PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR ADOPTING INDUSTRY 4.0 IN CAD SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A Muñoz ◽  
R. Pérez Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological World ◽  
Cloud Applications ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Way

Technologies are evolving faster than our ability to assimilate what we can do with them, but the potential is clear and the opportunity will be for those who identifies the right application of each technology. In the information era, we are literally swimming in an ocean of structured and not structured data and thanks to the evolution in the communications technologies, all that data are available everywhere for everyone. But data is not information. It is necessary to have the capability to analyse, extract conclusions and learn from it. Technologies as Big Data (BD) and the Artificial Intelligence (AI) are crucial for this purpose, but the intention of the treatment matters. Imagine how these technologies shall allow to engage the ship design by applying rules which will facilitate the design significantly, how the integration of the validation of the structural models by the Classification Societies will be linked directly by cloud applications. Imagine all the benefits of this two simple examples that can be implemented thanks to the potential of these technologies. The concepts that are absolutely clear from now to the future in shipbuilding is the use of Data Centric model and the concept of Digital Twin, a real and effective synchronization between what we design, what we construct, by covering the complete life cycle of the product thanks to technologies like IoT. It is important to understand how the new generations are immersed in a technological world in constant and rapid evolution. The way they interacts with this ecosystem will determine the way we should define the new rules of the CAD/CAM/CIM Systems. This paper examines different selected solutions describing practical use cases in ship design phase as an example of what IoT, BD or AI will represent for ship design and shipbuilding in the near future.

What the Shipbuilding Future Holds in Terms of CAD/CAM/CIM Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Perez Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological World ◽  
Cloud Applications ◽  
The Way

We are living a continuous and fast technology evolution, maybe this evolution goes faster than our capacity to assimilate what we can do with it, but the potential is clear and the future will be for those who identifies the right technology with the right application. In the information era, we are literally swimming in an ocean of structured and not structured data and thanks to the evolution in the Telecommunications technologies, all that information can be used from everywhere. However, information means nothing without the capability to analyze, extract conclusions and learn from it, which is way the technologies like treatment of Big Data and the Artificial Intelligence are crucial. Imagine how these technologies shall allow engaging the design of a part or any concept by applying rules, which will facilitate the design significantly, how the integration of the validation of the structural models by the Classification Societies will be linked directly by cloud applications. Imagine all the benefits of this two simple examples that can be implemented thanks to the potential of these technologies. The way we work with shipbuilding CAD tools is also changing thanks to the ubiquitous access to the information and the different hardware available to explode that information: AR, VR, MR, Smartphones, tablets, etc. Nevertheless, not only the way we work, but also the way we interact with shipbuilding CAD tools is changing, with technologies like natural language processes that allows having a direct conversation with the applications. The concepts that are absolutely clear from now to the future in shipbuilding is the use of Data Centric model and the concept of Digital Twin, a real and effective synchronization between what we design, what we construct, by covering the complete life cycle of the product thanks to technologies like IoT and RFID. This paper tries to explain the importance to understand how the new generations of naval architects and marine engineers are immersed in a technological world in constant and rapid evolution. The way they interacts with this ecosystem will determine the way we should define the new rules of the shipbuilding CAD systems.

Adopting Industry 4.0 Technologies in Shipbuilding Through CAD Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
J A Muñoz ◽  
R Perez-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Right ◽  
Technological World

Technologies are evolving faster than our capability to develop applications that bring us the value we can get from them. The potential is clear and the opportunity will be for those who identify the right application for each technology. One of the foundations of the fourth industrial revolution is the ability to handle huge amounts of data that is everywhere and available to anyone, thanks to the evolution in communication technologies. However, data is not information; it is necessary to have the capability to analyse, then extract conclusions and to learn from both. Technologies, such as Big Data (BD), Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), give the capability to do this, but what really matters is how it is applied. Those who are able to recognise the value of analysing data correctly, to transform it into information and apply it to the improvement of the design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance processes will be successful in the industrial transformation that is taking place. This skill requires practitioners to make the best decisions and ultimately optimise the life cycle of the industrial products. Some of the fields of application of these technologies are already evident. It is possible to imagine how these technologies can enable ship design by applying rules, which will facilitate the design significantly. Equally, by integrating the validation of the structural models by the Classification Societies and much of the design through cloud based applications. The adoption proposed in this article is based on the evolution of CAD applications towards a central data model and with the aim of achieving a true Digital Twin. With a real and effective synchronization between what is designed, manufactured and what is operated, making it possible to cover the complete life cycle of the product. In this process, it is also very important to consider peoples experiences. It is necessary to understand how the new generations are immersed in a technological world, which is in a constant and rapid evolution. This interaction with this ecosystem will determine how the new rules should be defined for the CAD/CAM/CIM Systems. This paper examines some practical use cases in the design phase of shipbuilding as an example of what new technologies could provide ship design and shipbuilding in the near future.

