spot measurements were taken in a test room to validate a daylight calculation program. Full year indoor work plane daylight simulations were performed for office spaces of different floor areas and varying window to wall ratios. Indoor daylight quality was assessed using the Useful Daylight Illuminance metric and three different task lighting schemes explored.  Lighting energy savings of 10% to 90% were estimated under the three schemes in comparison to similar office spaces with common unshaded heat reflective glazing.

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