scholarly journals Isolated Weakness of Middle, Ring, and Little Fingers due to a Small Cortical Infarction in the Medial Precentral Gyrus

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Su Han ◽  
Sang-Won Ha ◽  
Jeong-Seon Cho ◽  
Sang-Eun Park ◽  
Jung-Mee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cortical Infarction ◽  
Middle Ring

scholarly journals Claw-Hand Caused by a Small Cortical Infarction in the Precentral Gyrus

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Jiwon Yang ◽  
Seokhong Choi ◽  
Hyun Suk Kim ◽  
Dong Hoon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Cortical Infarction

Tribological and dynamical analysis of a brake pad with multiple blocks for a high-speed train

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1788
Author(s):  
YK Wu ◽  
JL Mo ◽  
B Tang ◽  
JW Xu ◽  
B Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Brake Squeal ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Single Block ◽  
Middle Ring

In this research, the tribological and dynamical characteristics of a brake pad with multiple blocks are investigated using experimental and numerical methods. A dynamometer with a multiblock brake pad configuration on a brake disc is developed and a series of drag-type tests are conducted to study the brake squeal and wear behavior of a high-speed train brake system. Finite element analysis is performed to derive physical explanations for the observed experimental phenomena. The experimental and numerical results show that the rotational speed and braking force have important influences on the brake squeal; the trends of the multiblock and single-block systems are different. In the multiblock brake pad, the different blocks exhibit significantly different magnitudes of contact stresses and vibration accelerations. The blocks located in the inner and outer rings have higher vibration acceleration amplitudes and stronger vibration energies than the blocks located in the middle ring.

scholarly journals Survival of glioblastoma in relation to tumor location: a statistical tumor atlas of a population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Even Hovig Fyllingen ◽  
Lars Eirik Bø ◽  
Ingerid Reinertsen ◽  
Asgeir Store Jakola ◽  
Lisa Millgård Sagberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
The Third

Abstract Purpose Previous studies on the effect of tumor location on overall survival in glioblastoma have found conflicting results. Based on statistical maps, we sought to explore the effect of tumor location on overall survival in a population-based cohort of patients with glioblastoma and IDH wild-type astrocytoma WHO grade II–III with radiological necrosis. Methods Patients were divided into three groups based on overall survival: < 6 months, 6–24 months, and > 24 months. Statistical maps exploring differences in tumor location between these three groups were calculated from pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging scans. Based on the results, multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the possible independent effect of centrally located tumors compared to known prognostic factors by use of distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border in centimeters as a continuous variable. Results A total of 215 patients were included in the statistical maps. Central tumor location (corpus callosum, basal ganglia) was associated with overall survival < 6 months. There was also a reduced overall survival in patients with tumors in the left temporal lobe pole. Tumors in the dorsomedial right temporal lobe and the white matter region involving the left anterior paracentral gyrus/dorsal supplementary motor area/medial precentral gyrus were associated with overall survival > 24 months. Increased distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border was a positive prognostic factor for survival in elderly patients, but less so in younger patients. Conclusions Central tumor location was associated with worse prognosis. Distance from center of the third ventricle to contrast-enhancing tumor border may be a pragmatic prognostic factor in elderly patients.

Relief of facial pain after combined removal of precentral and postcentral cortex

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Lende ◽  
Wolff M. Kirsch ◽  
Ralph Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
Cortical Localization ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Frontal Lobotomy

✓ Cortical removals which included precentral and postcentral facial representations resulted in relief of facial pain in two patients. Because of known failures following only postcentral (SmI) ablations, these operations were designed to eliminate also the cutaneous afferent projection to the precentral gyrus (MsI) and the second somatic sensory area (SmII). In one case burning pain developed after a stroke involving the brain stem and was not improved by total fifth nerve section; prompt relief followed corticectomy and lasted until death from heart disease 20 months later. In the other case persistent steady pain that developed after fifth rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia proved refractory to frontal lobotomy; relief after corticectomy was immediate and has lasted 14 months. Cortical localization was established by stimulation under local anesthesia. Each removal extended up to the border of the arm representation and down to the upper border of the insula. Such a resection necessarily included SmII, and in one case responses presumably from SmII were obtained before removal. The suggestions of Biemond (1956) and Poggio and Mountcastle (1960) that SmII might be concerned with pain sensibility may be pertinent in these cases.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

scholarly journals Grey matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wen ◽  
Junjuan Yan ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jingran Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus

