scholarly journals Differentiation and growth of a growing point until the stage of flower bud appearance in leading common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat varieties in northern Japan

Fagopyrum ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Shinya Kasajima ◽  
Ikumi Yoshimaru ◽  
Hirotake Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Northern Japan

Studies regarding the developmental stage of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) have not been adequately performed despite its importance in studying the yield-determining process. In addition, the difference between common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is still unclear. In the present study, the differentiation and growth of the growing point until the stage of flower bud appearance were evaluated in the common buckwheat variety ‘Kitawasesoba’ and the Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Manten-Kirari’, which are the leading buckwheat varieties in Hokkaido, Japan. With some exceptions, the developmental stages of ‘Kitawasesoba’ and ‘Manten-Kirari’ can be distinguished. Thus, leaf primordia, axillary flower bud, and terminal flower bud differentiations and growths were observed. Both the common and Tartary buckwheat varieties did not exhibit large differences in the morphology of the growing point. However, the two varieties showed differences in the rates of differentiation and growth.Received: April 11, 2019; accepted: June 8, 2019Keywords: common buckwheat, developmental stage, growing point, Hokkaido, Tartary buckwheat

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Rutin Content Analysis of Leaves of the Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Grown in the United Kingdom: A Case Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Habtemariam
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
The Uk

The common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Polygonaceae) is a gluten-free pseudocereal that has been gaining in popularity in recent years as a low-calorie and nutrient-rich healthy food option. Buckwheat farming is common in Eastern European countries and the Far East, while in the UK and other Western European countries, the plant has limited medicinal or food applications. The vegetative parts, particularly the leaves and flowers, are among the best-known sources of the bioactive compound, rutin. Hence, functional foods originated from buckwheat leaves are common, although the scope of such applications is limited by phototoxicity associated with the fagopyrin composition. Here, the antioxidant and rutin composition of the leaves of the plant grown in the UK are assessed. The methanol extract of the leaves displayed a potent DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging effect along with reducing power. Quantitative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-based analysis showed the rutin content of the leaves as 3417 mg/100g (on dry weight (DW) basis). The identity of rutin was also confirmed by isolation and structural elucidation based on spectroscopic studies. From the chemical content analysis, including fagopyrin levels and the antioxidant assays, UK-grown buckwheat has potential as a commercial source of rutin or as a functional food.

Rutin and quercetin in common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat flour / Rutin in kvercetin v moki iz navadne in tatarske ajde

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Vombergar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

Samples of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) were used in milling, sieving and analysing experiments. Rutin and quercetin were analysed in buckwheat samples, in milling and sieving fractions and after the contact of flour particles with water, to simulate conditions in dough. The concentration of rutin in Tartary buckwheat was 1.17–1.75% in dry matter, while it was only 0.003% in dry matter of common buckwheat. Thus it is in Tartary buckwheat in this case 400 times more rutin in comparison to common buckwheat. In buckwheat dough with the time after mixing flour and water, the concentration of rutin diminished, the time needed was different in common and Tartary buckwheat dough, and quercetin appeared instead. Immediately after the direct contact of flour particles of common and Tartary buckwheat with water the rutin concentration changed from 11.7 to 0.79 mg/100 g dry matter (DM), and quercetin appeared (5.7 mg/100 g DM), in comparison in initial flour the concentration of quercetin was only 0.6 mg/100 g DM. In common buckwheat dough the apparent concentration of rutin changed from initial 0.0258 mg/g to 0.0263 mg/g DM, and after one hour after the beginning of contact of flour with water rutin concentration changed to only 0.0005 mg/g DM).  Keywords: common buckwheat, Tartary buckwheat, flavonoids, rutin, quercetin, milling, dough   Izvleček Raziskovali smo vzorce navadne ajde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in tatarske ajde (F. tataricum Gaertn.). Vzorce smo mleli, presejavali, pripravljali testo (mešanica moke in vode) ter  izmerili vsebnost rutina in kvercetina. Tatarska ajda ima bistveno višjo vsebnost rutina kot navadna ajda. Vsebnost rutina v raziskovani tatarski ajdi je 1,17–1,75 % v suhi snovi (SS), v navadni ajdi ´siva´ pa le 0,003 %. V tatarski ajdovi moki smo izmerili okoli 400x več rutina kot v navadni ajdovi moki. Pri neposrednem stiku ajdove moke z vodo težko najdemo vzporednice med  tatarsko ajdo in navadno ajdo in dogajanji v povezavi z rutinom v testu.  Koncentracija rutina v testu se po določenem času (različen čas pri navadni in tatarski ajdi – 5 minut do 2 uri) močno zniža, pojavi se kvercetin. Pri neposrednem stiku moke z vodo se vsebnost rutina v tatarski ajdovi moki močno zniža  že po prvih 5 minutah delovanja (z 11,7 na 0,79 mg/100 g SS), pojavi pa se kvercetin (5,7 mg/100 g SS), v vzorcu moke ga je le 0,6 mg/100 g SS. Pri neposrednem stiku moke iz navadne ajde z vodo vsebnost rutina v moki (vzorec S) naraste v prvi uri z začetnih 0,0258 mg/g na 0,0263 mg/g SS (v začetnem času nekoliko manj enakomerno), v drugi uri stika moke in vode pa koncentracija rutina močno pade (na 0,0005 mg/g SS).  Ključne besede: navadna ajda, tatarska ajda, flavonoidi, rutin, kvercetin, mletje, testo

