scholarly journals Scientific Evidence for the Addictiveness of Tobacco and Smoking Cessation in Tobacco Litigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungwon Roh
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Litigation

scholarly journals Duration of smoking cessation for the prevention of surgical wound healing complications

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vieira Cavichio ◽  
Daniele Alcalá Pompeo ◽  
Graziella Allana Serra Alves de Oliveira Oller ◽  
Lídia Aparecida Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Use Cessation

The study aimed to find scientific evidence about the duration of preoperative smoking cessation required to reduce surgical wound healing complications. An integrative review was performed in the databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), from 08/17/2012 to 09/17/2012, using the keywords: tobacco use cessation and wound healing; tobacco use cessation and preoperative period; tobacco use cessation and perioperative period (LILACS) and tobacco use cessation and perioperative period; tobacco use cessation and wound healing (MEDLINE). Out of the 81 eligible studies, 12 were included. The duration of smoking cessation needed to reduce healing complications was at least four weeks (four studies with level of evidence I, three studies with level of evidence II, two studies with level of evidence IV, and one study with level of evidence VII).

Quality Care in Survivorship: Lessons Learned From the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00290
Author(s):  
Charles L. Shapiro ◽  
Nicole Zubizarreta ◽  
Erin Moshier ◽  
Julia P. Brockway ◽  
John Mandeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Over Time

PURPOSE: The ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) project was established to evaluate the influence of guideline recommendations on routine clinical practice. METHODS: QOPI provided summary data from 839 unique practices in which data were collected every six months from the Fall of 2015 to the Spring of 2019. From these data, six items were chosen based on their relationship to domains of survivorship. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used to test for trends in QOPI measures adherence rates over time. The models were adjusted for the time period, region, practice-ownership, multispecialty site, fellowship program, and hospital type. RESULTS: Smoking cessation counseling recommended and smoking cessation counseling administered or referred both increased over time, 50%-61% (adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR), 1.028; 95% CI, 1.016 to 1.040; P < .001) and 34%-49% (adjusted IRR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.035 to 1.070; P < .001), respectively. Infertility risks discussed before chemotherapy increased from 36% to 53% (adjusted IRR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.035 to 1.078; P < .001) and fertility options discussed or referred to specialists increased from 23% to 38% (adjusted IRR, 1.074; 95% CI, 1.046 to 1.102; P < .001). Twenty-nine percent documented a positron emission tomography, computed tomography, or bone scan within the first 12 months for women diagnosed with early breast cancer treated for curative intent (adjusted IRR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.977 to 1.024; P = .971). Tumor marker surveillance within 12 months increased from 78% to 87% (adjusted IRR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.033; P = .023). CONCLUSION: As scientific evidence to guide cancer survivorship care grows, the role of guideline recommendations permeating clinical practice using quality metrics will become increasingly important.

scholarly journals Psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thyego Mychell Moreira-Santos ◽  
Irma Godoy ◽  
Ilda de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research

Among all causes of preventable deaths, smoking is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide and predisposes to fatal, noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes are effective in the treatment of patients with smoking-related diseases and assist in the prevention of premature mortality. Our objective was to investigate the available scientific evidence regarding the psychological distress related to smoking cessation in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. To that end, we conducted an integrative review of the literature in order to summarize relevant studies on this topic. The selected databases were Scopus, PubMed Central, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (Core Collection), ScienceDirect, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS e PsycINFO. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted for this study, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Those studies showed that the prevalence of psychological distress is higher among smokers than among nonsmokers, and distress-related symptoms are much more common in smokers with acute myocardial infarction than in those without. Smoking cessation depends on the active participation of the smoker, whose major motivation is the underlying disease. Most studies have shown that there is a need to create treatment subgroups as a means of improving the treatment provided. This review article expands the knowledge regarding smoking cessation and shows the need to invest in future research that investigates subgroups of smokers diagnosed with the major smoking-related comorbidities, such as acute myocardial infarction, in order to develop specific interventions and psychological support strategies.

scholarly journals A dohányzásleszokás-támogatás első vonalbeli gyógyszeres terápiájának aktualitásai

