scholarly journals Feeding preferences of amphipod crustaceans Ampithoe ramondi and Gammarella fucicola for Posidonia oceanica seeds and leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Inés Castejón-Silvo ◽  
Damià Jaume ◽  
Jorge Terrados
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Idotea Baltica ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Sarpa Salpa

The functional importance of herbivory in seagrass beds is highly variable among systems. In Mediterranean seagrass meadows, macroherbivores, such as the fish Sarpa salpa and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, have received most research attention, so published evidence highlights their importance in seagrass consumption. The role of small crustaceans in seagrass consumption remains less studied in the region. Herbivory on Posidonia oceanica seeds has not previously been reported. In turn, crustacean herbivory on P. oceanica leaves is broadly recognized, although the species feeding on the seagrass are mostly unknown (except for Idotea baltica). This work evaluates P. oceanica consumption by two species of amphipod crustaceans commonly found in seagrass meadows. Ampithoe ramondi and Gammarella fucicola actively feed on P. oceanica leaves and seeds. Both species preferred seeds to leaves only when the seed coat was damaged. This study provides the first direct evidence of consumption of P. oceanica seeds by the two named amphipod crustaceans, and confirms that they also consume leaves of this seagrass species.

scholarly journals Does Warming Enhance the Effects of Eutrophication in the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pazzaglia ◽  
Alex Santillán-Sarmiento ◽  
Stephanie B. Helber ◽  
Miriam Ruocco ◽  
Antonio Terlizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Cultural Eutrophication ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Seagrass meadows are disappearing at rates comparable to those reported for mangroves, coral reefs, and tropical rainforests. One of the main causes of their decline is the so-called cultural eutrophication, i.e., the input of abnormal amounts of nutrients derived from human activities. Besides the impact of eutrophication at a local scale, the occurrence of additional stress factors such as global sea warming may create synergisms in detriment of seagrass meadows’ health. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate if plants undergoing chronic cultural eutrophication and plants growing in relatively pristine waters are more (or less) sensitive to heat stress, nutrient load and the combination of both stressors. To address this question, a mesocosm experiment was conducted using Posidonia oceanica collected from two environments with different nutrients load history. Plants were exposed in controlled conditions to high nutrient concentrations, increased temperature and their combination for 5 weeks, to assess the effect of the single stressors and their interaction. Our results revealed that plants experiencing chronic cultural eutrophication (EU) are more sensitive to further exposure to multiple stressors than plants growing in oligotrophic habitats (OL). OL and EU plants showed different morphological traits and physiological performances, which corroborates the role of local pressures in activating different strategies in response to global environmental changes. EU-plants appeared to be weaker during the treatments, showing the greatest percentage of mortality, particularly under increased temperature. Temperature and nutrient treatments showed opposite effects when tested individually and an offset response when combined. The activation of physiological strategies with high energetic expenses to cope with excess of nutrients and other stressors, could affect plants present and future persistence, particularly under eutrophic conditions. Our results represent a step forward in understanding the complex interactions that occur in natural environments. Moreover, unraveling intraspecific strategies and the role of local acclimation/adaptation in response to multiple stressors could be crucial for seagrass conservation strategies under a climate change scenario.

Resistance of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows to the spread of the introduced green alga Caulerpa cylindracea: assessment of the role of light

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1989-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lázaro Marín-Guirao ◽  
Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller ◽  
Juan Manuel Ruiz ◽  
José Miguel Sandoval-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Role Of Light

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of pipefish species inhabiting Mediterranean seagrasses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA CASTRO-FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
INÉS CASTEJÓN-SILVO ◽  
PABLO ARECHAVALA-LOPEZ ◽  
JORGE TERRADOS ◽  
BEATRIZ MORALES-NIN
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Syngnathus Typhle ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Marine Areas

Pipefish are a vulnerable and diverse group of ichthyofauna tightly associated to seagrass meadows, key habitats in shallow marine areas. Despite of their charismatic role, main ecological features, habitat and diet of this group remain largely unknown. This study focuses on assessing pipefish habitat and feeding preferences including different hosting seagrasses such as Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. Four species (Syngnathus typhle, S. abaster, Nerophis ophidion and N. maculatus) were found associated to different seagrasses. S. typhle and N. maculatus were more frequent in P. oceanica meadows, while S. abaster and N. ophidion in C. nodosa. Individuals of all species captured in P. oceanica were larger than those living in C. nodosa, suggesting a size-dependent habitat preference. Feeding preferences, however, were driven by prey availability and fish features, e.g head/snout morphology. For the first time in the western Mediterranean, a thorough description of the diet and potential preys of this group was carried out. Epifaunal assemblages (potential prey) were dominated in both habitats by harpacticoid copepods and gammarid amphipods, and they were also the primary preys according to stomach contents of all species. These results can contribute to future pipefish conservation and management actions, such as targeting crucial habitat identification and designing culture and reintroduction protocols.

