First Description of The Stem Gall of Rhopalomyia baccharis Felt, 1908 (Diptera: Cecidmyiidae), on Baccharis pilularis De Candolle (Asteraceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Russo
Keyword(s):  
Baccharis Pilularis ◽  
Stem Gall

scholarly journals Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria Are Associated with Cranberry Stem Gall

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1164-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Vasanthakumar ◽  
Patricia S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cranberry stem gall is characterized by tumors that girdle stems, thereby killing all distal leaves, flowers, and fruit. Among bacteria isolated from galls, all 11 isolates that were identified as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae caused galls on 50 to 100% of micropropagated cranberry plants that were inoculated. Four of fifteen isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. caused galls on 10 to 83% of plants inoculated. Twelve of fifteen isolates identified as either Agrobacterium spp. or Rhizobium spp. caused galls on 10 to 50% of plants inoculated, but the galls were smaller than those caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas spp. There was a positive correlation between the ability of bacteria to produce IAA in vitro and cause galls. In 2002 and 2003, bacteria were isolated from plant and soil samples collected from beds where stem gall had been observed in the past 2 years and beds where stem gall had never been observed. IAA-producing bacteria were common in all samples, although trends were different across years. The results of this study support the hypothesis that IAA-producing bacteria cause cranberry stem gall and suggest that rather than one bacterial species being the cause, multiple strains of bacteria that produce IAA may be responsible for gall formation.

Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Baccharis Pilularis

Abstract A datasheet on Baccharis pilularis covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.

scholarly journals Mixed Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Possible Interaction Mechanisms between Zizania latifolia and Ustilago esculenta Inducing Jiaobai Stem-Gall Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12258
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ping Zhang ◽  
Si-Xiao Song ◽  
Yan-Cheng Liu ◽  
Xin-Rui Zhu ◽  
Yi-Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Ustilago Esculenta

The smut fungus Ustilago esculenta infects Zizania latifolia and induces stem expansion to form a unique vegetable named Jiaobai. Although previous studies have demonstrated that hormonal control is essential for triggering stem swelling, the role of hormones synthesized by Z. latifolia and U. esculenta and the underlying molecular mechanism are not yet clear. To study the mechanism that triggers swollen stem formation, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of both interacting organisms during the initial trigger of culm gall formation, at which time the infective hyphae also propagated extensively and penetrated host stem cells. Transcriptional analysis indicated that abundant genes involving fungal pathogenicity and plant resistance were reprogrammed to maintain the subtle balance between the parasite and host. In addition, the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis of U. esculenta obviously decreased during stem swelling, while a large number of genes related to the synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction of hormones of the host plant were stimulated and showed specific expression patterns, particularly, the expression of ZlYUCCA9 (a flavin monooxygenase, the key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway) increased significantly. Simultaneously, the content of IAA increased significantly, while the contents of cytokinin and gibberellin showed the opposite trend. We speculated that auxin produced by the host plant, rather than the fungus, triggers stem swelling. Furthermore, from the differently expressed genes, two candidate Cys2-His2 (C2H2) zinc finger proteins, GME3058_g and GME5963_g, were identified from U. esculenta, which may conduct fungus growth and infection at the initial stage of stem-gall formation.

First report of stem gall in papaya caused by Pantoea dispersa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. M. Ajith ◽  
P. P. Stella Doncy ◽  
P. Gautam Ajith ◽  
P. P. Rajeshkumar ◽  
Deepu Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Report ◽  
Pantoea Dispersa ◽  
Stem Gall

scholarly journals Studies on the Gall Characteristics of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Chestnut Genotypes in Yalova and Bursa Provinces of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet S. GENÇER ◽  
Cevriye MERT
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a global pest of chestnut (Castanea spp.). It has been spreading in Turkey’s forests and orchards since 2014. This pest imposes a big threat to the Turkish chestnut industry, which is among the top producers in the world. Its gall morphology has been related to pest pressure and host cultivar, thus eventually modulating plant damage with heavy impact on growth and fruit production. We compared gall characters (position on plant organ, ratios, dimensions, volumes, number of larval chambers) in wild Castanea sativa, two local cultivars and a Euro Japanese hybrid. Overall, leaf galls were more common (55.36%), followed by the stem (19.6%) and leaf stipule galls (15.29%). The mean number of chamber and volume value of gall types were 1.52-5.93 and 0.43-2.15 cm3, respectively. The highest values were observed in ‘stem gall’. The more gall formation was observed in the wild chestnut trees and ‘Marigoule’ than the other local varieties.

Transcriptome profiling of coriander: a dual purpose crop unravels stem gall resistance genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharda Choudhary ◽  
Mahantesha B. N. Naika ◽  
Radheshyam Sharma ◽  
R. D. Meena ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stem Gall

Initiation and development of the stem gall induced by Hemadas nubilipennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium (Ericaceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2187-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. West ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Stem Gall ◽  
Thick Layers ◽  
Chalcid Wasp

Hemadas nubilipennis Ashmead, a tiny chalcid wasp, induces a multichambered, reniform gall at the tips of vegetative shoots of Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton (lowbush blueberry). The life cycle of H. nubilipennis and the anatomical changes occurring within the shoots during gall development are described. Growth of attacked shoots is terminated by growth of the gall. Some aspects of gall growth and development are similar to those of galls induced by cynipid wasps, even though chalcids and cynipids are distantly related. Proliferation of insect-induced gall cells begins before the eggs of H. nubilipennis hatch, and by the time the larvae begin to feed, they are surrounded by thick layers of parenchymatous cells. Nutritive cells are differentiated from gall parenchyma, and as the gall matures, a layer of sclerenchymatous cells is differentiated and circumscribes each larval chamber.

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