scholarly journals Application of micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to study buckwheat grain structure and composition

Fagopyrum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Pongrac ◽  
Mitja Kelemen ◽  
Primož Vavpetič ◽  
Katarina Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
Marjana Regvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Loss ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Technological Processing

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a gluten-free pseudo-cereal crop with a grain nutrient profile that makes it an excellent alternative foodstuff. The distribution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) was investigated by micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to resolve allocation and concentration of the elements in nine distinct grain tissues. Magnesium, P and S were preferentially allocated to the cotyledons and the embryonic axis (both inner and outer tissues), and Ca was predominant in the pericarp where two Ca-rich layers were observed. Allocation of P and S to aleurone suggests that this layer of cells, although not as prominent as in cereal grain, is rich in phytate and proteins. Quantitative information on spatial distribution of mineral elements in the edible grain may be useful in the technological processing of the grain and particularly in reducing the amount of mineral-element loss during milling.

TEM studies of solid-state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
F. Ma ◽  
S. Vivekanand ◽  
K. Barmak ◽  
C. Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Solid state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films have been studied by transmission and analytical electron microscopy (TEM/AEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Nb/Al multilayer thin films for TEM studies were sputter-deposited on (1102)sapphire substrates. The periodicity of the films is in the range 10-500 nm. The overall composition of the films are 1/3, 2/1, and 3/1 Nb/Al, corresponding to the stoichiometric composition of the three intermetallic phases in this system.Figure 1 is a TEM micrograph of an as-deposited film with periodicity A = dA1 + dNb = 72 nm, where d's are layer thicknesses. The polycrystalline nature of the Al and Nb layers with their columnar grain structure is evident in the figure. Both Nb and Al layers exhibit crystallographic texture, with the electron diffraction pattern for this film showing stronger diffraction spots in the direction normal to the multilayer. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all films are dominated by the Al(l 11) and Nb(l 10) peaks and show a merging of these two peaks with decreasing periodicity.

scholarly journals Integrated quantitative PIXE analysis and EDX spectroscopy using a laser-driven particle source

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabc8660
Author(s):  
F. Mirani ◽  
A. Maffini ◽  
F. Casamichiela ◽  
A. Pazzaglia ◽  
A. Formenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
Particle Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Sample Structure ◽  
Elemental Characterization

Among the existing elemental characterization techniques, particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy are two of the most widely used in different scientific and technological fields. Here, we present the first quantitative laser-driven PIXE and laser-driven EDX experimental investigation performed at the Centro de Láseres Pulsados in Salamanca. Thanks to their potential for compactness and portability, laser-driven particle sources are very appealing for materials science applications, especially for materials analysis techniques. We demonstrate the possibility to exploit the x-ray signal produced by the co-irradiation with both electrons and protons to identify the elements in the sample. We show that, using the proton beam only, we can successfully obtain quantitative information about the sample structure through laser-driven PIXE analysis. These results pave the way toward the development of a compact and multifunctional apparatus for the elemental analysis of materials based on a laser-driven particle source.

Development of arc welding technique to preclude microsegregation in the dissimilar joint of Alloy C-2000 and C-276

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110000
Author(s):  
B Arulmurugan ◽  
M Sathishkumar ◽  
D Balaji ◽  
K Muralikrishnan ◽  
S Pranesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissimilar Weld ◽  
Dissimilar Alloys ◽  
Average Grain Size

Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276 are widely used in Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) system and Chemical Processing Industries (CPI). Current work is focused on weld microstructure, and mechanical properties (structure-property relationship) of the dissimilar combination of alloy C-2000 and C-276. Multi-pass Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc (PCGTA) welding was adopted for joining the dissimilar alloys using the filler ERNiCrMo-17. Microstructural characteristics of the weld joint were assessed by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Weld interface microstructure examination revealed the presence of grain coarsening near the Heat Affecting Zone (HAZ) of the alloy C-276 side. SEM analysis shows the absence of secondary Topologically Closed Packed (TCP) phases in the Inter-Dendritic (ID) regions of the dissimilar weld. Micro-segregation of alloying elements in the weldment was assessed by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis had been carried out to identify the phase constitution and average grain size. Strength, toughness, and hardness of the dissimilar weld were evaluated with the support of the tensile test, Charpy impact test, and Vicker’s hardness test. Tensile study showed that all the tensile fracture occurred at the base metal side of alloy C-276. The average toughness of the dissimilar alloy joint was noted about 84 J. Hardness test results indicated that fusion zone (FZ) hardness value was 6.19% and 2.27% superior to the candidates’ material (C-276 and C-2000) employed in this study. The refined grain structure and absence of microsegregation resulted in the highest hardness in the dissimilar weld FZ. Results revealed the substantiated use of PCGTA welding for the effective joining of dissimilar alloys of C-2000 and C-276 through the evaluation of metallurgical and mechanical characteristics.

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach for the identification of geographical origin of wheat flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Xingpu Qi ◽  
Zaiyong Si ◽  
Qianwei Cheng ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Origins

Abstract In this work, a method was established for discriminating geographical origins of wheat flour based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF) and chemometrics. 68 wheat flour samples from three different origins were collected and analyzed using ED-XRF technology. Firstly, the principal component analysis method was applied to analyze the feasibility of discrimination and reduce data dimensionality. Then, Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) was used to further extract feature variables, and 12 energy variables (corresponding to mineral elements) were identified and selected to characterize the geographical attributes of wheat flour samples. Finally, a non-linear model was constructed using principal component analysis and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). The CARS-PCA-QDA model showed that the accuracy of five-fold cross-validation was 84.25%. The results showed that the established method was able to select important energy channel variables effectively and wheat flour could be classified based on geographical origins with chemometrics, which could provide a theoretical basis for unveiling the relationship between mineral element composition and wheat origin.

