scholarly journals Risk of Hemorrhage Attributed to Underlying Chronic Diseases and Uninterrupted Aspirin Therapy of Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Chanapong Rojanaworarit ◽  
Soontaree Limsawan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Oral Surgical Procedures ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage

Aspirin Therapy in Venous Malformation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Benefits, Side Effects, and Patient Experiences

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Nguyen ◽  
Marion A. Koerper ◽  
Christopher P. Hess ◽  
Christopher F. Dowd ◽  
William Y. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Aspirin Therapy

Self-reported beta-lactam allergy and the risk of surgical site infection: A retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Lam ◽  
Payam Tarighi ◽  
Marion Elligsen ◽  
Keith Gunaratne ◽  
Avery B. Nathens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjective:To assess whether a self-reported β-lactam allergy is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI) across a broad range of procedures and to determine whether this association is mediated by the receipt of an alternate antibiotic to cefazolin.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Participants:Surgical procedures sampled by an institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database over an 18-month period (January 2017 to June 2018) from 7 surgical specialties.Setting:Tertiary-care academic hospital.Results:Of the 3,589 surgical procedures included in the study, 369 (10.3%) were performed in patients with a reported β-lactam allergy. Those with a reported β-lactam allergy were significantly less likely to receive cefazolin (38.8% vs 95.5%) or metronidazole (20.3% vs 26.1%) and were more likely to receive clindamycin (52.0% vs 0.2%), gentamicin (3.5% vs 0%), or vancomycin (2.2% vs 0.1%) than those without allergy. An SSI occurred in 154 of 3,220 procedures (4.8%) in patients without reported allergy and 27 of 369 (7.3%) with reported allergy. In the multivariable regression model, a reported β-lactam allergy was associated with a statistically significant increase in SSI risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.51; P = .03). This effect was completely mediated by receipt of an alternate antibiotic to cefazolin (indirect effect aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.17–2.34; P = .005).Conclusions:Self-reported β-lactam allergy was associated with an increased SSI risk mediated through receipt of alternate antibiotic prophylaxis. Safely increasing use of cefazolin prophylaxis in patients with reported β-lactam allergy can potentially lower the risk of SSIs.

Weight gain and chronic disease progression among individuals incarcerated in Canadian federal penitentiaries: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Johnson ◽  
Iva Bien-Aimé ◽  
Lise Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Very little is known about how weight gain during incarceration influences the health of people living in Canadian federal penitentiaries. To fill this knowledge gap, this study aims to determine how the observed weight gain influenced the development of obesity-related chronic diseases during incarceration. Design/methodology/approach This retrospective cohort study examined the association between weight gain and obesity-related chronic diseases for 1,420 participants incarcerated in federal penitentiaries in Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. To participate, individuals had to be incarcerated for at least six months at the time of the study (2016–2017). Current anthropometric data were measured or taken from medical records, then compared to anthropometric data at the beginning of incarceration (mean follow-up of 5.0 years) to determine weight change (kg) and body mass index change (kg/m2) during incarceration. Then, information about obesity-related chronic diseases was drawn from the participants’ medical records. Findings Chi-square and nonparametric median comparison tests were performed to detect statistically significant changes in anthropometric data, to determine if a relationship was present. This study observed a significant association between weight gain and disease development for many types of obesity-related chronic diseases (e.g. cancer, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and sleep apnea). This confirmed an association between weight gain and chronic disease development in the prison population. Originality/value Participants who gained a significant amount of weight, during incarceration, were also more frequently diagnosed with obesity-related chronic diseases. These findings suggest that weight gain may contribute to the deterioration of peoples’ health during incarceration.

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