Parasitism of the Spring Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Complex in Organically Managed Apple Orchards in The North Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cossentine ◽  
A. Bennett ◽  
H. Goulet ◽  
J. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
The North ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Okanagan Valley

scholarly journals How much does the host matter to the parasitoid? Distribution of Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) species amongst two locally co-occurring gall-inducing hosts in the genus Diplolepis (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Jamie M. MacEwen ◽  
Nathan G. Earley ◽  
Robert G. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
The North ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
North End ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractGall wasps in the cynipid genus Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) attack various species of native and introduced roses in Canada. Although gall forms are diverse, gall wasps are parasitised by highly concordant complexes of parasitoids and inquilines. Many species of gall wasps attack the same host plants and develop over the same periods in the season, suggesting that opportunistic parasitoids may be exploiting a range of hosts rather than specialising. We sampled larvae of Eurytoma Illiger (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from galls of D. variabilis (Bassett) and D. rosaefolii (Cockerell), gall inducers that develop fairly synchronously late in the growing season on leaves of Rosa woodsii Lindl. (Rosaceae) in the Okanagan Valley of central British Columbia, Canada. Galls were sampled at five different sites along a gradient from the north end of the valley to the Canada–United States border, a distance of 100 km. We extracted DNA, then amplified and sequenced the cytochrome b segment for each Eurytoma larva. We identified two well-supported clades that were differentiated by neither sampling location nor host. Instead, at least two species of Eurytoma, E. imminuta Bugbee and E. longavena Bugbee, exist at these localities, and both exploit at least two of the Diplolepis hosts found at these sites.

Quaternary stratigraphy and evidence for multiple glacial episodes in the north Okanagan Valley, British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Nichol ◽  
Patrick Monahan ◽  
Robert Fulton ◽  
Jianhua Ping ◽  
Xioahua Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The North ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
Okanagan Valley

Depositional systems and seismic stratigraphy of a Quaternary basin: north Okanagan Valley, British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vanderburgh ◽  
M. C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Okanagan Valley ◽  
Basin Fill

Seismic and core data from north Okanagan Valley, a deep (~700 m of fill), elongate (~3 km wide by 45 km long) basin located in the Cordillera of south-central British Columbia, reveal a thick sequence of fine and coarse elastics. The architecture of the basin fill was delineated using 16 km of high-resolution, reflection seismic profiles, and 30 lithologic logs. Using a depositional systems approach, four systems were identified: subglacial fluvial, glaciolacustrine, alluvial fan, and channel. The subglacial fluvial system consists of a basal suite of compact, stratified to poorly stratified coarse clastics deposited beneath glacial ice under high hydrostatic pressure. Older sediments were almost completely excavated from the basin fill during periods of maximum subglacial flow during Late Wisconsinan glaciation. One of the outcomes of this study is that it lends support to the notion that Late Wisconsinan glaciers were capable of almost totally eroding older Pleistocene basin deposits while depositing thick sequences of subglacial fluvial sediments. During deglaciation, the basin was occupied by a lake in which laminated silt and clay were deposited (glaciolacustrine system). The wedge-shaped alluvial fan system interfingers with the finer clastics of the basin fill. Incised into the upper part of the basin fill are channel sediments forming the channel depositional system. Two stages in the evolution of the north Okanagan basin were identified: in the first stage (~10 ka), lake sediments were rapidly accumulating coeval with the formation of alluvial fans and fan deltas; the second stage shows the present-day architecture of the basin fill.

scholarly journals Physiological resilience of pink salmon to naturally occurring ocean acidification

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y Frommel ◽  
Justin Carless ◽  
Brian P V Hunt ◽  
Colin J Brauner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Co2 Levels

