scholarly journals The Speed of Innovation Diffusion in Social Networks

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-594
Author(s):  
Itai Arieli ◽  
Yakov Babichenko ◽  
Ron Peretz ◽  
H. Peyton Young
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Arbitrary Size ◽  
The Status ◽  
Expected Waiting Time ◽  
Regular Networks

New ways of doing things often get started through the actions of a few innovators, then diffuse rapidly as more and more people come into contact with prior adopters in their social network. Much of the literature focuses on the speed of diffusion as a function of the network topology. In practice, the topology may not be known with any precision, and it is constantly in flux as links are formed and severed. Here, we establish an upper bound on the expected waiting time until a given proportion of the population has adopted that holds independently of the network structure. Kreindler and Young (2014) demonstrated such a bound for regular networks when agents choose between two options: the innovation and the status quo. Our bound holds for directed and undirected networks of arbitrary size and degree distribution, and for multiple competing innovations with different payoffs.

scholarly journals Challenging the Status Quo through Social Influence: Changes in Sustainable Consumption through the Influence of Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5513
Author(s):  
Iljana Schubert ◽  
Judith I. M. de Groot ◽  
Adrian C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Consumption Choices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Consumption Practices

This study examines the influence of social network members (versus strangers) on sustainable food consumption choices to investigate how social influence can challenge the status quo in unsustainable consumption practices. We hypothesized that changes to individual consumption practices could be achieved by revealing ‘invisible’ descriptive and injunctive social norms. We further hypothesized that it matters who reveals these norms, meaning that social network members expressing their norms will have a stronger influence on other’s consumption choices than if these norms are expressed by strangers. We tested these hypotheses in a field experiment (N = 134), where participants discussed previous sustainable food consumption (revealing descriptive norms) and its importance (revealing injunctive norms) with either a stranger or social network member. We measured actual sustainable food consumption through the extent to which participants chose organic over non-organic consumables during the debrief. Findings showed that revealed injunctive norms significantly influenced food consumption, more so than revealed descriptive norms. We also found that this influence was stronger for social network members compared to strangers. Implications and further research directions in relation to how social networks can be used to evoke sustainable social change are discussed.

Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network

2011 ◽  
pp. 292-302
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn ◽  
Katarzyna Musial
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

Network motifs are small subgraphs that reflect local network topology and were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this work the motif analysis of the e-mail network of the Wroclaw University of Technology, consisting of over 4000 nodes was conducted. Temporal changes in the network structure during the period of 20 months were analysed and the correlations between global structural parameters of the network and motif distribution were found. These results are to be used in the development of methods dedicated for fast estimating of the properties of complex internet-based social networks.

scholarly journals Fair Kidney Allocation Based on Waiting Time

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hild
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Cadaveric Donor ◽  
The Status

AbstractWe study the allocation of cadaveric donor kidneys for transplantation based merely on waiting time. This simple allocation rule turns out to possess very attractive ethical and medical properties. Current allocation rules, on the other hand, violate some basic requirements of distributive justice. Perhaps for fear of exacerbating these problems, these rules also fail to consider criteria such as sex, age and race although certain combinations of these criteria are known to affect graft survival rates. We demonstrate that allocation by waiting time automatically protects disadvantaged patient types and puts them in a near to optimal position. The inclusion of sex, age and race will therefore not lead to morally unacceptable allocations. This allows individual patients to improve the expected survival time of their graft relative to the status quo without being penalized by the allocation rule. Moreover, decisions ab out when to start compromising on expected graft survival rates in favour of shorter waiting times are made locally by patients and their medical advisers rather than by a centralized protocol.

scholarly journals Defending the status quo across venues and coalitions: evidence from California interest groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Varone ◽  
Karin Ingold ◽  
Charlotte Jourdain
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Network Position ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Network

AbstractThis study investigates the conditions under which pro-status quo groups increase their advocacy success during an entire policymaking process. It scrutinises whether pro-status quo defenders who are involved in multiple institutional venues and who join many coalitions of interest groups are able to achieve their policy preferences. A case study focussing on the regulation of stem cell research in California traces the policymaking process and the related advocacy activities of interest groups in legislative, administrative, judicial and direct democratic venues. The empirical results, which are based on a formal social network analysis, reveal that very few groups are multivenue players and members of several coalitions. In addition, occupying a central network position is insufficient for the pro-status quo groups to improve their advocacy success.