Direct Evidence for the Role of Inhibition in Resolving Interference

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karl Healey ◽  
Karen L. Campbell ◽  
Lynn Hasher ◽  
Lynn Ossher
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence

scholarly journals CHOP-Dependent Stress-Inducible Expression of a Novel Form of Carbonic Anhydrase VI

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sok ◽  
Xiao-Zhong Wang ◽  
Nikoleta Batchvarova ◽  
Masahiko Kuroda ◽  
Heather Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Intracellular Form ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Vi ◽  
Responsive Element

ABSTRACT CHOP (also called GADD153) is a stress-inducible nuclear protein that dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors and was initially identified as an inhibitor of C/EBP binding to classic C/EBP target genes. Subsequent experiments suggested a role for CHOP-C/EBP heterodimers in positively regulating gene expression; however, direct evidence that this is the case has so far not been uncovered. Here we describe the identification of a positively regulated direct CHOP-C/EBP target gene, that encoding murine carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI). The stress-inducible form of the gene is expressed from an internal promoter and encodes a novel intracellular form of what is normally a secreted protein. Stress-induced expression of CA-VI is both CHOP and C/EBPβ dependent in that it does not occur in cells deficient in either gene. A CHOP-responsive element was mapped to the inducibleCA-VI promoter, and in vitro footprinting revealed binding of CHOP-C/EBP heterodimers to that site. Rescue of CA-VIexpression in c/ebpβ−/− cells by exogenous C/EBPβ and a shorter, normally inhibitory isoform of the protein known as LIP suggests that the role of the C/EBP partner is limited to targeting the CHOP-containing heterodimer to the response element and points to a preeminent role for CHOP in CA-VI induction during stress.

scholarly journals The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yin ◽  
Xiaotian Liu ◽  
Xuejun Shao ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Lung Carcinogenesis ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Lung Cancer Metastasis

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis, and their involvement at both the pre-metastatic and metastatic phases. The clinical application of exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers, their role in antitumor drug resistance, and their utility as predictive biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis are also presented. The metastatic activity, a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment and subsequent colonization of the host's organs, is integrated with exosomal effects. Exosomes act as functional mediating factors in cell–cell communication, influencing various steps of the metastatic cascade. To this end, lung cancer cell-derived exosomes enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, regulate drug resistance, and antitumor immune activities during lung carcinogenesis, and are currently being explored as an important component in liquid biopsy assessment for diagnosing lung cancer. These nano-sized extracellular vesicles are also being explored as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility, circulatory stability, decreased toxicity, and tumor specificity. The current knowledge of the role of exosomes highlights an array of exosome-dependent pathways and cargoes that are ripe for exploiting therapeutic targets to treat lung cancer metastasis, and for predictive value assessment in diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-tumor drug resistance.

scholarly journals FDG-PET/CT for the Management of Post-Chemotherapy Residual Mass in Hodgkin lymphoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3952
Author(s):  
Andrea Gallamini ◽  
Michał Kurlapski ◽  
Jan Maciej Zaucha
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

In the present review, the authors report the published evidence on the use of functional imaging with FDG-PET/CT in assessing the final response to treatment in Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite a very high overall Negative Predictive Value of post-chemotherapy PET on treatment outcome ranging from 94% to 86%, according to different treatment intensity, the Positive Predicting Value proved much lower (40–25%). In the present review the Authors discuss the role of PET to guide consolidation RT over a RM after different chemotherapy regimens, both in early and in advanced-stage disease. A particular emphasis is dedicated to the peculiar issue of the qualitative versus semi-quantitative methods for End-of Therapy PET scan interpretation. A short hint will be given on the role of FDG-PET to assess the treatment outcome after immune checkpoint inhibitors.

scholarly journals Stoichiometric Analysis of Shifting in Subcellular Compartmentalization of HSP70 within Ischemic Penumbra

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3578
Author(s):  
Federica Mastroiacovo ◽  
Francesca Biagioni ◽  
Paola Lenzi ◽  
Larisa Ryskalin ◽  
Stefano Puglisi-Allegra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Neuronal Survival ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Control Brain ◽  
Disease Modifier ◽  
Subcellular Compartmentalization

The heat shock protein (HSP) 70 is considered the main hallmark in preclinical studies to stain the peri-infarct region defined area penumbra in preclinical models of brain ischemia. This protein is also considered as a potential disease modifier, which may improve the outcome of ischemic damage. In fact, the molecule HSP70 acts as a chaperonine being able to impact at several level the homeostasis of neurons. Despite being used routinely to stain area penumbra in light microscopy, the subcellular placement of this protein within area penumbra neurons, to our knowledge, remains undefined. This is key mostly when considering studies aimed at deciphering the functional role of this protein as a determinant of neuronal survival. The general subcellular placement of HSP70 was grossly reported in studies using confocal microscopy, although no direct visualization of this molecule at electron microscopy was carried out. The present study aims to provide a direct evidence of HSP70 within various subcellular compartments. In detail, by using ultrastructural morphometry to quantify HSP70 stoichiometrically detected by immuno-gold within specific organelles we could compare the compartmentalization of the molecule within area penumbra compared with control brain areas. The study indicates that two cell compartments in control conditions own a high density of HSP70, cytosolic vacuoles and mitochondria. In these organelles, HSP70 is present in amount exceeding several-fold the presence in the cytosol. Remarkably, within area penumbra a loss of such a specific polarization is documented. This leads to the depletion of HSP70 from mitochondria and mostly cell vacuoles. Such an effect is expected to lead to significant variations in the ability of HSP70 to exert its physiological roles. The present findings, beyond defining the neuronal compartmentalization of HSP70 within area penumbra may lead to a better comprehension of its beneficial/detrimental role in promoting neuronal survival.

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