scholarly journals Insights into species diversity of associated crustose coralline algae (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) with Atlantic European maerl beds using DNA barcoding

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pardo ◽  
Ignacio Bárbara ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Viviana Peña
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Maerl Beds

DNA barcoding in combination with morpho-anatomical analysis was applied to study the diversity of crustose coralline algae associated to two maerl beds from two protected Atlantic European areas from Brittany and Galicia —France and Spain, respectively—. Given the records of gametophytes of the maerl species Phymatolithon calcareum under crustose growth-forms, and that associated crustose coralline algae appear to be involved in the recruitment of new maerl plants, we compared the species composition between the associated crustose coralline algae to Breton and Galician maerl beds with the maerl species identified in these beds in previous DNA barcoding surveys. Our molecular results revealed higher species diversity in associated crustose coralline algae than in maerl-forming species. Nine taxa of crustose coralline algae were found in both study areas: four in Brittany and five in Galicia. Three species from Brittany were identified as Phymatolithon calcareum, Phymatolithon lamii, and Lithophyllum hibernicum. The remaining six ones were assigned to the genera Phymatolithon and Mesophyllum, along with Lithothamnion and Lithophyllum. Morpho-anatomical examination of diagnostic characters corroborated our molecular identification. Our results showed that the most representative genus of crustose coralline algae in Brittany was Phymatolithon, while in Galicia was Mesophyllum. In Brittany, Phymatolithon calcareum was found under both growth-forms, maerl and crustose coralline algae, the latter assigned to the gametophyte stage by the presence of uniporate conceptacles. The recruitment of new maerl plants involving associated crustose coralline algae with maerl beds may occur, but only we can affirm it for Phymatolithon calcareum in Brittany. By contrast, the different species composition between both growth-forms in the Galician maerl beds would indicate that the fragmentation of own free-living maerl species appears to be the most common propagation mechanism.

scholarly journals Floristic composition of crustose coralline algae from the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, a summit of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalita Mendes Crespo ◽  
Ricardo Da Gama Bahia ◽  
Gavin Willian Maneveldt ◽  
Gilberto Menezes Amado Filho
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA) are important constituents of tropical coral reef environments throughout the world’s oceans, acting as structural reinforcement and recruitment cues. Despite their importance and their ubiquity, very little is known of the biodiversity of CCA in remote areas of the world’s oceans. On the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), located in the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean, CCA occur abundantly in intertidal rock pools and the surrounding subtidal zones. This study represents the first attempt at detailing the CCA species composition for the archipelago along a depth interval between 0 to 70 m. Seven taxa of CCA were identified: Corallinaceae sp., Hydrolithon rupestre, Hydrolithon sp., Lithophyllum johansenii, Lithothamnion muelleri, Mesophyllum engelhartii, and Titanoderma pustulatum pustulatum. A decrease in CCA species richness and change in species composition was seen from shallow to deeper zones that can be explained by a significant reduction in temperature and photon irradiance observed bellow 30 m depth.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUITION OF CRUSTOSE CORALLINE ALGAE (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA) IN THE ABROLHOS REEFS, BAHIA, BRAZIL

Rodriguésia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Tapajós de Souza Tâmega ◽  
Marcia A. O. Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Herbivore Pressure ◽  
Sessile Organisms

ABSTRACT The crustose coralline algae have an important structural role in coral reef crests, as observed for some Atlantic reefs. In this work the distribution and abundance of crustose coralline algae and their relation to other benthic reef organisms were described for the Abrolhos Archipelago. The quantification of sessile organisms was made by SCUBA diving along replicated transect lines in different habitats and sites. Anovas were performed to test differences on algae abundance among sites and habitats. Coralline crusts did not show significant differences on abundance among sites (Anova, p>0,05), neither other benthic organisms (Anovas, p=0,634 invertebrates, p=0,767 filamentous algae, p=0,581 foliose algae, p=0,070 leathery algae and p=0,616 non calcareous crusts). Invertebrates and filamentous algae were the most abundant organisms on all sites and most habitats, contrasting with the low cover of coralline algae. In sheltered sites and on reef base it was observed a trend for an increase of fleshy foliose algae and leathery algae, contrasting with wave exposed sites. The distribution of coralline growth forms was characterized by a higher abundance of flat in relation to branched thalli. Branched coralline crusts are apparently more abundant within cryptic reef areas, not necessarily because of light limitation, but probably due to less herbivore pressure.

scholarly journals Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to carbon burial

