scholarly journals Coastal oceanographic signatures of heat waves and extreme events of dense water formation during the period 2002-2012 (Barcelona, NW Mediterranean)

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Guillén ◽  
Laura Arin ◽  
Jordi Salat ◽  
Pere Puig ◽  
Marta Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

In a global context of climate change affecting the marine environment, it is important to consider the effect of extreme events in driving ecological change and to gain a better understanding of conditions to be expected under future scenarios. In this study we focus on monthly oceanographic data collected off Barcelona city during the period 2002-2012, in which extreme air temperatures and exceptional oceanographic events were reported in the western Mediterranean basin. These included two extreme heat waves and major episodes of dense water formation that produced unusually large deep-water contributions, induced oceanographic changes in the coastal zone and caused significant alterations to the marine ecosystem. To determine whether routine monitoring of oceanographic variables in a coastal zone can provide information for recognizing such large-scale events, temperature, salinity, turbidity and fluorescence were analysed to identify their signatures. The results provide an additional tool for monitoring oceanographic events and improving forecasts and future projections.

scholarly journals Circulation Induced by Isolated Dense Water Formation over Closed Topographic Contours

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2251-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Spall ◽  
Joseph Pedlosky ◽  
Claudia Cenedese
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Primitive Equation ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Primitive Equation Model ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
Brine Rejection

AbstractThe problem of localized dense water formation over a sloping bottom is considered for the general case in which the topography forms a closed contour. This class of problems is motivated by topography around islands or shallow shoals in which convection resulting from brine rejection or surface heat loss reaches the bottom. The focus of this study is on the large-scale circulation that is forced far from the region of surface forcing. The authors find that a cyclonic current is generated around the topography, in the opposite sense to the propagation of the dense water plume. In physical terms, this current results from the propagation of low sea surface height from the region of dense water formation anticyclonically along the topographic contours back to the formation region. This pressure gradient is then balanced by a cyclonic geostrophic flow. This basic structure is well predicted by a linear quasigeostrophic theory, a primitive equation model, and in rotating tank experiments. For sufficiently strong forcing, the anticyclonic circulation of the dense plume meets this cyclonic circulation to produce a sharp front and offshore advection of dense water at the bottom and buoyant water at the surface. This nonlinear limit is demonstrated in both the primitive equation model and in the tank experiments.

Dense water formation on the Icelandic shelf and its contribution to the North Icelandic Jet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarisbel Garcia‐Quintana ◽  
Nathan Grivault ◽  
Xianmin Hu ◽  
Paul G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Dense Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of extreme ozone and heat waves in two cities from Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenza KHOMSI 1,2 ◽  
Houda NAJMI 2 ◽  
Zineb SOUHAILI 1
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Change Context

Temperature is the first meteorological factor to be directly involved in leading ozone (O3) extreme events. Generally, upward temperatures increase the probability of having exceedance in ozone adopted thresholds. In the global climate change context more frequent and/or persistent heat waves and extreme ozone (O3) episodes are likely to occur during in coming decades and a key question is about the coincidence and co-occurrence of these extremes. In this paper, using 7 years of surface temperature and air quality observations over two cities from Morocco (Casablanca and Marrakech) and implementing a percentile thresholding approach, we show that the extremes in temperature and ozone (O3) cluster together in many cases and that the outbreak of ozone events generally match the first or second days of heat waves. This co-occurrence of extreme episodes is highly impacted by humidity and may be overlapping large-scale episodes.

scholarly journals The improvements of the ships of opportunity program in MFS-TEP

Ocean Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. R. Manzella ◽  
F. Reseghetti ◽  
G. Coppini ◽  
M. Borghini ◽  
A. Cruzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Opportunity Program ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. The Ships Of Opportunity Program in the Mediterranean Sea was established at the end of 1999, in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Pilot Project (MFS-PP). Many improvements have been made in data collection, transmission and management. Calibration of selected XBTs and a comparison of XBTs vs. CTDs during some research cruises have assured the quality of the data. Transmission now allows receiving data in full resolution by using GSM or satellite telecommunication services; management is offering access to high quality data and view services. The effects of technological and methodological improvements in the observing system are assessed in terms of capability to represent the most important circulation features. The improved methodologies have been tested during the Mediterranean Forecasting System – Toward Environmental Prediction (MFS-TEP) – Targeted Operational Period (MFS-TOP), lasting from September 2004 to February 2005. In spite of the short period of measurements, several important aspects of the Mediterranean Sea circulation have been verified, such as eddies and gyres in the various sub-basins, and dense water formation processes in some of them (vertical homogeneous profiles of about 13°C down to ~800 m in the Provençal, and of about 14.9°C down to ~300 m in the Levantine have allowed defining an index of dense water formation).

scholarly journals Circulation, dense water formation, and outflow on the northeast Chukchi Shelf

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (C4) ◽  
pp. 7647-7661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Weingartner ◽  
Donald J. Cavalieri ◽  
Knut Aagaard ◽  
Yasunori Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dense Water ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
Chukchi Shelf

Anthropogenic CO2 in a dense water formation area of the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Ingrosso ◽  
Manuel Bensi ◽  
Vanessa Cardin ◽  
Michele Giani
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Dense water formation in the Gulf of Lions shelf: Impact of atmospheric interannual variability and climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2092-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Herrmann ◽  
Claude Estournel ◽  
Michel Déqué ◽  
Patrick Marsaleix ◽  
Florence Sevault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation

scholarly journals Dense water formation and circulation in the Barents Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 801-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Årthun ◽  
R.B. Ingvaldsen ◽  
L.H. Smedsrud ◽  
C. Schrum
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Dense Water ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Water Formation ◽  
Dense Water Formation
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