scholarly journals Plasma Concentrations of Trimethylamine-N-oxide Are Directly Associated with Dairy Food Consumption and Low-Grade Inflammation in a German Adult Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Martina Allenspach ◽  
Arnold von Eckardstein ◽  
Daniel Müller
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
German Adult

scholarly journals Osteopontin Expression in Human and Murine Obesity: Extensive Local Up-Regulation in Adipose Tissue but Minimal Systemic Alterations

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian W. Kiefer ◽  
Maximilian Zeyda ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Joakim Huber ◽  
René Geyeregger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue (AT) that may underlie the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in various inflammatory processes, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Because these processes occur in the AT of obese patients, we studied in detail the regulation of OPN expression in human and murine obesity. The study included 20 morbidly obese patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects, as well as two models (diet-induced and genetic) of murine obesity. In high-fat diet-induced and genetically obese mice, OPN expression was drastically up-regulated in AT (40 and 80-fold, respectively) but remained largely unaltered in liver (<2-fold). Moreover, OPN plasma concentrations remained unchanged in both murine models of obesity, suggesting a particular local but not systemic importance for OPN. OPN expression was strongly elevated also in the AT of obese patients compared with lean subjects in both omental and sc AT. In addition, we detected three OPN isoforms to be expressed in human AT and, strikingly, an obesity induced alteration of the OPN isoform expression pattern. Analysis of AT cellular fractions revealed that OPN is exceptionally highly expressed in AT macrophages in humans and mice. Moreover, OPN expression in AT macrophages was strongly up-regulated by obesity. In conclusion, our data point toward a specific local role of OPN in obese AT. Therefore, OPN could be a critical regulator in obesity induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance.

Challenges in the Management of COVID-19 Patients with Metabolic Syndrome with Special Emphasis on Gender and Age - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 3401-3405
Author(s):  
Arunima Chaudhuri ◽  
Suhrita Paul ◽  
Tapas Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

BACKGROUND The corona virus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic has put human civilization into a huge challenge, especially in the field of medicine in the management of patients with co-morbidities. Health authorities across the world depend greatly on reliable data to make major decisions and this is especially true during this global pandemic. The present review was conducted to estimate the challenges in the management of Covid-19 patients with metabolic syndrome with special emphasis on gender and age. Patients having pre-existing health conditions e.g., heart disease, diabetes are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. According to the WHO newsletter, COVID-19 has tragically claimed more than 1.5 million lives. The burden of obesity across the world has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, 1.9 billion adults, were overweight; 650 million were obese; 13 % of the world's adult population (11 % of males and 15 % of females) were obese in 2016. Obesity has been observed to be a high-risk factor for COVID-19 severity. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) targets the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry and ACE2 is highly expressed in adipose tissue. This suggests an important role for the tissue in determining COVID-19 disease severity in obese individuals.1-2 There has been an increase in death from diabetes by 70 % globally between 2000 and 2019, and an 80 % rise in deaths among males has been observed. Metabolic syndrome comprises three or more of the following factors: increased waist circumference; hypertriglyceridemia; elevated blood pressure; reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hyperglycemia.1-2 Visceral fat is known to produce higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. These are then released in the bloodstream. Release of proinflammatory markers in blood stream may cause auto-amplifying cytokine production (“cytokine storms”) and low-grade inflammation. Cytokine storm and low-grade inflammation can contribute to worsening of COVID-19 patients with obesity. Components of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity are highly prevalent among the general population and have been observed to significantly increase the risk of hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients.1-2 KEYWORDS Covid-19 Pandemic, Metabolic syndrome, Aging, Gender

scholarly journals Dairy Food Consumption is Inversely Associated with the Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyueun Lee ◽  
Jihye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Frequent Consumption

Dairy food consumption is known to be inversely associated with periodontal disease. However, there are conflicting results depending on the type of dairy foods. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between individual dairy food consumption and periodontal disease. A total of 9798 Korean adults, aged ≥30 years, who participated in the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study’s analysis. Dairy food consumption was measured by the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as Community Periodontal Index score ≥3 in more than one of six sextants. Frequent intake of dairy foods (≥7 servings/week) was associated with a 24% lower prevalence of periodontal disease compared with never consumers after adjustment for age, gender, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes mellitus status, calcium intake, tooth brushing frequency, and use of dental floss (Odds ratio (OR)= 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63–0.91, p for trend = 0.052). Also, frequent intake of milk (≥7 servings/week) was associated with a 26% lower prevalence of periodontal disease after adjustment for potential confounders (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61–0.89, p for trend = 0.022). Frequent consumption of dairy food including milk may have a beneficial effect on periodontal disease in the Korean adult population.

scholarly journals Serum IL-12 Is Increased in Mexican Obese Subjects and Associated with Low-Grade Inflammation and Obesity-Related Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suárez-Álvarez ◽  
L. Solís-Lozano ◽  
S. Leon-Cabrera ◽  
A. González-Chávez ◽  
G. Gómez-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters. A total of 147 healthy individuals, 43 normal weight, 61 overweight, and 43 obese subjects participated in the study. Circulating levels of IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were measured after overnight fasting in all of the study subjects. Waist circumference and body fat percentage were recorded for all the participants. Serum IL-12 was significantly higher in overweight and obese individuals than in normal weight controls. Besides being strongly related with body mass index (r=0.5154), serum IL-12 exhibited a significant relationship with abdominal obesity (r=0.4481), body fat percentage (r=0.5625), serum glucose (r=0.3158), triglyceride (r=0.3714), and TNF-α(r=0.4717). Thus, serum levels of IL-12 are increased in overweight and obese individuals and show a strong relationship with markers of low-grade inflammation and obesity in the Mexican adult population. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-12 in developing obesity-associated alterations in humans.