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 7845-7877 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. van der Heijden ◽  
N. A. Kamenos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Potential Carbon

Abstract. The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO2 to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic organisms, including coralline algae, can act as a CO2 sink via photosynthesis and CaCO3 dissolution and act as a CO2 source during respiration and CaCO3 production on short-term time scales. Long-term carbon storage potential might come from the accumulation of coralline algae deposits over geological time scales. Here, the carbon storage potential of coralline algae is assessed using meta-analysis of their global organic and inorganic carbon production and the processes involved in this metabolism. Organic and inorganic production were estimated at 330 g C m−2 yr−1 and 880 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 respectively giving global organic/inorganic C production of 0.7/1.8 × 109 t C yr−1. Calcium carbonate production by free-living/crustose coralline algae (CCA) corresponded to a sediment accretion of 70/450 mm kyr−1. Using this potential carbon storage by coralline algae, the global production of free-living algae/CCA was 0.4/1.2 × 109 t C yr−1 suggesting a total potential carbon sink of 1.6 × 109 t C yr−1. Coralline algae therefore have production rates similar to mangroves, saltmarshes and seagrasses representing an as yet unquantified but significant carbon store, however, further empirical investigations are needed to determine the dynamics and stability of that store.

scholarly journals Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 6429-6441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. van der Heijden ◽  
N. A. Kamenos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Storage Potential ◽  
Potential Carbon

Abstract. The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO2 to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic organisms, including coralline algae, can act as a CO2 sink via photosynthesis and CaCO3 dissolution and act as a CO2 source during respiration and CaCO3 production on short-term timescales. Long-term carbon storage potential might come from the accumulation of coralline algae deposits over geological timescales. Here, the carbon storage potential of coralline algae is assessed using meta-analysis of their global organic and inorganic carbon production and the processes involved in this metabolism. Net organic and inorganic production were estimated at 330 g C m−2 yr−1 and 900 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 respectively giving global organic/inorganic C production of 0.7/1.8 × 109 t C yr−1. Calcium carbonate production by free-living/crustose coralline algae (CCA) corresponded to a sediment accretion of 70/450 mm kyr−1. Using this potential carbon storage for coralline algae, the global production of free-living algae/CCA was 0.4/1.2 × 109 t C yr−1 suggesting a total potential carbon sink of 1.6 × 109 tonnes per year. Coralline algae therefore have production rates similar to mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses representing an as yet unquantified but significant carbon store, however, further empirical investigations are needed to determine the dynamics and stability of that store.

Biogeographiс approaches to ecological mapping

2007 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
T. V. Kotova ◽  
G. N. Ogureeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Ecological Mapping ◽  
Zonal Vegetation ◽  
Mapping Units

The means for improving of the information capacity of ecological maps have been discussed with special accent on zoocomponent usually underestimated. The concept of ecoregion has been applicated in the course of work on the new map "Bioms of Russia" (S 1 : 8 000 000). Three levels of mapping units has been proposed: 1) zono- and orobioms, 2) ecoregions, 3) regional bioms. The first one is based upon the dominance of one or several zonal vegetation types, zoocomponent being characterized by the share of different vertebrate classes in species diversity of animal population. The concept of ecoregion reflects provincial features of subdivisions such as formation diversity, ecological-coenotic spectra of plants, trophic-demension groups, genera diversity of animal population, presence of endemic species and relic communities. Regional biom (main mapping unit) is characterized by the dominating growth forms, coenotical composition of plant formations and by the original combinations of types of territorial animal groupings with the enumeration of prevailing types and their species composition.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of free-living ciliates of the Kura River basin (within Azerbaijan)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Ilham Kh. Alekperov ◽  
Elyana N. Tahirova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Time Part ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Group Species ◽  
Freshwater Ciliates

As a result of long therm free-living ciliates investigation of the Kura River basin, in all 308 species have been noted. The article provides information on the ciliates species diversity of 8 sample points, across the Kura River within Azerbaijan – from Georgian state border to the delta. The freshwater ciliates species diversity varies considerably depending on location and environment sample points. The greatest diversity of freshwater ciliates noted in Mingechevir and Varvara reservoirs (128 and 140 species respectively), which in our opinion, is related with a variety of biotopes in these reservoirs and an abundance of food organisms. The analysis on the occurrence of ciliates showed that the group of dominants (noted in more than 80 % of all samples) includes 10.71 % of the total species diversity, and the group of regular ones (occurrence less than 80, but more than 50 %) 13.60 % of the entire species composition, 71.47 % belong to the largest group of irregular ones (occurrence from 30 to 50 % in samples), and 4.22 % of the total species diversity to the group of random species (occurrence less than 30 % of all samples). It has been established that the largest group of irregular species is consist ciliates, confined to a certain time of the year – mainly in spring and fall. At the same time, part of this group species appeared in the communities only in the summer.

