scholarly journals Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes transfer among enteric bacteria isolated from human and animal sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-215
Author(s):  
EHWARIEME Daniel Ayobola ◽  
◽  
WHILIKI Onoriadjeren Oscar ◽  
EJUKONEMU Francis Ejovwokoghene ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Quinolone Resistance

scholarly journals High fecal carriage of blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Kye-Yeung Park ◽  
Hoon-Ki Park ◽  
Hwan-Sik Hwang ◽  
Mi-Ran Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Fecal Carriage ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractTo characterize the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiome of healthy individuals. Fecal carriage of ARGs was investigated in 61 healthy individuals aged 30 to 59 years through whole metagenome sequencing of the gut microbiome and a targeted metagenomic approach. The number of ARGs in the gut microbiome was counted and normalized per million predicted genes (GPM). In the Korean population, the resistome ranged from 49.7 to 292.5 GPM (median 89.7). Based on the abundance of ARGs, the subjects were categorised into high (> 120 GPM), middle (60‒120 GPM), and low (< 60 GPM) ARG groups. Individuals in the high ARG group tended to visit hospitals more often (P = 0.065), particularly for upper respiratory tract infections (P = 0.066), and carried more blaCTX-M (P = 0.008). The targeted metagenome approach for bla and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes revealed a high fecal carriage rate; 23% or 13.1% of the subjects carried blaCTX-M or blaCMY-2, respectively. Regarding PMQR genes, 59% of the subjects carried PMQR, and 83% of them harboured 2‒4 PMQR genes (qnrB 44.3%, qnrS 47.5% etc.). The presence of blaCTX-M correlated with ARG abundance in the gut resistome, whereas PMQR genes were irrelevant to other ARGs (P = 0.176). Fecal carriage of blaCTX-M and PMQR genes was broad and multiplexed among healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes Among Escherichia coli in the Gut of Healthy People in Fuzhou, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Zhiyun Wu ◽  
Zhichang Zhao ◽  
Juan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Quinolone Resistance

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef M. Shibl ◽  
Mohamed H. Al-Agamy ◽  
Harish Khubnani ◽  
Abiola C. Senok ◽  
Abdulkader F. Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Prevalence And Characterization Of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance In Various Aquatic Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Yusuf ◽  
Kimberley Gilbride
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Bacterial isolates found in aquatic ecosystems often carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These ARGs are often found on plasmids and transposons, which allows them to be proliferate throughout bacterial communities via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) causing dissemination of multidrug resistance. The increase in antibiotic resistance has raised concerns about the ability to continue to use these drugs to fight infectious diseases. Novel synthetic antibiotics like ciprofloxacin that are not naturally found in the environment were developed to prevent resistances. However, ciprofloxacin resistance has occurred through chromosomal gene mutations of type 2 topoisomerases or by the acquisition of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistances (PMQR). A particular PMQR, qnr genes, encoding for pentapeptide repeat proteins that confer low levels of quinolone resistance and protect DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from antibacterial activity. These qnr genes have been identified globally in both clinical and environmental isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments in the Greater Toronto Area and the potential dissemination of ciprofloxacin resistance. With the selective pressure of ciprofloxacin, we hypothesize that ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria (CipR) in the environment may carry PMQR mechanisms while the sensitive population (CipS) would not carry PMQR genes. Isolates were tested for resistance to an additional 12 different antibiotics and identified using Sanger sequencing PCR products of the 16S rRNA gene. To determine which genes are responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance, multiplex PCR of associated qnr genes, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS, was carried out on 202 environmental isolates. Our data demonstrate a similar prevalence of qnr genes was found in CipR (19%) and CipS (14%) populations suggesting that the presence of these genes was not necessarily correlated with the phenotypic resistance to the antibiotic. Furthermore, ciprofloxacinresistant bacteria were found in all locations at similar frequencies suggesting that resistance genes are widespread and could possibly arise through HGT events. Overall, determining the underlying cause and prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance could help re-establish the effectiveness of these antimicrobial compounds.

Contamination of hay and haylage with enteric bacteria and selected antibiotic resistance genes following fertilization with dairy manure or biosolids.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scott ◽  
Roger Murray ◽  
Yuan-Ching Tien ◽  
Edward Topp
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
And Control

The present study evaluated if enteric bacteria or antibiotic resistance genes carried in fecal amendments contaminate the hay at harvest, representing a potential route of exposure to ruminants that consume the hay. In field experiments, dairy manure was applied to a hay field for three successive growing seasons, and biosolids applied to a hay field for one growing season. Various enteric bacteria in the amendments were enumerated by viable plate count, and selected gene targets were quantified by qPCR. Key findings include the following: At harvest, hay receiving dairy manure or biosolids did not carry more viable enteric bacteria than did hay from unamended control plots. Fermentation of hay did not result in a detectable increase in viable enteric bacteria. The application of dairy manure or biosolids did result in a few gene targets being more abundant on hay at the first harvest. Fermentation of hay did result in an increase in the abundance of gene targets, but this occurred both with hay from amended and control plots. Overall, application of fecal amendments will result in an increase in the abundance of some gene targets associated with antibiotic resistance on first cut hay.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document