Survey of Emotion Influence in Image Social Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Y. Helan Mettilda ◽  
R. Anbuselvi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status

Psychological theories propose that emotion represents the status of mind and natural responses of one’s cognitive system. Emotions are a difficult state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that power our actions. In this paper, we study an interesting problem of emotion infection in social networks.  In this paper, we study a different interesting problem of emotion influence in social networks. In particular, by employing an image social network as the basis of our study, we try to unveil how users’ emotional statuses influence each other and how users’ positions in the social network affect their influential strength on emotion in different papers.  We also find out several interesting phenomena. For example, the possibility that a user feels happy is about linear to the number of friends who are also happy; but taking a nearer look, the pleasure chance is super linear to the number of happy friends who act as opinion leaders in the network and sub linear in the number of happy friends who span structural holes. This offers a new chance to understand the basic mechanism of emotional contagion in online social networks.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration and Search of Social Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lianming Zhang ◽  
Aoyuan Peng ◽  
Jianping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Hybrid Search ◽  
The Social ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Regular Networks ◽  
High Degree

Social networks tend to exhibit some topological characteristics different from regular networks and random networks, such as shorter average path length and higher clustering coefficient, and the node degree of the majority of social networks obeys exponential distribution. Based on the topological characteristics of the real social networks, a new network model which suits to portray the structure of social networks was proposed, and the characteristic parameters of the model were calculated. To find out the relationship between two people in the social network, and using the local information of the social network and the parallel mechanism, a hybrid search strategy based onk-walker random and a high degree was proposed. Simulation results show that the strategy can significantly reduce the average number of search steps, so as to effectively improve the search speed and efficiency.

The conquest of vitalism or the eclipse of organicism? The 1930s Cambridge organizer project and the social network of mid-twentieth-century biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Theoretical Biology ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn the 1930s, two concepts excited the European biological community: the organizer phenomenon and organicism. This essay examines the history of and connection between these two phenomena in order to address the conventional ‘rise-and-fall’ narrative that historians have assigned to each. Scholars promoted the ‘rise-and-fall’ narrative in connection with a broader account of the devitalizing of biology through the twentieth century. I argue that while limited evidence exists for the ‘fall of the organizer concept’ by the 1950s, the organicism that often motivated the organizer work had no concomitant fall – even during the mid-century heyday of molecular biology. My argument is based on an examination of shifting social networks of life scientists from the 1920s to the 1970s, many of whom attended or corresponded with members of the Cambridge Theoretical Biology Club (1932–1938). I conclude that the status and cohesion of these social networks at the micro scale was at least as important as macro-scale conceptual factors in determining the relative persuasiveness of organicist philosophy.

scholarly journals Pivotal Relationship Identification: The K-Truss Minimization Problem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhu ◽  
Mengqi Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Np Hard ◽  
Truss Model ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Identification

In a social network, the strength of relationships between users can significantly affect the stability of the network. In this paper, we use the k-truss model to measure the stability of a social network. To identify critical connections, we propose a novel problem, named k-truss minimization. Given a social network G and a budget b, it aims to find b edges for deletion which can lead to the maximum number of edge breaks in the k-truss of G. We show that the problem is NP-hard. To accelerate the computation, novel pruning rules are developed to reduce the candidate size. In addition, we propose an upper bound based strategy to further reduce the searching space. Comprehensive experiments are conducted over real social networks to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

Motif Analysis and the Periodic Structural Changes in an Organizational Email-Based Social Network

2010 ◽  
pp. 1957-1968
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Juszczyszyn ◽  
Katarzyna Musial
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Network Motifs ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
E Mail

Network motifs are small subgraphs that reflect local network topology and were shown to be useful for creating profiles that reveal several properties of the network. In this work the motif analysis of the e-mail network of the Wroclaw University of Technology, consisting of over 4000 nodes was conducted. Temporal changes in the network structure during the period of 20 months were analysed and the correlations between global structural parameters of the network and motif distribution were found. These results are to be used in the development of methods dedicated for fast estimating of the properties of complex internet-based social networks

A Survey on Nepali Migrants in India: An Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Keshav Bashyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Employment Education

This article examines the status of Nepali migrants in Delhi-NCR, India. Due to open border, shorter distance and long-established social network, migration from Nepal to India has been unending. India has been an origin and destination country for large numbers of migrants. A treaty in 1950, between Nepal and India facilitates movement between Nepal and India. This paper analyzed the nature and pattern of migrants’ employment, education, social network, and causes of migration. Nevertheless, the improved income level, the condition of most of the migrant workers is deplorable, most of them are staying together in either poor rented houses or at slums with sharing rooms without proper provision of hygienic sanitation. Social networks are the major entry point for getting jobs, shelter and loans and for saving money. Nepali migrants in Delhi are working for basic survival rather than improvement in their living standards.

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