REEVALUATION OF THE INFERRED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVING RHODOLITH MORPHOLOGIES, THEIR MOVEMENT, AND WATER ENERGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

Palaios ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
LAURA G. O'CONNELL ◽  
NOEL P. JAMES ◽  
ADELA S. HARVEY ◽  
JOHN LUICK ◽  
YVONNE BONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Oceanographic Data

ABSTRACT Free-living forms of crustose coralline algae (rhodoliths) accumulate on shallow-water marine shelves in many regions worldwide. They form their own benthic habitats termed ‘rhodolith beds' and their deposits are well preserved in the rock record. Characteristics of rhodolith deposits can be used to interpret ancient water depths, light levels, and water energies. Accurate paleoceanographic interpretations rely on large-scale, detailed studies of living rhodolith beds, but these studies are scarce. Spencer Gulf in South Australia has the largest living rhodolith beds in southeastern Australia (∼ 3,000 km2). Documentation of these rhodolith deposits includes facies analysis, coralline algal taxonomy, characterization of growth forms and morphometrics, and integration with oceanographic data. Extensive oceanographic data and hydrodynamic modeling enable comparisons between rhodolith morphologies and bottom water energies with unprecedented accuracy. Rhodolith deposits in the gulf are intermixed with carbonate sands and muds under diverse hydrodynamic conditions, with current speeds up to 1.04 m s−1. At least five coralline algal genera construct rhodoliths in Spencer Gulf. Growth forms include fruticose, lumpy, and warty. Rhodolith morphologies imply that water energy is not the only thing affecting rhodolith movement and growth; rhodoliths can also be shifted by fish and invertebrates. Linear regression models in this study evaluate relationships between rhodolith morphometrics (mean diameter, sphericity, and branch density) and maximum bottom water speeds in Spencer Gulf and their results support the idea that water energy is not a major control on rhodolith morphology under these water energy conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the relationship between rhodolith morphologies and water energy levels is complicated and many authors have cautioned to not rely solely on rhodolith morphologies to interpret paleoceanographic conditions. Results of this study demonstrate that accurate paleoceanographic interpretations cannot be made based on rhodolith morphologies alone, but should also include sedimentology, coralline taxonomy, and associated biota.

scholarly journals Bioerosion of reef-building crustose coralline algae by endolithic invertebrates in an upwelling-influenced reef

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ramírez-Viaña ◽  
Guillermo Diaz-Pulido ◽  
Rocío García-Urueña
Keyword(s):  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae

Synergistic effects of diuron and sedimentation on photosynthesis and survival of crustose coralline algae

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Harrington ◽  
Katharina Fabricius ◽  
Geoff Eaglesham ◽  
Andrew Negri
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae

Effect of 3D printer enabled surface morphology and composition on coral growth in artificial reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Valenzuela Matus ◽  
Jorge Lino Alves ◽  
Joaquim Góis ◽  
Augusto Barata da Rocha ◽  
Rui Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prove and qualify the influence of textured surface substrates morphology and chemical composition on the growth and propagation of transplanted corals. Use additive manufacturing and silicone moulds for converting three-dimensional samples into limestone mortar with white Portland cement substrates for coral growth. Design/methodology/approach Tiles samples were designed and printed with different geometries and textures inspired by nature marine environment. Commercial coral frag tiles were analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the main chemical elements. Raw materials and coral species were selected. New base substrates were manufactured and deployed into a closed-circuit aquarium to monitor the coral weekly evolution process and analyse the results obtained. Findings Experimental results provided positive statistical parameters for future implementation tests, concluding that the intensity of textured surface, interfered favourably in the coralline algae biofilm growth. The chemical composition and design of the substrates were determinant factors for successful coral propagation. Recesses and cavities mimic the natural rocks aspect and promoted the presence and interaction of other species that favour the richness of the ecosystem. Originality/value Additive manufacturing provided an innovative method of production for ecology restoration areas, allowing rapid prototyping of substrates with high complexity morphologies, a critical and fundamental attribute to guarantee coral growth and Crustose Coralline Algae. The result of this study showed the feasibility of this approach using three-dimensional printing technologies.

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