scholarly journals Low-Grade Inflammation Is Not Present in Former Obese Males but Adipose Tissue Macrophage Infiltration Persists

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ara ◽  
Pernille Auerbach ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Esmeralda Mata ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Macrophage infiltration in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots and systemic low-grade inflammation were studied in post-obese (PO), obese (O), and control (C) subjects. Young males were recruited into PO: (n = 10, weight-loss avg. 26%, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.7, mean ±SEM kg/m2), O: (n = 10, BMI: 33.8 ± 1.0kg/m2) and C: (n = 10, BMI: 26.6 ± 0.6 kg/m2). PO and C were matched by BMI. Blood and abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in the overnight fasted state. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and CRP were higher (p < 0.05) in O than in PO and C, TNF-α was higher (p < 0.05) only in O compared to PO and IL-18 was similar between groups. The number of CD68+ macrophages was higher (p < 0.05) in the gluteal than the abdominal depot, and higher (p < 0.05) in O and PO compared to C in both depots. The content of CD163+ macrophages was similar between depots but was higher (p < 0.05) in PO compared to C and O in the gluteal depot. In post obese men with a long-term sustained weight loss, systemic low-grade inflammation was similar to non-obese controls despite a higher subcutaneous adipose tissue CD68+ macrophage content. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory CD163+ macrophage adipose tissue content was consistently higher in post obese than obese and controls.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and metabolic responses to high-fat meals with and without dairy products in men

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1853-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schmid ◽  
Nicolai Petry ◽  
Barbara Walther ◽  
Ueli Bütikofer ◽  
Werner Luginbühl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Postprandial Inflammation ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Postprandial inflammation is an important factor for human health since chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with chronic diseases. Dairy products have a weak but significant anti-inflammatory effect on postprandial inflammation. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of a high-fat dairy meal (HFD meal), a high-fat non-dairy meal supplemented with milk (HFM meal) and a high-fat non-dairy control meal (HFC meal) on postprandial inflammatory and metabolic responses in healthy men. A cross-over study was conducted in nineteen male subjects. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after consumption of the test meals. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at each time point. IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin concentrations were assessed at baseline and endpoint (6 h). Time-dependent curves of these metabolic parameters were plotted, and the net incremental AUC were found to be significantly higher for TAG and lower for CRP after consumption of the HFM meal compared with the HFD meal; however, the HFM and HFD meals were not different from the HFC meal. Alterations in IL-6, TNF-α and endotoxin concentrations were not significantly different between the test meals. The results suggest that full-fat milk and dairy products (cheese and butter) have no significant impact on the inflammatory response to a high-fat meal.

scholarly journals Polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis Regulate Inflammatory Markers and Weight Gain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Jaime Angel-Isaza ◽  
Juan Carlos Carmona-Hernandez ◽  
William Narváez-Solarte ◽  
Clara Helena Gonzalez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Weight-related disorders affect more than half of the adult population worldwide; they are also concomitant with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation manifesting in abnormal cytokine production. The present study evaluated the effect of polyphenol and flavonoid extract from Passiflora ligularis (granadilla) on low-grade inflammation and body weight in overweight Wistar rats. To induce weight-gain, rats were fed a chow diet with 30% sucrose water and supplemented with 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/L polyphenol extracts (n = 16). The design was a 3 +1 factorial model performed for 42 days (granadilla polyphenols, 3 levels of supplementation, and 1 control group). In addition to total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, the major identified and quantified polyphenol, via UHPLC, was ferulic acid. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated in serum. A decline in the concentration of TNF-α and in weight-gain was found in P. ligularis (granadilla) groups treated with the 2.5 g/L dose. Consumption of polyphenol extracts from granadilla inhibits interleukin-activity as an indicator of inflammation and aids in body-weight control, considering similar food intake, in overweight Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Dysglycemic states and hypertension: A relationship dependent on low-grade inflammation

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Valmore Bermúdez ◽  
Wheeler Torres ◽  
Víctor Arias ◽  
María Sofía Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a prominent cardiovascular risk factor, affecting over 1 billion people worldwide. Identification of closely associated cardiometabolic conditions may be crucial for its early detection. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with HTN and prehypertension (PHT) in an adult population sample from Maracaibo City, Venezuela. Methods: A randomized multi-staged sampling cross-sectional study was performed in 2230 individuals from Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study database. PHT and HTN were defined according to JNC-7 criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the main risk factors for each condition. Results: 52.6% (n=1172) of the subjects were female, the prevalence of HTN was 32% (n=714), while the prevalence of PHT was 31.1% (n=693). The main risk factors for HTN were age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR]: 40.99; 95%CI: 16.94-99.19; p<0.001) and the local indigenous ethnic group (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.09-8.62; p=0.03). Adjustment for high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels increased the OR of these factors and diminished the impact of other factors. Meanwhile, age ≥60 years (OR: 3.39; 95%CI: 1.41-8.18; p=0.007) and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.06-2.00; p=0.02) were the main risk factors for PHT. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the risk factor profiles for HTN and PHT. Additionally, low-grade inflammation appears to link multiple metabolic factors and preexisting vascular characteristics.

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