A FUTURE FORETASTE: SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRIAL TENDENCIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pérez Fernandez ◽  
E Péter Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Way

We are living a continuous and fast technology evolution, maybe this evolution goes faster than our capacity to assimilate what we can do with it, but the potential is clear and the future will be for those who identifies the right technology with the right application. The way we work with Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools is also changing thanks to the ubiquitous access to information and the different hardware available to exploit that information: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality or Mixed Reality. Not only the way we work, but also the way we interact with CAD tools is changing, with technologies like natural language processes that allows direct conversation with the applications. The concepts that are absolutely clear from now to the future in shipbuilding are the use of Data Centric models and the concept of Digital Twin. Both provide a real and effective synchronization between what we design and what we construct, by covering the complete life cycle of the product, thanks to technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). Nowadays it is unimaginable to work without using CAD in shipbuilding: ease of design with design rules embedded, speed of design, and the use and reuse of information. It is expected that in the future CAD tools will advance further and allow greater information management through further improvements. The paper presents several scenarios with improvements likely to occur the next few years. Some of these improvements may seem unrealistic in the short term, but reality often exceeds expectations in any field, and probably more so with technology.

A Future Foretaste: Shipbuilding Industrial Tendencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pérez Fernandez ◽  
E Péter Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Cad Tools ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Way

We are living a continuous and fast technology evolution, maybe this evolution goes faster than our capacity to assimilate what we can do with it, but the potential is clear and the future will be for those who identifies the right technology with the right application. The way we work with Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools is also changing thanks to the ubiquitous access to information and the different hardware available to exploit that information: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality or Mixed Reality. Not only the way we work, but also the way we interact with CAD tools is changing, with technologies like natural language processes that allows direct conversation with the applications. The concepts that are absolutely clear from now to the future in shipbuilding are the use of Data Centric models and the concept of Digital Twin. Both provide a real and effective synchronization between what we design and what we construct, by covering the complete life cycle of the product, thanks to technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). Nowadays it is unimaginable to work without using CAD in shipbuilding: ease of design with design rules embedded, speed of design, and the use and reuse of information. It is expected that in the future CAD tools will advance further and allow greater information management through further improvements. The paper presents several scenarios with improvements likely to occur the next few years. Some of these improvements may seem unrealistic in the short term, but reality often exceeds expectations in any field, and probably more so with technology.

Shelter Cats: From Admission to Adoption—Ethical and Welfare Concerns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Sara Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Way

Abstract Despite the growing popularity of cats as pets, many cats end up housed for long periods of time in shelters. These shelters are increasingly under the spotlight by local communities in the way in which they deal with problematic issues, for they may be seen as an example or as target of criticism. In regards to cat (re)homing there are several relevant welfare and ethical issues. Shelters should have a proactive and well-defined strategy to improve welfare and reduce the number of sheltered cats. Those with the authority to make decisions should consider the available resources and hold in perspective the viewpoints of others, especially that of the cat. The challenge is to avoid judgments based on our own quality of life standards which may lead to decisions based on emotional factors to manage the situation. Is it moral for humans to poses the power to determine a cat’s fate? Despite not having an answer for what is the right solution, the way to proceed should be clearly defined. If there is a strategy and a plan, there is an opportunity to readjust and improve. What are the main reasons for all these problems? Most of the related questions don’t have direct answers. However, instead of reacting in order to solve the problem, we should proactively focus on prevention, mainly through population control and education, knowing that what seems good and right at that moment might be considered wrong and obsolete in a near future, in the light of the development of scientific knowledge and societal values.

Reflections on the Use of Data and Bodily Material of Deceased Persons for Medical Research Under Belgian, Dutch and English Law

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Jeanne Pia Mifsud Bonnici
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Medical Confidentiality ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

This paper provides a brief comparative comment on the three contributions of van der Hart-Zwart, Boddez & Nys, and Choong & Mifsud Bonnici included in the present volume. The three contributions reflect on the use of medical information and/or human bodily material obtained before or after death and used for medical research purposes after the death. The present reflective note first looks at the legal shortcomings pointed out in the three contributions, primarily the lack of clarity on whether medical confidentiality survives after death, the non-applicability of the right to private life and data protection after death and the incomplete rules on the use of bodily material of deceased persons for medical purposes. The paper then gradually reflects on the way the three jurisdictions combine attempts at legal certainty and pragmatism to deal with these shortcomings.