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (40) ◽  
pp. 1610-1618
Author(s):  
Jezdancher Watti ◽  
András Mohos ◽  
Oguz Kelemen ◽  
Dávid Pócs
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Medical Specialties

Összefoglaló. A dohányzás jelenleg is az egyik legjelentősebb népegészségügyi probléma hazánkban. Az orvosi szakterületek többségében előkerül a dohányzásleszokás-támogatás kérdése. Ezért az orvostársadalom számára az aktuális gyógyszeres terápiás ismeretek összefoglalása hasznos lehet. A jelen közleményben a leszokástámogatás elsődlegesen választandó gyógyszeres terápiáját tekintjük át a legújabb összefoglalók és irányelvek szerint. A gyógyszeres lehetőségek közül jelenleg a vareniklin és a nikotinpótló terápia választandó elsőként, nemcsak a leszokás, hanem az ártalomcsökkentés tekintetében is. A legújabb kutatási eredmények szerint a kis dózisú vareniklin hatékonysága megközelíti a standard adagolás hatékonyságát, ugyanakkor kevesebb mellékhatás jelentkezik. A nikotinpótló kezeléssel kapcsolatban ki kell emelni, hogy egyre több tudományos evidencia áll a transdermalis és oralis készítmények kombinálása mellett, szemben a monoterápiával. A kis dózisú vareniklin, illetve a nikotinpótló terápia akkor is segítséget nyújt a naponta elszívott cigaretták mérséklésében, ha a kliens nem kíván leszokni, de a dohányzás ártalmait csökkentené. A nikotinerg rendszeren kívül más módon ható gyógyszerek szerepe is felmerült. Egyre több összefoglaló támogatja az antidepresszívumok használatát a nikotinfüggőség kezelésében. Ezek közül a bupropion használatával kapcsolatban van a legtöbb adat, amelyről tudjuk, hogy kombinálható a nikotinpótló terápiával és a vareniklinnel is. A gyógyszeres terápiát minden esetben tanácsos magatartásorvoslási módszerekkel, illetve adherenciát fokozó intervenciókkal kombinálni. Ezenkívül a szakellátási szint bevonása is javasolt, hogy a lehető legtöbb segítséget kapja meg a páciens a leszokáshoz. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1610–1618. Summary. Smoking is still one of the most significant public health problems in Hungary. The issue of smoking cessation support comes up in most medical specialties. Therefore, a summary of the current pharmacotherapeutic knowledge may prove useful to the medical community. In this paper, we review the first-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation based on the latest summaries and guidelines. Regarding the smoking cessation agents, varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy are currently the primary choice, not only in terms of cessation but also in terms of harm reduction. The results of previous studies suggest that the efficacy of low dose varenicline is close to that of standard dosing, with fewer side effects. With regard to nicotine replacement therapy, it should be emphasized that there is an increasing scientific evidence for the combination of transdermal and oral formulations as opposed to monotherapy. Low dose varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy also help reduce the number of cigarettes smoked daily if the client does not want to quit but would reduce the harms of smoking. The role of medications acting in other ways than the nicotinergic system has also emerged. An increasing number of reviews support the use of antidepressants in the treatment of nicotine addiction. Of these, most data are available on the use of bupropion, which is known to be combined with nicotine replacement therapy and varenicline. In all cases, it is advisable to combine pharmacotherapy with behavioral therapy as well as interventions that increase adherence. In addition, it is also recommended to include specific therapeutic interventions in order to get as much help as possible for the patient to quit smoking. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(40): 1610–1618.

scholarly journals Az elektronikus cigarettáról meglévő ismeretek összefoglalása

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (25) ◽  
pp. 979-986
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Cselkó ◽  
Melinda Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
New Form

The decreasing proportion of smokers due to smoking restrictions have led producers to invent and disseminate electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) worldwide as a new form of nicotine enjoyment. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about e-cigarettes based on publications of PubMed, and on reviews and research data published by national and international scientific institutions. Present knowledge about the composition of e-cigarettes confirms that they are harmful products since their vapor is equally detrimental to the health of users and bystanders. Their benefits in smoking cessation still have not been justified by adequate scientific evidence, however, it has been proven that e-cigarettes uphold nicotine addiction and may increase the risk of starting conventional cigarette use by youth. In order to ensure the results of tobacco control policy and to assist smoking cessation, the same regulations are to be applied to e-cigarettes as to conventional tobacco products. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(25), 979–986.

