scholarly journals Small hydrophobic viral proteins involved in intercellular movement of diverse plant virus genomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-329
Author(s):  
Sergey Y. Morozov ◽  
◽  
Andrey G. Solovyev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Intercellular Movement ◽  
Virus Genomes ◽  
Small Hydrophobic ◽  
Diverse Plant

scholarly journals Genes for Membrane Transport Proteins: Not So Rare in Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Greiner ◽  
Anna Moroni ◽  
James Van Etten ◽  
Gerhard Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Membrane Transport Proteins ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Virus Genomes

Some viruses have genes encoding proteins with membrane transport functions. It is unknown if these types of proteins are rare or are common in viruses. In particular, the evolutionary origin of some of the viral genes is obscure, where other viral proteins have homologs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We searched virus genomes in databases looking for transmembrane proteins with possible transport function. This effort led to the detection of 18 different types of putative membrane transport proteins indicating that they are not a rarity in viral genomes. The most abundant proteins are K+ channels. Their predicted structures vary between different viruses. With a few exceptions, the viral proteins differed significantly from homologs in their current hosts. In some cases the data provide evidence for a recent gene transfer between host and virus, but in other cases the evidence indicates a more complex evolutionary history.

Structure and Function of Plant Virus Genomes

1983 ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
Lous van Vloten-Doting ◽  
John F. Bol ◽  
Annette Nassuth ◽  
Jan Roosien ◽  
Alberto N. Sarachu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Virus Genomes

scholarly journals Two novel bornaviruses identified in colubrid and viperid snakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Pfaff ◽  
Dennis Rubbenstroth
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Chamaeleo Calyptratus ◽  
Bothrops Atrox ◽  
Virus Genomes

AbstractWe present the complete genome sequences of Caribbean watersnake bornavirus (CWBV) and Mexican black-tailed rattlesnake bornavirus (MRBV), which we identified in archived raw transcriptomic read data of a Caribbean watersnake (Tretanorhinus variabilis) and a Mexican black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus nigrescens), respectively. The genomes of CWBV and MRBV have a length of about 8,900 nucleotides and comprise the complete coding regions and the untranslated regions. The overall genomic makeup and predicted gene content is typical for members of the genus Orthobornavirus within the family Bornaviridae. Alternative splicing was detected for the L and M genes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of all viral proteins, we consider both viruses to be members of a single novel species within the genus Orthobornavirus. Both viruses form a distinct outgroup to all currently known orthobornaviruses. Based on the novel virus genomes, we furthermore identified closely related endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein sequences in transcriptomic data of veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and a common lancehead (Bothrops atrox).

scholarly journals Dynamin-Like Proteins of Endocytosis in Plants Are Coopted by Potyviruses To Enhance Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanwei Wu ◽  
Xiaoyan Cui ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Justin B. Renaud ◽  
Kangfu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Intercellular Movement

ABSTRACT Endocytosis and endosomal trafficking regulate the proteins targeted to the plasma membrane and play essential roles in diverse cellular processes, including responses to pathogen attack. Here, we report the identification of Glycine max (soybean) endocytosis dynamin-like protein 5A (GmSDL5A) associated with purified soybean mosaic virus (SMV) virions from soybean using a bottom-up proteomics approach. Knockdown of GmSDL5A and its homologous gene GmSDL12A inhibits SMV infection in soybean. The role of analogous dynamin-like proteins in potyvirus infection was further confirmed and investigated using the Arabidopsis/turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) pathosystem. We demonstrate that dynamin-related proteins 2A and 2B in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDRP2A, AtDRP2B), homologs of GmSDL5A, are recruited to the virus replication complex (VRC) of TuMV. TuMV infection is inhibited in both A. thaliana drp2a (atdrp2a) and atdrp2b knockout mutants. Overexpression of AtDRP2 promotes TuMV replication and intercellular movement. AtRDP2 interacts with TuMV VPg, CP, CI, and 6K2. Of these viral proteins, VPg, CP, and CI are essential for viral intercellular movement, and 6K2, VPg, and CI are critical components of the VRC. We reveal that VPg and CI are present in the punctate structures labeled by the endocytic tracer FM4-64, suggesting that VPg and CI can be endocytosed. Treatment of plant leaves with a dynamin-specific inhibitor disrupts the delivery of VPg and CI to endocytic structures and suppresses TuMV replication and intercellular movement. Taken together, these data suggest that dynamin-like proteins are novel host factors of potyviruses and that endocytic processes are involved in potyvirus infection. IMPORTANCE It is well known that animal viruses enter host cells via endocytosis, whereas plant viruses require physical assistance, such as human and insect activities, to penetrate the host cell to establish their infection. In this study, we report that the endocytosis pathway is also involved in virus infection in plants. We show that plant potyviruses recruit endocytosis dynamin-like proteins to support their infection. Depletion of them by knockout of the corresponding genes suppresses virus replication, whereas overexpression of them enhances virus replication and intercellular movement. We also demonstrate that the dynamin-like proteins interact with several viral proteins that are essential for virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. We further show that treatment of a dynamin-specific inhibitor disrupts endocytosis and inhibits virus replication and intercellular movement. Therefore, the dynamin-like proteins are novel host factors of potyviruses. The corresponding genes may be manipulated using advanced biotechnology to control potyviral diseases.

scholarly journals Cis-acting RNA elements in positive-strand RNA plant virus genomes

Virology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Newburn ◽  
K. Andrew White
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Positive Strand ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Rna Elements ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Virus Genomes
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