Abstract Pacific salmon stocks are in decline with climate change named as a contributing factor. The North Pacific coast of British Columbia is characterized by strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity in ocean conditions with upwelling events elevating CO2 levels up to 10-fold those of pre-industrial global averages. Early life stages of pink salmon have been shown to be affected by these CO2 levels, and juveniles naturally migrate through regions of high CO2 during the energetically costly phase of smoltification. To investigate the physiological response of out-migrating wild juvenile pink salmon to these naturally occurring elevated CO2 levels, we captured fish in Georgia Strait, British Columbia and transported them to a marine lab (Hakai Institute, Quadra Island) where fish were exposed to one of three CO2 levels (850, 1500 and 2000 μatm CO2) for 2 weeks. At ½, 1 and 2 weeks of exposure, we measured their weight and length to calculate condition factor (Fulton’s K), as well as haematocrit and plasma [Cl−]. At each of these times, two additional stressors were imposed (hypoxia and temperature) to provide further insight into their physiological condition. Juvenile pink salmon were largely robust to elevated CO2 concentrations up to 2000 μatm CO2, with no mortality or change in condition factor over the 2-week exposure duration. After 1 week of exposure, temperature and hypoxia tolerance were significantly reduced in high CO2, an effect that did not persist to 2 weeks of exposure. Haematocrit was increased by 20% after 2 weeks in the CO2 treatments relative to the initial measurements, while plasma [Cl−] was not significantly different. Taken together, these data indicate that juvenile pink salmon are quite resilient to naturally occurring high CO2 levels during their ocean outmigration.

Monitoring of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Okanagan Valley vineyards, British Columbia, Canada, and assessment of damage to table and wine grapes (Vitaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Etienne Lord ◽  
D. Thomas Lowery
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Grape Cultivars ◽  
Okanagan Valley

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft fruit in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada since its detection in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the distribution of D. suzukii and damage levels in grapes. Apple cider vinegar-baited traps placed in table and wine grape (Vitis vinifera Linnaeus; Vitaceae) vineyards during 2011–2013 demonstrated that D. suzukii was numerous in all sites, with earliest emergence and highest numbers recorded in 2013. Drosophila suzukii were reared from intact and damaged table grapes and damaged wine grapes collected from the field, but not from intact wine grapes. Drosophila suzukii were reared in low numbers in 2011 from intact fruit of 11 wine grape cultivars exposed artificially in the laboratory. Susceptibility of intact wine grapes under laboratory conditions in 2011 when sour rot was widespread might relate in part to undetected infections of berries due to weather conditions. Identification of Drosophila Fallén species revealed that D. suzukii comprised a small portion of the total. Our results demonstrate that healthy wine grapes in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia are largely undamaged by D. suzukii, while certain table grape cultivars should be protected from attack.

scholarly journals Gitksan

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Brown ◽  
Henry Davis ◽  
Michael Schwan ◽  
Barbara Sennott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Gitksan (git) is an Interior Tsimshianic language spoken in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is closely related to Nisga'a, and more distantly related to Coast Tsimshian and Southern Tsimshian. The specific dialect of Gitksan presented here is what can be called Eastern Gitksan, spoken in the villages of Kispiox (Ansbayaxw), Glen Vowell (Sigit'ox), and Hazelton (Git-an'maaxs), which contrasts with the Western dialects, spoken in the villages of Kitwanga (Gitwingax), Gitanyow (Git-anyaaw), and Kitseguecla (Gijigyukwhla). The primary phonological differences between the dialects are a lexical shift in vowels and the presence of stop lenition in the Eastern dialects. While there exists a dialect continuum, the primary cultural and political distinction drawn is between Eastern and Western Gitksan. For reference, Gitksan is bordered on the west by Nisga'a, in the south by Coast Tsimshian and Witsuwit'en, in the east by Dakelh and Sekani, and in the north by Tahltan (the latter four of these being Athabaskan languages).

INTERNAL BARK NECROSIS OF DELICIOUS APPLE IN RELATION TO SOIL pH AND LEAF MANGANESE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. FISHER ◽  
G. W. EATON ◽  
S. W. PORRITT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Okanagan Valley

A study in Delicious apple orchards in the Okanagan Valley showed that severe symptoms of internal bark necrosis were generally associated with soil pH below 5.6 and leaf manganese above 120 ppm. Some exceptions, however, show that both these determinations are required for accurate diagnosis of tree symptoms.

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