scholarly journals The effect of biofeedback on smoking cessation—a systematic short review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Keilani ◽  
Margarete Steiner ◽  
Richard Crevenna
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Positive Effects

Summary Purpose The aim of this systematic review was to focus on the effect of biofeedback on smoking cessation. Material and methods This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed original articles including biofeedback and/or neurofeedback training as an intervention for smoking cessation were included. The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were screened for trials published up to July 2021. The effects on smoking rates and smoking behavior, and biofeedback/neurofeedback training measures are summarized here. Results In total, three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The total Downs and Black checklist scores ranged from 11 to 23 points, showing that the articles were of poor to good methodological quality. The included studies were heterogeneous, both in terms of treatment protocols and in terms of outcome parameters. Pooling of data for a meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, we were limited to describing the included studies. The included biofeedback study demonstrated that skin temperature training might improve the patients’ ability to raise their skin temperature aiming at stress alleviation. All three studies reported positive effects of biofeedback/neurofeedback in supporting smokers to quit. Furthermore, individualized electroencephalography neurofeedback training showed promising results in one study in modulating craving-related responses. Conclusion The results of the present review suggest that biofeedback/neurofeedback training might facilitate smoking cessation by changing behavioral outcomes. Although the investigated studies contained heterogeneous methodologies, they showed interesting approaches that could be further investigated and elaborated. To improve the scientific evidence, prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate biofeedback/neurofeedback in clinical settings for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Motiverande samtal och vetenskaplig evidens för effekt – en systematisk litteratursammanställning baserad på metaanalyser

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Larsson Tholén
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Meta Analyses

Motivational Interviewing and scientific evidence for its effects – a systematic litera- ture review based on meta-analyses The present study reviews the scientific evidence on the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing in relation to improved health for individuals. Based on meta-analyses of original studies with a controlled design, a systematic literature review was carried out. Searches were conducted in 19 databases and covered literature published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between the years 1980 and 2013. Further criteria for inclusion were that Motivational Interviewing con- stituted the main intervention, that the effect was evaluated, and that the audience was adults. Ten meta-analyses of treatment were included. Compared to weak treatment or no treatment the results gave support for Motivational Interviewing as a more effective intervention in the pro- blem areas of alcohol, drug addiction, smoking cessation, HIV-risk behaviour, gambling, diet and exercise, treatment adherence, water purification/safety, parenting practices and willingness/ intention to change. Albeit more limited, the results also provided evidence that Motivational interviewing is more effective than other active treatments regarding the areas of alcohol, smoking cessation, HIV-risk behaviour, gambling, diet and exercise, and water safety. As regards eating disorders, intimate relationships/couples, well-being and ability to change, the results showed no support for Motivational interviewing being a more effective intervention than either of the alter- natives strong, weak, or no intervention. The results of the present study thereby corroborate that Motivational Interviewing has effects regarding alcohol use, smoking cessation, HIV-risk beha- viour, gambling, eating habits and physical activity, as well as water purification/safety. 

scholarly journals Lung cancer screening: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Luigi Piovano ◽  
Federica Grosso ◽  
Gianmauro Numico ◽  
Antonio Maconi ◽  
Biagio Polla
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Real World ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives: Critical analysis of Literature on Lung Cancer Screening, synthesis and balance between scientific evidence and real world applicability. Methodology: selection of the most relevant clinical trials on the topic. Results: the most representative and positive studies (NLST, NELSON and MILD) have been examined and discussed, pointing out their limits and unsolved issues. Conclusion: despite clear statistically positive and encouraging results, many concerns still remain about routine implementation in the real world, mainly on the costs, the need for expert and trained dedicated radiologists and technicians, the theorical advantage of shifting resources to smoking cessation programs, the possible next integration of new biological and genetic diagnostic tools.

Dental students' attitudes toward smoking cessation guidelines

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Yip ◽  
JL Hay ◽  
JS Ostroff ◽  
RK Stewart ◽  
GD Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Smoking
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