Higher education—triumph of the knowledge-intensive society?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Alvesson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
The Arts ◽  
World Class ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Way

‘Be something great’ and ‘fast track to top jobs’ were two headlines in advertisements for education that caught my eye some time ago. The specific message was that a specific school was offering a route to success and a brilliant career. In other words, education paves the way for success in life. With the passing of time, this has become a well-established truth. There are no other options—unless you have exceptional talents in the arts, sports, or the entertainment context. Fantasies and hopes for an outstanding career are encouraged on a broad front. The higher education sector has developed rapidly, even exploded, in recent decades and so have promises of a fantastic career resulting from a degree of the right kind and at the right place. In one UK university, the business school building is plastered with large posters claiming that ‘We create world-class minds’. And a Swedish university, located in a remote part of the country and with difficulties in recruiting faculty members and students, advertises heavily, claiming ‘research and education in world class’. If an institution is not ‘world class’ it is often described in terms of ‘excellence’. At my own university a few years ago, I saw a poster headed ‘Do you want to be President or Group CEO?’ for a course in commercial law specially designed for people who expect to reach the top in the near future. Since the target group consists of students, and most of them will probably have to bide their time for a decade or two before they can put ‘President’ or ‘Group CEO’ on their business cards, we may conclude that the department in question has realized the value of a long-term approach, and is assuming that many students have a high estimation of their potential. Perhaps education institutions support such more or less realistic self-images and career aspirations. If the department in question succeeds in recruiting a large number of students, it is perhaps primarily the less realistic self-images that will be reinforced. At a more collective level, education is now also considered to pave the way for national greatness.

The adaptation of design thinking in auditing

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda MEIJER-WASSENAAR ◽  
Diny VAN EST
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

How can a supreme audit institution (SAI) use design thinking in auditing? SAIs audit the way taxpayers’ money is collected and spent. Adding design thinking to their activities is not to be taken lightly. SAIs independently check whether public organizations have done the right things in the right way, but the organizations might not be willing to act upon a SAI’s recommendations. Can you imagine the role of design in audits? In this paper we share our experiences of some design approaches in the work of one SAI: the Netherlands Court of Audit (NCA). Design thinking needs to be adapted (Dorst, 2015a) before it can be used by SAIs such as the NCA in order to reflect their independent, autonomous status. To dive deeper into design thinking, Buchanan’s design framework (2015) and different ways of reasoning (Dorst, 2015b) are used to explore how design thinking can be adapted for audits.

Memories for the Return? Remembering the Nakba by the First Generation of Palestinian Refugees in Syria

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaheed Al-Hardan
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Oslo Accords ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
Palestinian Refugee ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
The Way

The 1948 Nakba has, in light of the 1993 Oslo Accords and Palestinian refugee activists' mobilisation around the right of return, taken on a new-found centrality and importance in Palestinian refugee communities. Closely-related to this, members of the ‘Generation of Palestine’, the only individuals who can recollect Nakba memories, have come to be seen as the guardians of memories that are eventually to reclaim the homeland. These historical, social and political realities are deeply rooted in the ways in which the few remaining members of the generation of Palestine recollect 1948. Moreover, as members of communities that were destroyed in Palestine, and whose common and temporal and spatial frameworks were non-linearly constituted anew in Syria, one of the multiples meanings of the Nakba today can be found in the way the refugee communities perceive and define this generation.

Comparative Views on the Right to Vote in International Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Dothan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
National Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The Right ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
The Way

There is a consensus about the existence of an international right to vote in democratic elections. Yet states disagree about the limits of this right when it comes to the case of prisoners’ disenfranchisement. Some states allow all prisoners to vote, some disenfranchise all prisoners, and others allow only some prisoners to vote. This chapter argues that national courts view the international right to vote in three fundamentally different ways: some view it as an inalienable right that cannot be taken away, some view it merely as a privilege that doesn’t belong to the citizens, and others view it as a revocable right that can be taken away under certain conditions. The differences in the way states conceive the right to vote imply that attempts by the European Court of Human Rights to follow the policies of the majority of European states by using the Emerging Consensus doctrine are problematic.

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