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TIMING OF BUD DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF FLOWER INFLORESCENCE IN BLACKBERRY (Rubus spp.) CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Beril Kocaman ◽  
Hüsnü Demirsoy ◽  
Leyla Demirsoy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production is attracting interest in Turkey’s northern part, but information on timing of bud differentiation and developmental stages of flower inflorescence on next season is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of bud differentiation and development stages of flower inflorescence in 4 biennial fruiting blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars (‘Chester’, ‘Dirksen Thornless’, ‘Jumbo’, ‘Bursa 1’) grown in northern Turkey. Axillary bud samples were collected from the middle parts of the one year of lateral branches every 7–15 days from September 2008 to May 2010. Ten development stages were identified from the flower bud differentiation to post-bloom period. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage occurred during September to October, with the differentiation of the terminal flower occurring on September 18 in ‘Bursa 1’, October 4–9 in ‘Dirksen Thornless’, October 16–20 in ‘Jumbo’, and October 20–22 in ‘Chester’. In all the examined cultivars, flower development occurred between September and June and lasted for 193–215 days.

scholarly journals Effects of High Temperature on Embryological Development and Hormone Profile in Flowers and Leaves of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Płażek ◽  
Aneta Słomka ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Michał Dziurka ◽  
Marta Hornyák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat is a valuable crop, mainly due to the beneficial chemical composition of its seeds. However, buckwheat cultivation is limited because of unstable seed yield. The most important reasons for the low yield include embryo and flower abortion. The aim of this work is to verify whether high temperature affects embryological development in this plant species. The experiment was conducted on plants of a Polish cultivar ‘Panda’ and strain PA15, in which the percentage of degenerating embryo sacs was previously determined and amounted to 32% and 10%, respectively. The plants were cultivated in phytotronic conditions at 20 °C (control), and 30 °C (thermal stress). The embryological processes and hormonal profiles in flowers at various developmental stages (buds, open flowers, and wilted flowers) and in donor leaves were analyzed in two-month-old plants. Significant effects of thermal stress on the defective development of female gametophytes and hormone content in flowers and leaves were observed. Ovules were much more sensitive to high temperature than pollen grains in both genotypes. Pollen viability remained unaffected at 30 °C in both genotypes. The effect of temperature on female gametophyte development was visible in cv. Panda but not in PA15 buds. A drastic reduction in the number of properly developed embryo sacs was clear in open flowers at 30 °C in both genotypes. A considerable increase in abscisic acid in open flowers ready for fertilization may serve as a signal inducing flower senescence observed in the next few days. Based on embryological analyses and hormone profiles in flowers, we conclude that cv. ‘Panda’ is more sensitive to thermal stress than strain PA15, mainly due to a much earlier response to thermal stress involving impairment of embryological processes already in the flower buds.

Yield formation in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kalinová ◽  
J. Moudrý ◽  
V Čurn
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Yield Formation

Seven varieties of common buckwheat were tested in field experiments under two levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0 and 50 kg N ha-1) during the period 1998-2000. The objective of the experiments was to evaluate the influence of varieties, fertilisation andyear on the formation of yield components in common buckwheat and to evaluate the relationships between the individual components. As was observed, a compensatory ability exists among the particular yield components. An increase in stand density reduces branching and the number of inflorescences per plant. The number of flowers in the raceme is influenced by the mean day temperature during the period from flower bud formation to the beginning of flowering (r = -0.98, P < 0.01). Rainfall during flowering negatively influenced the number of achenes per plant. The high number of flowers reduced seed setting and negatively influenced the yield due to competition for assimilates. The high number of achenes per plant was linked to lower weight (r = -0.33, P < 0.05). The occurrence of empty achenes was a result of the susceptibility of the plants to the temperature conditions during the achene maturation period (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). The main yield component determining the yield was the number of fully developed achenes per plant.

