scholarly journals Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Factors Associated With Delays in Initiating Post-exposure Prophylaxis for Rabies Prevention Among Animal Bite Cases: A Population-based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firooz Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Abdolhalim Rajabi ◽  
Sajad Vahedi ◽  
Mohammad Shamsadiny ◽  
Mousa Ghelichi Ghojogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Delayed rabies post-exposure prophylaxis treatment among Dutch travelers during their stay abroad: a comprehensive analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes Verdoes ◽  
Floriana S Luppino ◽  
Jacco Wallinga ◽  
Leo G Visser
Keyword(s):  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Travel Destination ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Associated Injury ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Background After an animal-associated injury (AAI) in rabies-endemic regions, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is needed to prevent infection.1,3 PEP consist of rabies vaccinations (RV) and in some cases also additional rabies immune globulins (RIG). Not always PEP medication, and RIG in particular, is accessible. Along with an increased number of exposure notifications among Dutch travelers, this might lead to treatment delay, and thus to increased health risks. Until now, research mainly focused on factors associated with exposition, but none on which factors are associated with PEP delay. This study aimed to identify which general sample characteristics are associated with PEP delay while being abroad. Methods A quantitative retrospective observational study was conducted. The study population consisted of insured Dutch international travelers who actively contacted their medical assistance company (2015-2019) because of an animal-associated injury (AAI) (N = 691). The association between general sample characteristics and delay of different PEP treatments was studied using survival analysis. Results Travelers without PrEP had an increased hazard, and therefore a shorter delay, for receiving their first RV as compared to travelers with PrEP (HR:1.11, 95%CI:1.01-1.22). The travelers needing both RV and RIG had a decreased hazard, and therefore a longer delay, as compared to travelers only needing RV (HR:0.81, 95%CI:0.67-0.96). General sample characteristic associated with RIG administration delay was travel destination. Travelers to Central and South America, East Mediterranean and Europe had a decreased hazard, and therefore a longer delay, for receiving RIG treatments relative to travelers to South East Asia (HR:0.31, 95%CI:0.13-0.70; HR:0.34, 95%CI:0.19-0.61; HR:0.46, 95%CI:0.24-0.89; HR:0.48, 95%CI:0.12-0.81 respectively). Conclusions Our results suggest that the advice for PrEP should be given based travel destination, as these was found to be the main factor for PEP delay, among travelers going to rabies endemic countries.

CROSS- SECTIONAL STUDY OF ANIMAL BITE VICTIMS AND RABIES POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS UNDER NRCP (NATIONAL RABIES CONTROL PROGRAMME) AT A RURAL HOSPITAL OF NORTH 24 PARGANAS OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Chinmay Nandi ◽  
Saikat Bhattacharya ◽  
Soumitra Mondal ◽  
Shibasish Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Objectives -Rabies, an Endemic disease, is responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality in India. About 96% of the mortality and morbidity is associated with dog bites. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of animal bites and rabies post exposure prophylaxis under National Rabies Control Programme Methodology – It was a Record cross sectional study where complete enumeration of all animal bite victims were done. Total 2940 such cases were found in that year. Data of 42 cases was excluded due to incomplete records. Data was analysed using MS Excel. Animal Bite Exposure register under National Rabies Control Programme, Patient Treatment cards, Consolidated reports were evaluated as study tools. Results - Majority of the wounds were found in limbs in 2695 (93%) cases. It is followed by wound in other areas like face 104(3.6%) and back 95 (3.3%). In a few cases site of wound was not mentioned in the case record. Children were most commonly affected (28.2%).Cat -bite is most common (49.3%). Around 84.9% were Category II bite and rest are category III. Conclusion - Dogs and cats are mostly responsible of animal bites in this part of the country. There is need to control stray dogs .Children are found to be most vulnerable for animal bites. There is gap between eligible candidates for vaccine and those who actually received it both in Category II and III animal bite victims.

High time to prioritize rabies prevention—a new paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Steffen ◽  
Davidson H Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
High Time ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Rabies Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Almost 500 patients consulted a GeoSentinel clinic annually for post-exposure prophylaxis after a potential rabies exposure as compared to approximately 20 for hepatitis A and 40 for typhoid fever. Travellers’ response after potential rabies exposure is alarmingly inadequate. Thus, rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis should now become the #1 travel vaccine intervention.

scholarly journals Characteristics and factors associated with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment of dog and cat bites among left-behind children: a cross-sectional study in two cities of China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e024764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzhen Yan ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Wanbao Ye ◽  
Fuxiang Chen ◽  
Liping Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Rabies Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
To Receive

ObjectiveAnimal injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dog bites account for tens of millions of injuries annually and the highest risk is among children. However, children may not receive postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatment timely and appropriately after rabies exposure. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and factors associated with PEP treatment of dog and cat bites among left-behind children.DesignA cross-sectional study using questionnaire was conducted in primary and high schools.SettingShenzhen and Shantou cities, Guangdong Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 9380 participants were included and 2236 of them were with a history of dog and cat bites.Results1188 (53.1%) boys and 1048 (46.9%) girls suffered from animal bites. Bitten in holidays was less likely to receive PEP treatment (OR 0.512, 95% CI 0.377 to 0.695) than those bitten in school days. Bitten while being with family (OR 1.418, 95% CI 1.040 to 1.934) and bitten at roadside (OR 1.842, 95% CI 1.297 to 2.171), bitten by unvaccinated animals (OR 1.745, 95% CI 1.246 to 2.443) tended to receive PEP treatment. Compared with unbroken skin, bleeding (OR 1.789, 95% CI 1.165 to 2.745) and laceration (OR 3.834, 95% CI 2.310 to 6.366) were showed as treatment prompting factors.ConclusionsBitten in holidays was found as a risk factor of receiving PEP treatment of animal bites. Certain measures should be taken to raise left-behind children’s awareness of receiving PEP treatment timely and appropriately after dog and cat bites.

Challenges facing human rabies control: the Lebanese experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
pp. 1486-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BIZRI ◽  
A. ALAWIEH ◽  
N. GHOSN ◽  
A. BERRY ◽  
U. MUSHARRAFIEH
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

SUMMARYRabies is one of the most important zoonotic infections worldwide. The burden of the disease continues to be significant in countries in the Middle East where the most important vector is stray dogs. Control efforts are hindered by lack of awareness and incomplete post-exposure prophylaxis. The aim of this article is to re-assess the situation of rabies in Lebanon and compare it to other Middle Eastern countries. Eight cases of rabies and 5280 incidents of animal bites to humans were reported to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health between 2001 and 2012. Dogs were the only vector of infection and were responsible for most reported animal bites to humans. An average of 3·2 doses of vaccine per bite was administered as post-exposure prophylaxis. The status of human and canine rabies control, the risks associated with children's behaviour and the hazards of secondary wild reservoirs are discussed. Our data illustrates the importance of prevention through vector control, public awareness and education, and timely administration of active and passive immunization, as well as the significance of regional cooperation and monitoring the circulation of viral variants in wild animals.

Safety and Tolerability of Combination Antiretroviral Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in a Population-Based Setting

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
Paula Braitstein ◽  
Keith Chan ◽  
Ann Beardsell ◽  
Alistair McLeod ◽  
Julio S.G. Montaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis
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