Measurement and Analysis of Triboelectric Surface Charge

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Jinhong PARK ◽  
Jinhyeok CHOI ◽  
Sang Hyeok PARK ◽  
Minbaek LEE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Contact Electrification ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triboelectric Charging ◽  
Method Of Measurement

Contact electrification occurs when two isolated objects come into contact. Such a phenomenon led humans to first realization of the existence of electricity. Until now, the main causes of the triboelectric charging phenomenon have generally been thought to be the transfer of electrons, ions, and materials. This article, however, is limited to electron transfer on the surface, which is regarded as a general case not limited to specific situations. The contact between two objects occurs between the two surfaces; therefore, the surface properties of the material under examination are the most important properties in triboelectric charge transfer. The surface properties may include the types of materials in contact, their energy states, the roughnesses of their surfaces, and their elastic moduli. In this regard, we introduce here the current understanding of the energy band structures involved in the different types of materials, the method of measurement, an analysis of surface charges, and related applications.

scholarly journals Germanium Nanowires as Sensing Devices: Modelization of Electrical Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Luca Seravalli ◽  
Claudio Ferrari ◽  
Matteo Bosi
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Molecular Sensing ◽  
Germanium Nanowires ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Additional Doping ◽  
Different Types ◽  
N Doping ◽  
Very High

In this paper, we model the electrical properties of germanium nanowires with a particular focus on physical mechanisms of electrical molecular sensing. We use the Tibercad software to solve the drift-diffusion equations in 3D and we validate the model against experimental data, considering a p-doped nanowire with surface traps. We simulate three different types of interactions: (1) Passivation of surface traps; (2) Additional surface charges; (3) Charge transfer from molecules to nanowires. By analyzing simulated I–V characteristics, we observe that: (i) the largest change in current occurs with negative charges on the surfaces; (ii) charge transfer provides relevant current changes only for very high values of additional doping; (iii) for certain values of additional n-doping ambipolar currents could be obtained. The results of these simulations highlight the complexity of the molecular sensing mechanism in nanowires, that depends not only on the NW parameters but also on the properties of the molecules. We expect that these findings will be valuable to extend the knowledge of molecular sensing by germanium nanowires, a fundamental step to develop novel sensors based on these nanostructures.

scholarly journals Understanding contact electrification at liquid–solid interfaces from surface electronic structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzi Sun ◽  
Qiuyang Lu ◽  
Zhong Lin Wang ◽  
Bolong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Surface Electronic Structure ◽  
Contact Electrification ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractThe charge transfer phenomenon of contact electrification even exists in the liquid–solid interface by a tiny droplet on the solid surface. In this work, we have investigated the contact electrification mechanism at the liquid–solid interface from the electronic structures at the atomic level. The electronic structures display stronger modulations by the outmost shell charge transfer via surface electrostatic charge perturbation than the inter-bonding-orbital charge transfer at the liquid–solid interface, supporting more factors being involved in charge transfer via contact electrification. Meanwhile, we introduce the electrochemical cell model to quantify the charge transfer based on the pinning factor to linearly correlate the charge transfer and the electronic structures. The pinning factor exhibits a more direct visualization of the charge transfer at the liquid–solid interface. This work supplies critical guidance for describing, quantifying, and modulating the contact electrification induced charge transfer systems in triboelectric nanogenerators in future works.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Coda Wave Interferometry to Material Damage—Observations from a Virtual Concrete Lab

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4033
Author(s):  
Claudia Finger ◽  
Leslie Saydak ◽  
Giao Vu ◽  
Jithender J. Timothy ◽  
Günther Meschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Coda Wave ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Source Signal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Scale ◽  
Coda Wave Interferometry

Ultrasonic measurements are used in civil engineering for structural health monitoring of concrete infrastructures. The late portion of the ultrasonic wavefield, the coda, is sensitive to small changes in the elastic moduli of the material. Coda Wave Interferometry (CWI) correlates these small changes in the coda with the wavefield recorded in intact, or unperturbed, concrete specimen to reveal the amount of velocity change that occurred. CWI has the potential to detect localized damages and global velocity reductions alike. In this study, the sensitivity of CWI to different types of concrete mesostructures and their damage levels is investigated numerically. Realistic numerical concrete models of concrete specimen are generated, and damage evolution is simulated using the discrete element method. In the virtual concrete lab, the simulated ultrasonic wavefield is propagated from one transducer using a realistic source signal and recorded at a second transducer. Different damage scenarios reveal a different slope in the decorrelation of waveforms with the observed reduction in velocities in the material. Finally, the impact and possible generalizations of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are given for a potential application of CWI in concrete at structural scale.

The dehydrogenation of 1,4-dihydronaphthalene by tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 2261-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Hashish ◽  
I. M. Hoodless
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Ion Transfer ◽  
Hydride Ion ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Hydride Ion Transfer

The dehydrogenation of 1,4-dihydronaphthalene by tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone in phenetole solution has been investigated. The present work does not fully confirm earlier studies which report that the reaction follows second-order kinetics and that the hydride ion transfer is rate determining. In the investigations described in this paper second-order kinetics are only observed in the later stages of the reaction and a 1:1 stoichiometry of the reactants in the process is not obtained. Substitution of tritium in the 1,4-positions of the hydrocarbon appears to not significantly affect the reaction rate. The present results indicate that charge-transfer complexes are formed in the reaction and it is suggested that electron transfer within these complexes could be the rate-determining step in the dehydrogenation.

Mechanism of Contact Electrification

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Young-Joon KO ◽  
Dong Woo LEE ◽  
Jonghoon JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Charge Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Contact Electrification ◽  
Schottky Model ◽  
Thermionic Emission Model

Contact electrification has been a well-known phenomenon since B.C. 300. However, the origin of triboelectric charge and the charge transfer mechanism are not well understood. To date, the thermionic emission model, Schottky model, flexoelectric model, and intermolecular force model have been proposed for the contact electrification in conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. This article briefly introduces several important research results on the simple-seeming, but baffling, topic of contact electrification.

Photoinduced versus spontaneous host–guest electron transfer within a MOF and chromic/luminescent response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Li ◽  
Shuai-Liang Yang ◽  
Wan-Shan Liu ◽  
Meng-Yue Guo ◽  
Xiao-Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Luminescent Sensing

The MOF shows charge-transfer sensitized Eu(iii) emission and spontaneous/photoinduced guest-to-host electron transfer, which allow chromic and luminescent sensing of NH3 (luminescence turn-off) and O2 (luminescence turn-on).

scholarly journals Structural factors influencing the intramolecular charge transfer and photoinduced electron transfer in tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Novakova ◽  
Petr Hladík ◽  
Tereza Filandrová ◽  
Ivana Zajícová ◽  
Veronika Krepsová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Photoinduced Electron Transfer ◽  
Intramolecular Charge Transfer ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing
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