scholarly journals Breeding Buckwheat for Increased Levels and Improved Quality of Protein

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Zlata Luthar ◽  
Meiliang Zhou ◽  
Aleksandra Golob ◽  
Mateja Germ
Keyword(s):  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Protein Rich

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) and common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) are important sources of proteins with balanced amino-acid compositions, and thus of high nutritional value. The polyphenols naturally present in Tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat lower the true digestibility of the proteins. Digestion-resistant peptides are a vehicle for fecal excretion of steroids, and in this way, for bile acid elimination and reduction of cholesterol concentrations in serum. Buckwheat proteins are more effective compared to soy proteins for the prevention of gallstone formation. Tartary and common buckwheat grain that contains appropriate amounts of selenium-containing amino acids can be produced as functional food products. The protein-rich by-products of buckwheat are a good source of bioactive substances that can suppress colon carcinogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. The grain embryo is a rich source of proteins, so breeding buckwheat with larger embryos is a possible strategy to increase protein levels in Tartary and common buckwheat grain. However, chemical analysis of the grain is the most relevant criterion for assessing grain protein levels and quality.

scholarly journals Flavonoid concentration in milling fractions of Tartary and common buckwheat

Fagopyrum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Blanka Vombergar ◽  
Vida Škrabanja ◽  
Mateja Germ
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) samples were used in milling, sieving and analysing experiments. Flavonoids were analysed in buckwheat samples, in milling and sieving fractions and after the contact of flour particles with water, to simulate conditions in dough. In Tartary buckwheat, there was even more than 100-times higher content of flavonoids flour in comparison to respective fractions of common buckwheat flour. The highest concentration of flavonoids in milling fractions of Tartary buckwheat flour (granulation over 100 |im up to including 1000 |im) was established as 3.5-4.5% flavonoids/DM. Immediately after the direct contact of flour particles of common and Tartary buckwheat with water the apparent concentration of flavonoids rose (even for 100% or more) in the first 5-30 minutes of contact. After one hour, due to the degradation of flavonoids, their concentration decreased. Concentration of flavonoids are after 24 hours of contact of flavonoids with water in all milling fractions lower in comparison to the value after first 5 minutes of contact with water.

scholarly journals Economic and biological assessment of Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. А. Вільчинська ◽  
Т. М. Хоменко ◽  
О. В. Ночвіна
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
The Common

Purpose. To evaluate Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ according to morphological, productive and quality indicators in the conditions of the Research Center “State Agra­rian and Engineering University in Podilia”. Methods. The studies were carried out in the field crop rotation of the Research Center “Podillia” of the State Agrarian and Engi­neering University in Podilia (SAEU) in 2015–2020. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented mainly by low-humus, weakly leached soils. Experiment setting, material evaluation, analysis of plants, yield and grain quality were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of state variety testing. An assessment of the Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ was carried out in comparison with the common buckwheat variety ‘Victoriia’. Results. The growing season duration of Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ was 87 days (38 days vegetative and 49 days gene­rative). In the studied variety, a larger number of the 1st order branches up to 5.5 pcs was observed. The number of leaves on the plant was 22–28 pcs./plants. In the studied variety, more than 50% of the grains were located on the main stem and the first order branches, while in common buckwheat this indicator was only 30%. Productivity was 2,28 t/ha, the number of grains in inflorescences was 4,4 grains, in common buckwheat – 0,72 t/ha, and 2.2 grains/inflorescence, respectively. The thousand kernel weight in Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ is 10.2 g less than in common buckwheat variety ‘Victoriia’ and is 17.4 g, with hulls – 19.5%, which is 3.2% less then in common buckwheat variety.Assessment of Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ for resistance to the effects of bio- and abiotic factors indicates that it was at the level of common buckwheat variety ‘Victoriia’.In terms of resistance to abiotic factors, ‘Kalyna’ variety is characterized by high resistance to spontaneous fallof grain (5 scores) and has simultaneous grain ripening (5 scores). Conclusions.The morphological and economic-biological indicators of Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ are significantly higher than the common buckwheat varie­ty ‘Victoriia’. It is recommended to grow Tartary buckwheat variety ‘Kalyna’ as a valuable cereal crop in the Western Forest-Steppe zone.

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