scholarly journals Cave Rock Surface Temperature Evaluation Using Non-Contact Measurement Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Středová ◽  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Miroslav Vysoudil
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Contact Measurement

scholarly journals Rock Emissivity Measurement for Infrared Thermography Engineering Geological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Simone Mineo ◽  
Giovanna Pappalardo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Emissivity Measurement ◽  
Laboratory Tool ◽  
Non Destructive

Infrared thermography is a growing technology in the engineering geological field both for the remote survey of rock masses and as a laboratory tool for the non-destructive characterization of intact rock. In this latter case, its utility can be found either from a qualitative point of view, highlighting thermal contrasts on the rock surface, or from a quantitative point of view, involving the study of the surface temperature variations. Since the surface temperature of an object is proportional to its emissivity, the knowledge of this last value is crucial for the correct calibration of the instrument and for the achievement of reliable thermal outcomes. Although rock emissivity can be measured according to specific procedures, there is not always the time or possibility to carry out such measurements. Therefore, referring to reliable literature values is useful. In this frame, this paper aims at providing reference emissivity values belonging to 15 rock types among sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic categories, which underwent laboratory emissivity estimation by employing a high-sensitivity thermal camera. The results show that rocks can be defined as “emitters”, with emissivity generally ranging from 0.89 to 0.99. Such variability arises from both their intrinsic properties, such as the presence of pores and the different thermal behavior of minerals, and the surface conditions, such as polishing treatments for ornamental stones. The resulting emissivity values are reported and commented on herein for each different studied lithology, thus providing not only a reference dataset for practical use, but also laying the foundation for further scientific studies, also aimed at widening the rock aspects to investigate through IRT.

scholarly journals Estimating Sea Surface Temperature Measurement Methods Using Characteristic Differences in the Diurnal Cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Carella ◽  
J. J. Kennedy ◽  
D. I. Berry ◽  
S. Hirahara ◽  
C. J. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Temperature Measurement

scholarly journals Surface temperatures and their influence on the permafrost thermal regime in high-Arctic rock walls on Svalbard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491-2509
Author(s):  
Juditha Undine Schmidt ◽  
Bernd Etzelmüller ◽  
Thomas Vikhamar Schuler ◽  
Florence Magnin ◽  
Julia Boike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Rock Wall ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Abstract. Permafrost degradation in steep rock walls and associated slope destabilization have been studied increasingly in recent years. While most studies focus on mountainous and sub-Arctic regions, the occurring thermo-mechanical processes also play an important role in the high Arctic. A more precise understanding is required to assess the risk of natural hazards enhanced by permafrost warming in high-Arctic rock walls. This study presents one of the first comprehensive datasets of rock surface temperature measurements of steep rock walls in the high Arctic, comparing coastal and near-coastal settings. We applied the surface energy balance model CryoGrid 3 for evaluation, including adjusted radiative forcing to account for vertical rock walls. Our measurements comprise 4 years of rock surface temperature data from summer 2016 to summer 2020. Mean annual rock surface temperatures ranged from −0.6 in a coastal rock wall in 2017/18 to −4.3 ∘C in a near-coastal rock wall in 2019/20. Our measurements and model results indicate that rock surface temperatures at coastal cliffs are up to 1.5 ∘C higher than at near-coastal rock walls when the fjord is ice-free in winter, resulting from additional energy input due to higher air temperatures at the coast and radiative warming by relatively warm seawater. An ice layer on the fjord counteracts this effect, leading to similar rock surface temperatures to those in near-coastal settings. Our results include a simulated surface energy balance with shortwave radiation as the dominant energy source during spring and summer with net average seasonal values of up to 100 W m−2 and longwave radiation being the main energy loss with net seasonal averages between 16 and 39 W m−2. While sensible heat fluxes can both warm and cool the surface, latent heat fluxes are mostly insignificant. Simulations for future climate conditions result in a warming of rock surface temperatures and a deepening of active layer thickness for both coastal and near-coastal rock walls. Our field data present a unique dataset of rock surface temperatures in steep high-Arctic rock walls, while our model can contribute towards the understanding of factors influencing coastal and near-coastal settings and the associated surface energy balance.

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