Quantitative Phase Analysis By Linear Regression of Chemistry on X-Ray Diffraction Intensity

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Renault
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Speed Of Analysis ◽  
Artificial Mixtures

AbstractXRF and XRD measurements made on a single pressed powder briquet can be combined to give more quantitative information than either technique employed alone. Speed of analysis and simplification of sample preparation are also enhanced. The algorithm presented here uses multiple linear regression of the concentrations of one or more elements on the corrected X-ray diffraction intensities of the phases containing them. The data reduction program runs on a microcomputer. Data are presented to show its application to mineralogical analysis of artificial mixtures of quartz, microcline (a feldspar) and calcite.

Depth Profile of Structure, Strain, and Composition in an Annealed Al-Cu-Fe-Cr Quasicrystalline Film

2001 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Daniels ◽  
D. King ◽  
J.S. Zabinski ◽  
Z.U. Rek ◽  
J.C. Bilello
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strain ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Rf Sputtering ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Composite Target ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTQuasicrystalline films were formed by RF sputtering from a powder composite target onto Inconel substrates, which produces a polymorphic nanoquasicrystalline grain structure, ~2.5 - 10 nm. Subsequent annealing at 500°C for 4 hours, at base pressures of below 5*10-5 Torr, and with Ar flow to 5 - 10 mT, fully develops the quasicrystalline structure with decagonal phase predominating, except near the termination surface. Analysis by XPS indicated extensive oxygen incorporation and limited aluminum enrichment at the termination surface. These results are correlated with structure and strain analysis via synchrotron grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS). By varying the incident angle, hence the x-ray penetration depth, the evolution of an amorphous and crystalline crystalline secondary phases at the surface of the film has been detected. Residual strain analysis shows that this second phase induces a compressive residual strain of 0.10% as measured from the displacement of the major quasicrystalline peaks in the surface layers of the film.

scholarly journals Microstructural Development in a TRIP-780 Steel Joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW): Quantitative Evaluations and Comparisons with EBSD Predictions

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Perez Medina ◽  
Hugo Lopez Ferreira ◽  
Patricia Zambrano Robledo ◽  
Argelia Miranda Pérez ◽  
Felipe A. Reyes Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Grain Texture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Lap Shear

Abstract The present work describes the effect of FSW on the result microstructure in the stir zone (SZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) of a TRIP-780 steel. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and EBSD were used for determinations retained austenite (RA) in the SZ, It was found that the amount of RA developed in SZ was relatively large, (approximately 11% to 15%). In addition, recrystallization and the formation of a grain texture were resolved using EBSD. During FSW, the SZ experienced severe plastic deformation which lead to an increase in the temperature and consequently grain recrystallization. Moreover, it was found that the recrystallized grain structure and relatively high martensite levels developed in the SZ lead to a significant drop in the mechanical properties of the steel. In addition, microhardness profiles of the welded regions indicated that the hardness in both the SZ and TMAZ were relatively elevated confirming the development of martensite in these regions. In particular, to evaluate the mechanical strength of the weld, lap shear tensile test was conducted; exhibited the fracture zone in the SZ with shear fracture with uniformly distributed elongation shear dimples.

scholarly journals Effect of Gluten-Free Bakery Products on Serum Levels of Mineral Elements in Healthy Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. Gažarová ◽  
J. Kopčeková ◽  
J. Mrázová ◽  
P. Chlebo
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Average Serum

AbstractHealthy nutrition requires the intake of all macronutrients and micronutrients in optimal ratio and quantity. Nowadays, many people tend to gluten-free food without health and medical reasons. Many gluten-free products are nutritionally poorer than gluten-containing analogues. Although in many cases gluten-free products are nutritionally rich (either naturally or as a result of fortification), the bioavailability of nutrients is limited. The study focused on the influence of a six-week consumption of gluten-free bread and bakery products on mineral status in thirty healthy people without coeliac disease and the impacts eight weeks after the end of the consumption. Since the recommended daily intake for phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron was satisfied at only 84–88% for our volunteers, we consider the increase in the average serum levels of the monitored parameters to be positive (except for calcium). The six-week consumption of gluten-free bakery products had a positive effect on the mineral status of the monitored group of healthy consumers. We found a significant increase in phosphorus (P < 0.001) and magnesium (P < 0.01) levels, a certain increase in iron (P > 0.05), whereas the level of calcium insignificantly lowered (P > 0.05).

scholarly journals In situ monitoring of hydrothermal reactions by X-ray diffraction with Bragg–Brentano geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Karsten Mesecke ◽  
Winfried Malorny ◽  
Laurence N. Warr
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Information ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturated Vapour Pressure ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Kinetics Of

This note describes an autoclave chamber developed and constructed by Anton Paar and its application for in situ experiments under hydrothermal conditions. Reactions of crystalline phases can be studied by successive in situ measurements on a conventional laboratory X-ray diffractometer with Bragg–Brentano geometry at temperatures <483 K and saturated vapour pressure <2 MPa. Variations in the intensity of X-ray diffraction reflections of both reactants and products provide quantitative information for studying the reaction kinetics of both dissolution and crystal growth. Feasibility is demonstrated by studying a cementitious mixture used for autoclaved aerated concrete production. During a period of 5.7 h at 466 K and 1.35 MPa, the crystallization of torbermorite and the partial consumption of quartz were monitored.

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