scholarly journals Discriminatory price auctions with resale and optimal quantity caps

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Brian Baisa ◽  
Justin Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Discriminatory Price ◽  
Price Auction ◽  
Optimal Quantity

We present a model of a discriminatory price auction in which a large bidder competes against many small bidders, followed by a post‐auction resale stage in which the large bidder is endogenously determined to be a buyer or a seller. We extend results on first‐price auctions with resale to this setting and use these results to give a tractable characterization of equilibrium behavior. We use this characterization to study the policy of capping the amount that may be won by large bidders in the auction, a policy that has received little attention in the auction literature. Our analysis shows that the trade‐offs involved when adjusting these quantity caps can be understood in terms familiar to students of asymmetric first‐price single‐unit auctions. Furthermore, whether one seeks to maximize welfare or revenue can have contradictory implications for the choice of cap.

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

scholarly journals Axiomatization and Measurement of Quasi-Hyperbolic Discounting *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1449-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Montiel Olea ◽  
Tomasz Strzalecki
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Partial Identification ◽  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Identification Approach ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This article provides an axiomatic characterization of quasi-hyperbolic discounting and a more general class of semi-hyperbolic preferences. We impose consistency restrictions directly on the intertemporal trade-offs by relying on what we call “annuity compensations.” Our axiomatization leads naturally to an experimental design that disentangles discounting from the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. In a pilot experiment we use the partial identification approach to estimate bounds for the distributions of discount factors in the subject pool. Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence for both present and future bias.

An Inexpensive, Portable Machine to Facilitate Testing and Characterization of the Friction Stir Blind Riveting Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zachary Trimble ◽  
Brennan Yammamoto ◽  
Jingjing Li
Keyword(s):  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Riveting Process

The expanding use of materials that are difficult to join with traditional techniques drives an urgent need, in a wide array of industries, to develop and characterize production capable joining processes. Friction stir blind riveting (FSBR) is such a process. However, full adoption of FSBR requires more complete characterization of the process. The relatively inexpensive, portable FSBR machine discussed here facilitates in situ X-ray imaging of the FSBR process, which will enhance the ability of researchers to understand and improve the FSBR process. Real-time, unobstructed, angular X-ray access drives the functional requirements and design considerations of the machine. The acute angular access provided by the machine necessitates tradeoffs in stiffness and Abbe errors. An error budget quantifies the effect of the various trade-offs on likely sensitive directions and relationships. Additionally, the machine motivates more test parameters important to machine designers (e.g., parallelism and runout) that have not yet been explored in the literature. Ultimately, a machine has been developed, which has a single rotational axis that translates parallel to the rotational axis, can be built for under $12,000, has a mass of less than 110 kg, measures 915 mm × 254 mm × 624 mm, has a rotational speed range of 400–8000 RPM, has a feed rate range of 0.1–200 mm/min, can be installed on most test benches, has total rivet runout of 0.1 mm, has plunge and rotational axis parallelism of less than 0.1 deg, and has a plunge axis repeatability of better than 2  μ m over a 10 mm range.

scholarly journals The role of fire in UK peatland and moorland management: the need for informed, unbiased debate

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1696) ◽  
pp. 20150342 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Matt Davies ◽  
Nicholas Kettridge ◽  
Cathelijne R. Stoof ◽  
Alan Gray ◽  
Davide Ascoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Fire has been used for centuries to generate and manage some of the UK's cultural landscapes. Despite its complex role in the ecology of UK peatlands and moorlands, there has been a trend of simplifying the narrative around burning to present it as an only ecologically damaging practice. That fire modifies peatland characteristics at a range of scales is clearly understood. Whether these changes are perceived as positive or negative depends upon how trade-offs are made between ecosystem services and the spatial and temporal scales of concern. Here we explore the complex interactions and trade-offs in peatland fire management, evaluating the benefits and costs of managed fire as they are currently understood. We highlight the need for (i) distinguishing between the impacts of fires occurring with differing severity and frequency, and (ii) improved characterization of ecosystem health that incorporates the response and recovery of peatlands to fire. We also explore how recent research has been contextualized within both scientific publications and the wider media and how this can influence non-specialist perceptions. We emphasize the need for an informed, unbiased debate on fire as an ecological management tool that is separated from other aspects of moorland management and from political and economic opinions. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.

scholarly journals Reversible Markov processes on general spaces and spatial migration processes

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-818
Author(s):  
Richard F. Serfozo
Keyword(s):  
Jump Processes ◽  
Markov Jump ◽  
Time Reversibility ◽  
Equilibrium Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Markov Jump Processes ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
Measure Spaces ◽  
Kolmogorov Criterion

In this study, we characterize the equilibrium behavior of spatial migration processes that represent population migrations, or birth-death processes, in general spaces. These processes are reversible Markov jump processes on measure spaces. As a precursor, we present fundamental properties of reversible Markov jump processes on general spaces. A major result is a canonical formula for the stationary distribution of a reversible process. This involves the characterization of two-way communication in transitions, using certain Radon-Nikodým derivatives. Other results concern a Kolmogorov criterion for reversibility, time reversibility, and several methods of constructing or identifying reversible processes.

scholarly journals State Space Characterization of Disjunctive Single-Unit Resource Allocation Systems

IEEE Access ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51515-51527
Author(s):  
Oussama Karoui ◽  
Mohamed Khalgui ◽  
Yufeng Chen ◽  
Naiqi Wu ◽  
Ateekh-Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
State Space ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Resource Allocation Systems ◽  
Space Characterization

Introducing a “core steel microbiome” and community functional analysis associated with microbially influenced corrosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody E Garrison ◽  
Erin K Field
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Core ◽  
Microbially Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Secondary Factor ◽  
Steel Surfaces

ABSTRACT Microorganisms attached to aquatic steel structures play key roles in nutrient cycling and structural degradation processes. Corrosion-causing microbes are often the focus of studies involving microbially influenced corrosion, yet the roles of remaining community members remain unclear. This study characterizes the composition and functional potential of a ‘core steel microbiome’ across stainless steel types (304 and 316) and historic shipwreck steel along salinity gradients in North Carolina estuaries. We found higher phylogenetic evenness and diversity on steel surfaces compared to sediment, and at lower salinities. The core steel microbiome was composed of heterotrophic generalist taxa, and community composition was most strongly influenced by salinity. Substrate type was a secondary factor becoming more influential at higher salinities. The core steel microbiome included members of Sphingobacteriia, Cytophagia, Anaerolineaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Rheinheimera. While salinity differences led to phylogenetic separations across microbial community assemblages, functional genes were conserved across salinity and steel type. Generalist taxa on steel surfaces likely provide functional stability and biofilm protection for the community with limited functional trade-offs compared to surrounding environments. Further, characterization of a core steel microbiome increases the understanding of these complex steel surface microbial communities and their similarities to core microbiomes in other environments.

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