Abstract Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the continual presence of primary motor and vocal tics. Grey matter abnormalities have been identified in numerous studies of TS, but conflicting results have been reported. This study was an unbiased statistical meta-analysis of published neuroimaging studies of TS structures. Methods A voxel quantitative meta-analysis technique called activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used. The meta-analysis included six neuroimaging studies involving 247 TS patients and 236 healthy controls. A statistical threshold of p < 0.05 was established based on the false discovery rate and a cluster extent threshold of 50 voxels. Results We found that grey matter volumes were significantly increased in the bilateral thalamus, right hypothalamus, right precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right lentiform nucleus, and left insula of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. In contrast, grey matter volumes were significantly decreased in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral insula, left posterior cingulate and left postcentral gyrus of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis primarily revealed significant increases in grey matter volumes in the thalamus and lentiform nucleus, and decreased grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus, of TS patients compared to those in healthy controls. Most of these identified regions are associated with cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these changes in grey matter volumes in TS patients.

scholarly journals Identifying Diurnal Variability of Brain Connectivity Patterns Using Graph Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Farzad V. Farahani ◽  
Magdalena Fafrowicz ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Bartosz Bohaterewicz ◽  
Anna Maria Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Brain Functions

Significant differences exist in human brain functions affected by time of day and by people’s diurnal preferences (chronotypes) that are rarely considered in brain studies. In the current study, using network neuroscience and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data, we examined the effect of both time of day and the individual’s chronotype on whole-brain network organization. In this regard, 62 participants (39 women; mean age: 23.97 ± 3.26 years; half morning- versus half evening-type) were scanned about 1 and 10 h after wake-up time for morning and evening sessions, respectively. We found evidence for a time-of-day effect on connectivity profiles but not for the effect of chronotype. Compared with the morning session, we found relatively higher small-worldness (an index that represents more efficient network organization) in the evening session, which suggests the dominance of sleep inertia over the circadian and homeostatic processes in the first hours after waking. Furthermore, local graph measures were changed, predominantly across the left hemisphere, in areas such as the precentral gyrus, putamen, inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part), inferior temporal gyrus, as well as the bilateral cerebellum. These findings show the variability of the functional neural network architecture during the day and improve our understanding of the role of time of day in resting-state functional networks.

Effects of the SNAP25 on Integration Ability of Brain Functions in Children With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472096456
Author(s):  
Yue Yang ◽  
Gang Peng ◽  
Hongwu Zeng ◽  
Diangang Fang ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effects of SNAP25 on the integration ability of intrinsic brain functions in children with ADHD, and whether the integration ability was associated with working memory (WM). Methods: A sliding time window method was used to calculate the spatial and temporal concordance among five rs-fMRI regional indices in 55 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls. Results: The SNAP25 exhibited significant interaction effects with ADHD diagnosis on the voxel-wise concordance in the right posterior central gyrus, fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus. Specifically, for children with ADHD, G-carriers showed increased voxel-wise concordance in comparison to TT homozygotes in the right precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. The voxel-wise concordance was also found to be related to WM. Conclusion: Our findings provided a new insight into the neural mechanisms of the brain function of ADHD children.

scholarly journals Recurrent Patent Foramen Ovale-Related Cerebral Infarcts Alternately Causing Bilateral Hand Paresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Abnormal Finding ◽  
Hand Motor Area

Isolated hand paresis is a rare presentation of stroke, which mostly results from a lesion in the cortical hand motor area, a knob-like area within the precentral gyrus. I report the case of a patient who experienced recurrent ischemic stroke alternately involving bilateral hand knob areas, causing isolated hand paresis. There was no abnormal finding on brain and neck magnetic resonance angiography, transthoracic echocardiography, and 48-h Holter monitoring, and there were no abnormal immunologic and coagulation laboratory findings. The only embolic source was found to be a patent foramen ovale, which was proven on transesophageal echocardiography. The patient underwent percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale after alternately repeated paresis of both hands despite antiplatelet treatment. This case suggests that ischemic stroke affecting the cortical knob area, albeit extremely rare, may recur due to a patent foramen ovale, and it necessitates complete investigation, including transesophageal echocardiography, to identify possible embolic sources.

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